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Moscow outer defences - 1941.

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Moscow outer defences - 1941.

Postby tigre on 27 Apr 2008 14:58

Hello to all :D ; I'm looking for some detailed info on the attacks carried out by the 3 ID (Mot) and the 258 ID from 02 Oct till 14 Oct 1941 against the outer defensive positions on the approaches to Moscow. So far all what I've is this map....

Regards. Raúl M 8-) .
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Re: Moscow outer defences - 1941.

Postby Art on 29 Apr 2008 10:57

What they called "outer defences" was the Fortified Region #37 aka Maloyaroslavets Fortified region. The construction of defences wasn't completed yet , by 10th October the positions were occupied by various cut and pieces, then the defenders recieved fresh 312nd Rifle Division and 9th and 17th Tank Brigades. There is a detailed description of the event in the history the Moscow Defence zone written during the war. Is it of interest?

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Re: Moscow outer defences - 1941.

Postby tigre on 01 May 2008 20:11

Hello Art :D ; of course, thank you very much for your kind offer. Cheers. Raúl M 8-) .

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Re: Moscow outer defences - 1941.

Postby Art on 02 May 2008 12:56

Ok, Raul, but it will take some time - I have a heavy deadline now.

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Re: Moscow outer defences - 1941.

Postby tigre on 02 May 2008 15:15

Hello Art :D ; thanks again and rule your time. Cheers. Raúl M 8-) .

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Re: Moscow outer defences - 1941.

Postby Art on 02 May 2008 17:34

Well, let's begin. The Maloyaroslavets sector ( commander - CO of the 312th Rifle Division colonel Naumov) of the Mozhaisk Defense Line Front was created on 10th October 1941. On the same day it had the following forces:
312 Rifle Division - 11 420 men, 8893 rifles, 162 light MGs, 106 heavy MGs, 211 SMGs, 6 45-mm guns, 12 76-mm guns, 8 122-mm howitzers, 6 120-mm, 18 82-mm and 42 50-mm mortars;
108th Replacement Rifle Regiment (two battalions) - 1908 men, 1744 rifles, 33 LMGs, 22 heavy MGs;
Podolsk infantry officer school (4 battalions) - 569 men, 449 rifles, 32LMGs, 23 HMGs, 4 SMGs, 4 82-mm and 5 -50-mm mortars;
Podolsk artillery officer shool - 560 men, 490 rifles, 5 LMGs, 2 SMGs, 13 45-mm guns, 6 76-mm guns;
64th Howitzer Artillery Regiment - 830 men, 725 rifles, 17 LMGs, 2 AA MGs, 11 122-mm guns, 4 152-mm guns;
517th Reserve Artillery Regiment - 789 men, 568 rifles, 6 LMGs, 12 152-mm guns;
301st Machinegun Battalion - 47 light and 68 heavy MGs; no data on personnel
303rd Machinegun Battalion - 47 light and 68 heavy MGs;
31st Separate Artillery Battalion - 16 76-mm guns;
222nd AT Artillery Regiment - 304 men, 222 rifles, 4 HMGs, 8 45-mm and 8 85-mm (AA) guns;
395th AT artillery Regiment - 327 men, 252 rifles, 3 HMGs, 8 45-mm and 8 85-mm guns;
35th Separate Flamethrower Company - 163 men, 100 rifles, 180 flamethrowers;
36th Separate Flamethrower Company - 162 men, 100 rifles, 180 flamethrowers;
39th Separate Flamethrower Company - 164 men, 100 rifles, 180 flamethrowers;
43th Separate Flamethrower Company - 165 men, 150 rifles, 180 flamethrowers;
46th Separate Flamethrower Company - 165 men, 150 rifles, 180 flamethrowers;
Separate tank company - no data;
616th mixed regiment (formed using personnel of retreating units of the 43rd Army) - 939 men, 624 rifles, 4 LMGs, 3 HMGs, 1 SMGs, 1 76-mm gun, 2 82-mm and 1 50-mm mortars;
12th Guards Mortar Regiment - no data;
312th Division was in the process of transfer from the northern sector of the Soviet-German front.

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Re: Moscow outer defences - 1941.

Postby tigre on 02 May 2008 18:43

Thank you very much Art for the time you spend in helping me. Cheers. Raúl M 8-) .

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Re: Moscow outer defences - 1941.

Postby warlock on 04 May 2008 04:58

Art,

Where is this information available?

Thanks in advance,

Warlock

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Re: Moscow outer defences - 1941.

Postby Art on 06 May 2008 15:33

warlock wrote:Art,
Where is this information available?

Well, in early 1942 a group of officers of the Moscow Defence Zone's Staff prepared a manuscript entitled "The Defence of Moscow by the Moscow Defence Zone Forces" (also known as a combat diary of the Moscow Defence Zone). The document didn't recieve much publicity and was kept together with other piles of paper in archive. In 2001 owing to the 60-th anniversary of the battle of Moscow a rain of gold poured on Moscow historians from the city budget as a result this work was published as a book "The history of the Moscow Defence Zone". The information quoted is from this source.

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Re: Moscow outer defences - 1941.

Postby Art on 08 May 2008 16:41

Maloyaroslavets fortified region was a part of the Moszhaisk Defence Line covering the western approaches to Moscow. The construction of the line began in August 1941. Originally it consisited of three fortified regions - #35 (Volokolamsk), #36 (Mozhaisk), #37 (Maloyaroslavets). In late August an additional region (#38 - Kaluga) was added as the line was extended to the south up to Ugra-Oka confluence. By 10th October when the battles in the area of Maloyaroslavets began the fortified region was far from being completed. It had 107 ready concreted pillboxes of 186 planned, 213 of 270 blockhouses, 29 of 60 kilometers of escarpament, 5 of 105 kilometers of wire entanglements, though the length of conctructed antitank ditchess was longer that it was originally planned - 83 kilometers instead of 44. The situation with signal means and communications was an issue too. The scale of readiness of the 35th and 36th FRs was roughly the same, the 38th fortified Region wasn't ready at all. Finnaly there was a serious lack of troops to defend the fortified line. It was planned that the 69-kilimeters front of the Maloyaroslavets FR will be defended by 6 divisions (plus one in reserve), in fact on 10th October there was only one, which in addition wasn't fully conctentrated when the combat actions started.

Several words must be said about the command structure which was rather intricate. The fortifications of the Mozhaisk line and conctruction units working on fortifications were in the area of responsibility of the Moscow Military District command. Moreover after the start of "Typhoon" operation when the situation on the Moscow direction quickly became crititcal the fortified line was occupied by the troops wich the district could gather using its resources. It's enough to see the list of units of the Maloyaroslavets sector to understand that these resources were pretty lean. On 9th Ocotober Stavka came even further and created a Moscow Reserve Front on the basis of the Moscow Military District HQs, wich was to consist of two armies - 5th (32, 312, 316 - all arriving from the north) defending the Mozhaisk Defense Line and 26th defending approahes to Mtsensk and Tula. In fact the HQs of the 5th Army arrived with some lag and the front command controlled the units occupying the line via three sector commands - one for each of fortified regions #35, 36, 37. The positive result of these decision was that the defence of the MDL was bolsterd with three divisions, the negative result was confusion in command as an additional instantion was created just in the rear of the troops of Reserve and West Fronts wich were rolling back to the east and were about to reach the MDL soon. For example, if one takes the actions in the vicinty of Maloyaroslavets, in addition to forces listed in my previous mesage, the 17th Tank Brigade also operated in that area but was subordinated to the Reserve (later West) Front. Also some units of the 33rd and 43rd armies were retreating to the east in the same region, I think the inconvinience of such an organization is obvious. As partial compensation for this mess on the next day Stavka merged the last two fronts into one West Front commanded by Zhukov. Finnaly, on 12th October all units defending Moscow were subordinated to Zhukov, and the defence of Maloyaroslavets sector was taken over by the 43rd Army of the West Front. The result of this order-counterorder succesion was a significant mess in command.

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Re: Moscow outer defences - 1941.

Postby Art on 10 May 2008 15:02

Art wrote:Maloyaroslavets fortified region was a part of the Moszhaisk Defence Line covering the western approaches to Moscow.

That is how it looked like:
Image
The scheme shows Fortified Regions #35-37. Ovals represent the projected divisional positions.

Here is some information on action of the forward detachement of the Maloyaroslavets FR along Yukhnov- Medyn-Maloyaroslavets highway prior to 10th October. On 6th Ocotber the Mozhaisk Line was occupied by the troops of the Moscow Military District. On the same day the commander of the 37th FR colonel Smirnov sent a forward detchment to Yukhnov wich was allready occupied by German vanguards. The detachment consisted of the 6th company of the Podolsk Infanty School reinforced with 2 45-mm AT guns and 2 heavy MGs, it recieved the task to hold the line of Izver' river (about 20 kilimeters north-east of Yukhnov) and prevetn enemy advance along a highway to Medyn-Maloyaroslavets. At 6.00 a.m. 6.10 the forward detachment reached Izver' river. Not observing any signs of enemy it tried to advance to Yukhnov but met some resistance on Ugra river and returned to inital positions along Izver'.

On 7th October the detachment was reinforced with another company and a battery of the 222 AT artillry regiment and recieved the task to carry out reconnassaince of enemy troops on the west side of Ugra.
By morning of 8th October the detachment additionally recieved the 1st battalion of the 108th Replacement Regiment. In early hours the detachment began advance along the highway but after reching Pushkino (15 kms north-east of Yukhnov) ran into strong mortar fire. After the actions of detachment didn't bring any succes on 5.00 p.m. its commander captain Starchak ordered to retreat to Izver. In my source this man is erroneously called Storchak. He is a rather well known person, who was a commander of a group of airborne troopers sent to Yukhnov to destroy bridges there and delay German advance. Evidently this group joined the forward detahment but no details on this are given. The detchment returned to Izver without any opposition, till the end of the day the enemy actions were restricted to patrolling.
It must be noted that on 5th October Stavka orderd 5th Guards Rifle Division and 17th Tank Brigade to recapture Yukhnov and to establish a connection with the forces of the Reserve Front there. At night of 8th October the 17th Tank Brigade was concentrated in Myatlevo (10 kms south-west of Medyn). According to the order of the 43th Army commander the forward detchment was subordinated to the brigade (one example of allready mentioned command mess). Major general Smirnov (commander of Podolsk Infantry School) arrived to the detachment and ordred to start an atack along the highway in order to recon enemy forces and prevent enemy advance toward Medyn.

In the morning of 9th October the detachment started an attack but after 1-km advance suddenly ran into enemy resistance at Chernyshevo-Dernovo. The ataked failed and the enemy started to outflank the right wing of the detachment and forced it to retreat. The detachment's actions were not supported by the 17th Tank Brigade. 1/108 Replacement Regiment was attacked by German infantry crossing Izver and started to fall back to Medyn in dissaray. 2nd and 6th company of Podoslk school suffering high losses were forced to withdraw too. MG Smirnov decided to reinforce the detachement with another company (1st) of Podoslk School. The company arrived to Myatlevo on trucks, here the retreating units of 1/108 Repalcemant Regiment were also gathered. An improvised group commanded by major Khinevich organized defence of Shanya river (2 kilometers south-west of Myatlevo) supported with several tanks of the 17th Brigade.

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Re: Moscow outer defences - 1941.

Postby Art on 12 May 2008 15:25

Art wrote: An improvised group commanded by major Khinevich organized defence of Shanya river (2 kilometers south-west of Myatlevo)

That is the mistake of the source. Evidently they mean Neroshka river, because Shanya is situated east of Myatlevo.

Continuation:
On 10th October in the morning German infantry began attack on Soviet positions west of Myatlevo with the support of aviation. Neither the forward detachment, no the 17th Tank Brigade had any antiaircraft means. The 17th Brigade began hasty retreat to Medyn. After discovering the withdrawl of the tanks the 1st Battalion of the 108th Replacement Regiment and Medyn destroyer company [irregular security unit] began to fall back too. The Podolsk school companies under strong enemy pressure were withdrawing as a rearguardand and by the end of the day abandoned Medyn and took position at Dvoriki (6 kms east of Medyn) where the 17th TBr was concentrated. The 3rd company of the Podolsk Infantry School (50 men ) and the recon detachment of the 53rd Rifle Division (from 43rd Army of the Reserve Front) were sent to reinforce the forward detachment.

My scheme showing the actions of the forward detachment using the modern geograpchical map. The forward line of the Maloyaroslavets fortified region is designated with the dashed red line:
Image

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Re: Moscow outer defences - 1941.

Postby tigre on 12 May 2008 21:30

Thanks for all your effort in helping me Art. Cheers. Raúl M 8-) .

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Re: Moscow outer defences - 1941.

Postby Art on 25 May 2008 13:12

Well , after some pause continuation of the story

The events described above are mentioned in daily reports of the Soviet General Staff in the following way:
The report of 10.10: “One tank battalion of the 17th Tank Brigade was committed to actions against advancing enemy. After a stubborn fighting the battalion retreated to the south-west outskirts of Myatlevo. Losses: 6 knocked-out T-34 evacuated from the battlefield. Apart from this 2 T-34 were left to enemy. Destroyed: 6 AT guns and up to 500-600 men”
11.10:”Troops of the Reserve front continued gathering, manning and reorganizing of retreating units and were engaged in fighting against enemy in the area of Medyn and Ugra River. 17th Tank Brigade after a stubborn fighting against overwhelming enemy forces and after suffering high losses was forced to abandon Medyn by the end of 10.10”
In his turn 4th ober-quartermeister of OKH in his report of 10th October mentioned the presence of separate battalions and regiment and also cadets of military school operating along the main roads in the sector of the 4th German Army, but rather optimistically stated that the 17th Tank Brigade was the only large Soviet unit in that sector. It was only two days later when the presence of several new divisions at Kaluga and east of Gzhatzk (107th aka 5th Guards, 312th and 313th – the last incorrectly) was mentioned in the German report.

The positions of units subordinated to the Maloyaroslavets combat sector by the end of the 10th October are shown on the map.
Image
Designated with figures:
1. Podolsk Infantry School without the 4th battalion, 108th Replacement Regiment, 301st Machinegun Battalion, Podolsk Artillery School, 222nd and 395th AT Artillery Regiments, 64th Howitzer Artillery Regiment, 1st Battalion 517th Howitzer Artillery Regiment, 35th and 39th Flamethrower Companies.
2. 1079th Rifle Regiment (312th Rifle Division), 303rd Machinegun Battalion, 36th Flamethrower Company, one battalion of 859th Artillery Regiment (312 RD)
3. one rifle company, 43rd Flamethrower Company
4. One company of Podolsk Infantry School, combined battalion of the 616th Rifle Regiment (organized from retreating units)
5. one company of Podolsk Infantry School, AT battery, one battery of 12th Guards Mortar Regiment
6. one tank company and a battalion of the 517th Howitzer Artillery Regiment
7. 12th Guards Mortar Regiment (rocket launchers)

In addition 1081st Rifle Regiment was in the process of detraining. It was planned that one battalion would occupy position on the left wing (area of Detchino, between 3 and 4 on the map) and the other two would remain in the reserve of the divisional commander.
One can see that Soviet units were concentrated mainly in the central sector along the highway Yukhnov-Maloyaroslavets-Moscow and the northern sector of their position (north of Yurievskoye) wasn’t occupied by any unit. It was planned that it would be defended by the 1083rd Rifle Regiment with 1st/859th Artillery Regiment (312 Rd) which were on the march from a detraining station. However they arrived too late when the Soviet positions were already seized by German vanguards.

On 11.10 the Soviet staffs received information that Germans made an airborne landing in the area of Ishcheino (Ischtcheino on the German map provoded by Tigre), the strength was later estimated as one company with light tanks and automatic weapons. In fact it was most likely a recon or forward detachment, taking them for airborne groups was rather typical for that period. As it was already said 1081st RR didn’t arrived to this sector in time, so the Soviet units here were two workers battalions (some irregular units) which were rather soon dispersed and routed. The enemy started movement further east without opposition. It meant that the Soviet defense line was broken without serious fight. At the same time Soviet recon airplanes reported movement of enemy motorized columns from Aduevo to the north-west. The commander of the front LG Artemiev ordered to send the detachment commanded by Zhuravlyov (8 guns and 44 high-caliber machineguns) to Tishnevo (Wischenvo on the German map, 12 km south-west of Borovsk) in order to cover the approaches to the city. Airforces of the front received the order to attack the German columns. At the same time several detachments were sent from the neighboring Mozhaisk sector to the south to the region of Borovsk, the largest of them was a cavalry regiment.
The forward detachment (if you remember it operated along the main highway to Moscow) received the order to recapture Medyn, which was according to the Soviet data occupied by the units of the 258 ID, in cooperation with the 17th TBr and the recon detachment of the 53rd Rifle Division (subordinated to the 43rd Army of the Reserve Front at the start of “Typhoon”, retreated from the main defense line). The counterattack didn’t produce any positive results, by the end of the day the detachment together with the tank brigade fell back to the outpost line west of Ilyinskoye. On the other sectors the German troops came to the forward defense line without opposition already in the morning of 11.10. On the left wing the 16th company of the Podolsk school and one battalion of the 616th Rifle Regiment were engaged in some small-scale action against German company and seized Ustie.

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Re: Moscow outer defences - 1941.

Postby tigre on 25 May 2008 19:31

Superb!!!. Thanks again Art :D. Cheers. Raúl M 8-).

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