Calculations of losses by Boris Sokolov
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Irrevocable losses vermacht up to November, 1944 are full enough considered according to personal the account of losses. During the period from September, 1st, till December, 31st, 1944 ground forces have lost killed in the field of fight, and also died of wounds, illnesses, accidents and for other reasons of 1750,3 thousand persons, and missing persons - 1609,7 thousand persons. The fleet for the same period has lost 60 thousand persons victims and 100,3 thousand persons missing persons, and military-air forces - 155 thousand victims and 148,5 thousand missing persons. Losses from January, 1st on April, 30th, 1945 the central bodies of the account of losses were estimated for ground forces in 250 thousand victims and 1 million missing persons, for the Navy - in 5 thousand victims and 5 thousand missing persons, and for the Air Forces - in 10 thousand victims and 7 thousand missing persons. {64} on character of calculations all missing persons in ground forces during the period from January, 1st till April, 30th, 1945 Can be carried to number of the captured. As well for this period in the Navy and the Air Forces it is possible to consider the majority of missing persons captured. More difficult with those who was missing till the end of 1944 the Death-roll among them it is possible to estimate, having subtracted from total number of missing persons in ground forces during this period approximate number captured, grasped by opponents of Germany. It is known that in May, 1943 in Tunis the German ground forces have lost captured about 90 thousand persons. On the Western front from June till December it has been taken prisoner more than 210 thousand persons, in Italy - about 20 thousand persons. {65} the number of missing persons in the east till January, 1945 has made 1 million persons, number captured it is possible to estimate in 544 thousand persons. This figure is received by subtraction from total number captured, grasped by Red Army till the end of 1944 (997 thousand persons), 202 thousand Romanian, 49 thousand Italians and 2 thousand Finns (all of them could be captivated only till the end of 1944) And also 200 thousand from 514 thousand Hungarian military men taken prisoner. {66} in this case about 456 thousand missing persons in the east till the end of 1944 it is necessary to carry to victims. On other theatres of war from 610 thousand missing persons till the end of 1944 of military men of ground forces about 290 thousand can be carried to number of the killed. It gives a death-roll in ground forces from the beginning of war and till the end of 1944 in 2496 thousand persons. In the Navy from among missing persons we is conditional nine tenth we carry to the lost seamen who have sunk together with the ships. In this case total number of victims till the end of 1944 in fleet can be estimated in 150 thousand persons. In the Air Forces we conditionally accept that half of missing persons can be carried to victims, and other half - to captured then total number of victims in the German aircraft till the end of 1944 can be estimated in 229 thousand persons. During the period from January, 1st till April, 30th 1945 г, everything which were missing in the Air Forces and the Navy, we conditionally carry to number of the captured. Killed in May, 1945 we estimate losses in 10 thousand persons, mainly from structure of ground forces. Then total number of victims in ground forces should be estimated in 2756 thousand, in the Navy - in 155 thousand and in the Air Forces - in 239 thousand persons, and for вермахта in whole (together with armies СС) - in 3,15 million persons. Losses captured till the end of April, 1945 are estimated in 1854 thousand for ground forces, 15 thousand for the Navy and 81 thousand for the Air Forces. Calculation of losses captured for the next days wars loses meaning in connection with the beginning of mass delivery in a captivity of all German army.
During the period from January, 1st till April, 30th, 1945 from 1 million captured from structure of ground forces of 615 thousand was it is taken on the Western front (290 thousand - in January-March and - in April in the Ruhr copper), {67} number captured in Italy it is possible to estimate 325 thousand in 10 thousand, other 375 thousand captured were are taken on East front. On a share of East front during this period we also carry half captured of structure of fleet and one third of captured Air Forces from structure - all about 5 thousand persons.
In total in Soviet to a captivity has visited 2,73 million former military men of the German army (2,390 million Germans, 157 thousand Austrians, the others - Czechs, Slovaks, Poles, Frenchmen, Yugoslavs and so forth) From which has died in a captivity of 450,6 thousand persons. Besides, the Soviet armies have captivated about 215 thousand the former Soviet citizens serving in коллаборационистских formations or as support personnel ("volunteer assistants") in German parts. We will notice that after the German capitulation on May, 9th and after Red Army 1391 thousand persons, and earlier, during the period from May, 1 till May, 8th, under some data, 635 thousand persons have surrendered. {68} total number of victims in a captivity of the German military men is estimated by experts of German service of search in 800 thousand persons. {69} taking into account the data about a death-roll in Soviet to a captivity quantity of the prisoners of war who have died in a captivity in the West, it is possible to define approximately in 350 thousand persons. In total in war was lost, by our estimation, about 3950 thousand military men вермахта, including here also the Austrians, Czechs, Poles, Balts and other citizens of the USSR and other countries serving in the German armed forces. This estimation practically coincides with B.Muller-Gillebranda's estimation - 4 million victims. {70}
Irrevocable losses of civilians of Germany in days of war are estimated approximately in 2 million persons. As a result of land operations victims here enter into last period of war, and also about 500 thousand victims of strategic bombardments of allied aircraft and 300 thousand citizens of Germany (anti-fascists, Jews and gipsies), victims in concentration camps or executed nazis. {71} the general irrevocable losses of Germany - 5,95 million persons have appeared in 7,3 times less than the Soviet irrevocable losses - 43,448 million persons. On irrevocable losses of civilians the parity appears even less favorable for the USSR - 8,5:1. Here the big losses of the Soviet population have affected during operations which in territory of the USSR proceeded much longer, than in the German territory, a genocide of nazis against Jews and gipsies and their severe reprisals against the peace population, especially in the areas captured by guerrilla struggle, and also considerable superfluous death rate of the Soviet population for hunger and illnesses, first of all territories, подвергшихся occupations (in Germany which till the end of war practically did not starve, similar superfluous death rate was not). We will note, as death rate among the German prisoners of war both in the east, and in the West though was considerable, but far did not reach a death rate of the Soviet prisoners of war which was lost almost two thirds. Here the brutal relation of camp German administration to the captured Red Army men who were not falling under action of the Geneva convention, and also calculation on lightning war in which use captured for military needs was not provided has affected first of all. Argument about large number Soviet captured, especially in 1941-1942 as about the reason of the raised death rate among them, it is hardly fair as last months wars and right after capitulations of the German captured allies in hands it has appeared in any way less, but difficulties of their maintenance and supply as a whole have been overcome, though among separate groups captured, taken in extreme conditions and after long blockade, death rate has appeared is very great: the majority captured, taken in Stalingrade and Tunis has not come back home.