The "lost" battle of Mersa el Brega, Libyan desert, 31 March

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Don Juan
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Re: The "lost" battle of Mersa el Brega, Libyan desert, 31 March

#181

Post by Don Juan » 15 Apr 2015, 18:41

MarkN wrote: Tank design was primarily limited by the requirement that tanks could be transported by rail through/under standard British guage tunnels and bridges. Is that a design parameter dictated by the need to maximise military effect (on the continent or elsewhere) or to 'fit' peacetime soldiering in the UK? Or was it assumed mechanised warfare wuld only be practised on, and for the defense of, the British mainland?
It amazes me that so many people still believe this old chestnut.

:lol:
"The demonstration, as a demonstration, was a failure. The sunshield would not fit the tank. Altogether it was rather typically Middle Easty."
- 7th Armoured Brigade War Diary, 30th August 1941

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Re: The "lost" battle of Mersa el Brega, Libyan desert, 31 March

#182

Post by MarkN » 15 Apr 2015, 19:21

So it's not true? Where, and how, did the myth originate?


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Attrition
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Re: The "lost" battle of Mersa el Brega, Libyan desert, 31 March

#183

Post by Attrition » 15 Apr 2015, 19:48

MarkN wrote:
Attrition wrote:There was no rival industrial power to arm against after 1918, so no need for big tanks. Massacring civilians is a low-tech activity.
Nothing to do with British commanders not being mentally prepared for a major war against a major competitor...

Quote from the book you mentionned (my bold and underline)...
Added to problems involving the interpretation of doctrine were the myriad of practical obstacles that hindered realistic training both before and during the war. They were made much worse because too much responsibility for training was left in the hands of individual commanders. Some were energetic and committed trainers who tried to make training realistic and interesting for their troops. But many others did not share their enthusiasm or commitment and the preparation of their troops for battle suffered accordingly. Senior British officers did not lack professional ambition. Those who rose to command formations after 1939 had worked hard to pass the necessary examinations to enter the Staff College, for possession of a coveted psc certificate became almost the sine qua non of high command. But, what they did all too often lack was adequate training at the tactical and operational level of war. Although most divisional commanders and their seniors had received the best professional training that the army had to offer by passing through the Staff College, the training they received there was defective. The Staff College devoted too much time to preparing officers to be strategists, rather than to training them to be divisional and corps commanders. At a lower level, the battalion and brigade commanders of the expanded wartime army were supposed to be provided from the ranks of the ‘middle piece officers’ of the pre-war regular army. That some of them did not function successfully was not the result of the fact that they were without professional ambition, or because they looked upon soldiering as a pleasant pastime, or because they saw the army as a refuge from the modern world. They failed because the inter-war army had not created a system to ensure that they received the appropriate training for their new role. Critics of the regimental system have exaggerated the ways in which it inhibited combined arms co-operation in the same way that its supporters have exaggerated the extent to which it sustained morale in the wartime army. It was the lack of opportunity given to the different arms to train together, not inter-arm or interregimental jealousy, which inhibited combined arms co-operation. When units did have the chance to train together, co-operation was usually good. When combined arms co-operation failed, the regimental system served as a convenient excuse to hide more intractable problems.
The system was, at best, designed for peacetime soldiering and colonial policing, at worst, simply broken.
Feinians, zionists and Indian civilians?

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ClintHardware
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Re: The "lost" battle of Mersa el Brega, Libyan desert, 31 March

#184

Post by ClintHardware » 15 Apr 2015, 19:49

MarkN

During the night of the 31st March/1st April the 2nd Support Group did withdraw in good order and so did 3rd Armoured Brigade. There was no combat on the 1st April according to the War Diaries and that day was spent waiting for the next German contact in a first and then second position. The KDG screened the retreat and they had no contacts with forward German or Italian units on the 1st April.

The fighting on the 2nd April is where the disorder began. The disorder was largely resolved during the 5th - 7th along the routes of the retreat.

The forward units did have transport as your own criticism of my response actually confirms.

The dumps set up before the 31st March were: No. 17 F.S.D. at Tecnis, No. 18 F.S.D. at Magrun south of Benghazi, No. 19 F.S.D. at Msus and No. 20 F.S.D. at Mechili. The flexibility of the R.A.S.C. was such that as the battle developed into a series of retreats ultimately towards Derna and then Tobruk, the R.A.S.C. set up ad hoc dumps along routes to keep the 9th and 2nd Armoured Divisions supplied whilst adapting their role to lift troops eastwards to new positions. The dump at Msus was not critical to the retreat as is evidenced by CYRCOM reaching Tobruk before 5. leichte Division and the units of Brescia that Rommel sent into feint an attack during the 9th during which they were heavily shelled by the 1st RHA and the 51st Field Regiments.

All of the above comes from the war diaries and veterans - not post war summaries and arse coverings.
Imperialism and Re-Armament NOW !

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David W
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Re: The "lost" battle of Mersa el Brega, Libyan desert, 31 March

#185

Post by David W » 15 Apr 2015, 20:00

Thanks Rich.

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Re: The "lost" battle of Mersa el Brega, Libyan desert, 31 March

#186

Post by RichTO90 » 15 Apr 2015, 21:06

MarkN wrote:So it's not true? Where, and how, did the myth originate?
It's not really that it's not true, but it is something of a cart before the horse argument. All heavy equipment in all nations was restricted by loading gauge of the country's railway in some way or another...after all, the railway was there long before the tank was and was the preferred method of moving tanks long distances from factories to wherever. The restriction was formally removed by the War Office in March 1942 under the presumption that motorized tank transporters would be able to take up the slack. Of course, if you want the extreme of the argument, the U.S. Army restricted the size of American light tank designs to under 7 tons until the mid 1930s, since that was the maximum size it was presumed could be hauled about in the bed of a truck. And two major U.S. Ordnance Depots at Letterkenny and Tobyhanna Pennsylvania, were selected precisely because there no railroad tunnel or bridge restrictions between them and the ports of Philadelphia and Baltimore.

In the same vein is the old chestnut about gun tubes not extended beyond the sides of the tank, which was a practical limitation assessed because of the tanks trench crossing requirements. When it was seen that wasn't as hard and fast a rule as previously assumed it went by the wayside.

So indeed, the decisions were dictated by a "perceived need to maximize military effect (on the continent or elsewhere)" and not just by old fogieism.

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Re: The "lost" battle of Mersa el Brega, Libyan desert, 31 March

#187

Post by Gooner1 » 16 Apr 2015, 14:14

MarkN wrote: Was it "a 3-1 force inferiority?" I don't think it was.
5th Leichte, Ariete and Brescia versus about half of 2nd Armoured.

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Re: The "lost" battle of Mersa el Brega, Libyan desert, 31 March

#188

Post by MarkN » 16 Apr 2015, 19:33

Gooner1 wrote: 5th Leichte, Ariete and Brescia versus about half of 2nd Armoured.
That's marginally more informative than 11 5RTR tanks taking on 140 German panzers. :wink:

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Re: The "lost" battle of Mersa el Brega, Libyan desert, 31 March

#189

Post by Attrition » 17 Apr 2015, 13:54

Found it
never realised until [he] went out [to Cyrenaica] in the middle of March the deplorable state of the tanks of the 2nd [Armoured] Division. Only 50% of them were runners, and the organisation of the Italian M.13 tanks was still quite incomplete. Both in Cyrenaica and in Greece, the 2nd Division tanks broke down immediately they were asked to move under active service conditions; they were in fact completely worn out before they ever left England.
Raugh p. 185 letter from Wavell to O'Connor 27 June 1945

I'd remembered it as a comment from someone much closer to the action from the time rather than post war.

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Re: The "lost" battle of Mersa el Brega, Libyan desert, 31 March

#190

Post by Gooner1 » 17 Apr 2015, 14:33

MarkN wrote:
Gooner1 wrote: 5th Leichte, Ariete and Brescia versus about half of 2nd Armoured.
That's marginally more informative than 11 5RTR tanks taking on 140 German panzers. :wink:
Well waddaya want, a detailed OB?

Italian 27th Brescia Infantry Division
19th Brescia Infantry Regiment (-)
19th Mortar Company
I Infantry Battalion
III Infantry Battalion
20th Brescia Infantry Regiment (-)
20th Mortar Company
I Infantry Battalion
II Infantry Battalion
1st Articelere Regiment (assigned to replace lost division artillery regiment)
II Gruppo (2 batteries, each with 4 x 75/27 field guns)
III Gruppo (2 batteries, each with 4 x 75/27 field guns)
Two light AA batteries (each with 8 x 20L65 AA guns)
Attached Units
XV Gruppo, XVI Corps Artillery Raggruppamento (3 batteries, each with 4 x
105/28 field guns)
5th, 71st, 101st, 105th Anti-tank Companies (each with 8 x 47/32 AT guns)
IV Monti (or II/32nd) Light Tank Battalion (from Ariete)

Italian 132nd Ariete Armored Division
32nd Armored Regiment
I Battalion (II Berardi Light Tank Battalion)
II Battalion (IV Monti Light Tank Battalion) (detached to Brescia Division)
III Battalion (XI Gregorutti Light Tank Battalion)
VII Medium Tank Battalion (detached to German 5th Light Division)
Regimental Anti-tank Company (10 x 37/45 AT guns)
8th Bersaglieri Regiment
III Motorcycle Battalion
V Motorized Battalion
XII Motorized Battalion
132nd and 142nd Anti-tank Companies
132nd Artillery Regiment
I Gruppo (3 batteries, each with 4 x 75/27 field guns)
II Gruppo (3 batteries, each with 4 x 75/27 field guns)
Two light AA batteries (each with 8 x 20L65 AA guns)
Division Troops
CXXXII Mixed Engineer battalion
Attached Troops
72nd Antitank Company
I Gruppo, XXIV Corps Artillery Raggruppamento (3 batteries, each with 4 x
105/28 field guns)

German 5th Light Division
5th Panzer Regiment
I Battalion
II Battalion
Regiment z.b.V. 200
2nd Machinegun Battalion
8th Machinegun Battalion
Division Troops
3rd Reconnaissance Battalion
39th Anti-tank Battalion (3 companies, each with 8 x 37L45, 3 x 50L60 AT guns)
200th Engineer Battalion
II Battalion, 75th Artillery Regiment (3 batteries, each with 4 x 105L28 howitzers)

Corps Troops
605th Anti-Tank Battalion (SP) (3 companies, each with 9 x Panzerjaeger Ib)
606th Light Antiaircraft Battalion (SP) (2 batteries, each with 12 x SdKfz 10/4)
II Battalion, 33rd Antiaircraft (Flak) Regiment (Luftwaffe) (3 heavy batteries, each
with 4 x 88L56; 2 light batteries, each with 8 x 20L113)
Last edited by Gooner1 on 17 Apr 2015, 14:36, edited 1 time in total.

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Re: The "lost" battle of Mersa el Brega, Libyan desert, 31 March

#191

Post by Gooner1 » 17 Apr 2015, 14:35

Versus

2nd Support Group
9th Battalion, The Rifle Brigade (Formerly 1st Tower Hamlet Rifles, and still
called that throughout the battle) (motor battalion)
104th (Essex Yeomanry) Royal Horse Artillery (2 batteries, each with 8 x 25-
pounders)
C Company, 2nd Royal Northumberland Fusiliers (machine gun company) (12 x
MMG)
J Battery, 3rd Royal Horse Artillery (anti-tank) (9 x 2-pounder AT guns, 3 x
37L45 Bofors AT portees)
1er Companie, 1er Batallion d’Infanterie de Marin (Free French motor marine
company)

3rd Armoured Brigade
3rd Hussars
5th Royal Tank Regiment
6th Royal Tank Regiment
1st Royal Horse Artillery (2 batteries, each with 8 x 25-pounders)
16th Australian Brigade Anti-tank Company (attached) (9 x 2-pounders)

www.testofbattle.com/files/RommelsFirstOffensive.pdf
:P

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Re: The "lost" battle of Mersa el Brega, Libyan desert, 31 March

#192

Post by MarkN » 17 Apr 2015, 21:09

Hi Gooner

Thank you very much for taking the time to post all that. However....
Gooner1 wrote: Well waddaya want, a detailed OB?
Nope. An honest and undistorted analysis of the opposing forces would be appreciated.

Your list of axis units represents the force put together for the entire campaign to take the whole of Cyrenaica. A campaign which, despite some tactical brilliance on the part of Rommel, failed! CYRCOM, with a bit of reinforcement, held Tobruk despite Rommel receiving reinforcement too. Of all the objectives in Cyrenaica, Tobruk was the key.

Your list of allied units represents only the forward element of CYRCOM for the defence of Mersa Brega area and the manouvering of forces south of Antelat. It completely ignores the very units which lead to Rommel's failure.

It is this deliberate attempt to distort the analysis which leads to wrong conclusions and thus the wrong lessons taught and supposedly learned.

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Re: The "lost" battle of Mersa el Brega, Libyan desert, 31 March

#193

Post by David W » 18 Apr 2015, 08:22

Gooner1.

Re your detailed OB. (I an curious, not critical)

Where were Brescia's?...
II/19.
III/20.

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Re: The "lost" battle of Mersa el Brega, Libyan desert, 31 March

#194

Post by Urmel » 18 Apr 2015, 10:50

Gooner1 wrote: German 5th Light Division
5th Panzer Regiment
I Battalion
II Battalion
Regiment z.b.V. 200
2nd Machinegun Battalion
8th Machinegun Battalion
Division Troops
3rd Reconnaissance Battalion
39th Anti-tank Battalion (3 companies, each with 8 x 37L45, 3 x 50L60 AT guns)
200th Engineer Battalion
II Battalion, 75th Artillery Regiment (3 batteries, each with 4 x 105L28 howitzers)

Corps Troops
605th Anti-Tank Battalion (SP) (3 companies, each with 9 x Panzerjaeger Ib)
606th Light Antiaircraft Battalion (SP) (2 batteries, each with 12 x SdKfz 10/4)
II Battalion, 33rd Antiaircraft (Flak) Regiment (Luftwaffe) (3 heavy batteries, each
with 4 x 88L56; 2 light batteries, each with 8 x 20L113)
From the D.A.K. war diary entry of 31 March:

Losses during sinking of Heraklea:
Equipment 2./Fla. Batl. (mot.) 606 (all of it, including guns)
Elements armoured platoon A.A.3 (1 AC)
Elements 6./M.G.2 (vehicles)

Arrived in Tripoli (incomplete):
Elements Fl.M.G.Batl.606 (2 whole companies, staff)
I./Flak 18

So to be clear, when ops commenced at the end of March, none of Fla.Batl. 606, no armoured elements of A.A.3 were present, while M.G.2 had its engineer company missing completely. I./Flak 18 arrived in Agedabia on 4 April, so it is reasonable to presume that the other forces took as long to move forward.

Minor point of correction, the artillery from A.R.75 is I., not II./A.R.75
The enemy had superiority in numbers, his tanks were more heavily armoured, they had larger calibre guns with nearly twice the effective range of ours, and their telescopes were superior. 5 RTR 19/11/41

The CRUSADER Project - The Winter Battle 1941/42

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Re: The "lost" battle of Mersa el Brega, Libyan desert, 31 March

#195

Post by Urmel » 18 Apr 2015, 11:07

On the question of cruisers in Tobruk, this should be possible to figure out.

1) Number of cruisers present in September when 32 A.T.B. was established
2) MINUS Number of cruisers arrived with 1 R.T.R. in April
3) MINUS Number of cruisers that reached Tobruk with remnants of 5 R.T.R.
4) PLUS Number of cruisers lost at Tobruk between April and September.

1-4 should give as a result how many of the 26 cruisers in AOW in Tobruk were actually repairable.
The enemy had superiority in numbers, his tanks were more heavily armoured, they had larger calibre guns with nearly twice the effective range of ours, and their telescopes were superior. 5 RTR 19/11/41

The CRUSADER Project - The Winter Battle 1941/42

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