Foreign War Correspondents in the Winter War, 1939-40

[CanKiwi2]

Newspaper correspondents in the Winter War, 1939-40

This thread is dedicated to taking a deeper dive into these correspondents, their backgrounds and their reporting over the course of the Winter War.

For the record, here’s a list of all the foreign correspondents in Finland over the course of the Winter War, together with their country of origin and the Media Organisation(s) they worked for. The Year shown is their Date of Birth as per Finnish Records. I started out digging up this info for my "What If" but I also thinks it's worth recording the historical information permanently as it's usually a subject that's touched on only in passing. BUT - these were the reporters who passed on information on the Winter War to the world outside Finland and it's worth remembering who they were, what they did, the articles they wrote, the photos they took and the books that were subsequently written - many of the good source material in and of themselves.

Some of these reporters are still remembered, others who were “names” in their day are not, some of them were incredibly good writers but as most never wrote books, or if they did they’re long out of print, they’ve been forgotten. In this thread I'd like to endeavour to bring some of these men and women back to life. For the record, this list is historically accurate and everyone listed was in fact a correspondent in Finland over the course of the real Winter War. Virginia Cowles, Martha Gellhorn, John Langdon-Davies and others recorded their experiences in books. There’s also some very good background to many of these reporters in Paul Preston’s outstanding book about the war reporters in the Spanish Civil War – “We Saw Spain Die: Foreign Correspondents in the Spanish Civil War.” I recommend this book highly if you want to dig some more into the War Correspondents of this period – Preston gives a pretty good idea of what many of them got up to after the Spanish Civil War and some of them are fascinating indeed – Martha Gellhorn and Virginia Cowles being a prime examples, but there are many others such as Therese Bonney - who I'd never heard of but who is also quite something.

I'm finding it a bit more challenging to dig info up on the eastern european / Scandinavian correspondents - if anybody else would like to have a go at these, please go for it. I'm going to concentrate on the english-speaking correspondents for now - and it's going to be a fairly lengthy project whenever I have a bit of spare time.

My general plan of attack here is to include a relatively brief bio, photo or photos of the correspondent wherever possible, youtube clips if there are any featuring the correspondent AND Finland/Winter War material, plus any and all specific material by the correspondent on the Winter War - references/links to newspaper / magazine articles, the full article if possible (most of them are relatively short columns or articles) as the links themselves sometimes disappear and then the full article content is lost unless reproduced, also references to any book(s) by said correspondent that includes material on the Winter War. If the book is available in digitized form, ("Looking for Trouble" by Virginia Cowles being an example), include relevant Winter War material from the book.

In the case of a photojournalist such as Therese Bonney, I'm going to try and track down photos she took at the time, which so far is proving a bit of a challenge despite the fact that she took a lot - they're catalogued in the New York Public Library in the Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Division of Art, Prints and Photographs but only the titles and descriptions, looks like you have to buy the darn things to actually see them.

Overall - any Critiques? Suggestions? Comments? on the above approach.

American
Beattie, Edward William: 1909, United Press (UP)
Bloch, Curt, New York Times Picture Service (Pressens Bild)
Bonney, Mabel Therese: 1897, Free lancer, Finnish Gov.,
Bradley, David John: 1915, Lee Syndicate, Wisconsin State Journal
Burdett, Winston: 1913, Brooklyn Eagle
Calcraft Eric: News Paper Enterprise (photographer)
Cowles, Virginia: 1910, London Sunday Times, North American Newspaper Alliance
Day, Donald Setterlee: 1895, Chicago Tribune
Denny, Harold: 1889, The New York Times
Deuel, Norman B.: 1908, United Press (UP)
Doherty, Edward: 1890, Liberty Magazine (author)
Elliston, Herbert Berridge: 1895, Christian Science Monitor
Forte, Ralph E.: 1906, United Press (UP)
Gellhorn, Martha: 1908, Colliers Weekly
Harrelson, Max: 1906, Associated Press (AP)
Hartrich, Edwin Eugene: 1912, Colombia Broadcasting Co (CBC)
Hawkins, Thomas Fay: 1908, Associated Press (AP)
Heinzerling, Lynn Lenis: 1906, Associated Press (AP)
Irwin, Warren Edward: 1896, National Broadcasting Co (NBC)
Kerr, Walter B.: 1911, New York Herald Tribune
Lodge, Joseph N.: 1899, Associated Press (AP)
Low, Robert: 1911, Liberty Magazine
Menken, Arthur:1903, Paramount (cameraman)
Miller, Webb: 1891, United Press (UP)
Moller, Grogers Antoine: New York Times, Politiken
Muto, Frank: 1908, International News Photos, Hoover Finnish Relief Committee
Mydans, Carl Mayer: 1907, Life Magazine
Powell, Bonney: 1903, Fox (film director)
Schulman, Samuel: 1906, International News Photos
Stevens, Edmund W.: 1910, Christian Science Monitor, National Broadcasting Co (NBC)
Stowe, Leland: 1899, Chicago Daily News
Sullivan, Neil: 1897, RKO movies
Terret, Courtney: 1903, International News Service (INS)
Tolischus, Otto D.: New York Times
Wason, Betty (Elisabeth): 1912, Transradio Press Service, Indianapolis Star
Werner, ("Wade") Oscar Emil: 1893, Associated Press (AP)
Wertenbaker, Charles: 1901, Time
White, William Lindsay: 1900, Columbia Broadcasting Systems (CBS)

Australian
Aldridge, Harold Edward James, 1918, Australian Newspaper Service, assisting Daily Express

Belgian
de Becker, Raymond Jean Charles: 1912, L'ouest
Despeigne, Odette: 1913, Red Cross
Van Ermengen, Frans: 1893, La Nation Belge,
Gazet, van Antwerpen: Le XXe Siecle
Huysmans, Marthe Camille: Le Peuple and 4 other Belgian Soc. Dem. newspapers
de Moreau, Chevalier Jean: 1906, Vers l'Avenir a Namur
de Pret, Roose:
de Calesberg, Claudine Marie: 1901, La Metropole

Estonian
Kures. Woldemar: 1893, Uus Eesti
Raud, Mart: 1903, Päeväleht, Briva Zeme
Vellner, Harald: 1893, Päeväleht
Woitk, Evald: 1907, Rahvaleht
Tamm, Uno: 1912: Estonian News Agency

British
Beck, Herbert: 1885, Reuter, Daily Telegraph, News Chronicle
Black, Walter: Daily Express
Busvine, Richard Ernst: 1904, Reuter, Chicago Times
Csato, Tibor: 1906, Daily Telegraph (doctor)
Dancy, Eric Burton: 1901, News Chronicle
Donegell, Lord Edward: 1903, Sunday Dispatch, Daily Mail
Forrest, William Francis: 1902, News Chronicle
De Gallienne, Owen: 1900, London Illustrated, New York Times, (artist)
Garratt Geoffrey, T.: 1888, Manchester Guardian
Gourlie, Norah Dunclas: 1895, Glasgow Herald
Goulding, Edward: 1909, (newspaper editor)
Hartin, William Francis: 1900, Daily Mail
Hewins, Ralph: 1909, Daily Mail
Langdon-Davies, John: 1897, Evening Standard
Malleson, Constance: 1897, Manchester Guardian, Time and Tide
Marchant, Hilde: 1915, Daily Express
Morgan, Vernon Eversfield: 1904, Reuter
O'Brien-Hitching, Alphonsos James: 1913, The British Press Combile (photographer)
O'Brien-Hitching, Madelaine: 1916,
Romilly, Giles Samuel: 1916, Daily Express
Steer, George: 1909, Daily Telegraph
Sullivan, Barry S.: 1915,
Tighe, Desmond: 1906, Reuter
Urch, Reginald Oliver Gilling: 1884, The Times
Ward, Edward Henry Harold: 1905, British Broadcasting Co (BBC)
Young, Gordon Fussel: 1905, Reuter

Dutch
Birnbaum, Immanuel: De Telegraaf
Broersma, Sjoerd: 1908, Algemeen Handelsblad,Arbeiderspers,Katholieke Pers
Haakma, Siebren: 1917, Rotterdammer,Friesch Dagblad
Hazelhoff-Roelfzema, Erik:1917, Rotterdamsch Niewsblad, Dordrechts, Nieuwsblad, Haagse Courant
Hermans, Hubert: 1908, Residentiebode Den Haag
van Heuven-Goedhart, Gerritt Jan: 1901, De Grote Provinciale Dagbladen
v. Niftrik, Nora: 918, De Telegraaf
Werumeus-Buning, Johan Wilhelm: 891, De Telegraaf

Italian
Appelius, Mario: 1892, Stefani,Il Popolo d'Italia
Artieri, Giovanni: 1904, La Stampa (Dr. Pol. Sc.)
Bellotti, Felice: 1909, La Stampa
Beretta, Cesare: 1912, Il Popolo dTtalia, Giornale d'Italia Gazzetta del Popolo
Bonscossa, Cesare: 1914, Gazzetta dello Sport
Gamisa, Attila: 1911, Gazzetta dello Sport
Caputo, Massimo: 1899, Gazzetta del Popolo
Dall'Ongaro, Carlo: 1887, Giornale d'Italia, Il Piccolo, La Voce d'Italia
Faroni, Cesare: Il Popolo dItalia
Mantovani, Vittorio: 1902, Fox-Movietone
Montanelli, Indro: 1909, Corriera, della Sera
Rivelli, Cesare: 1906, Gazzetta del Popolo
Zingarelli, Italo: 1891, La Stampa di Torino

Japanese
Adachi, Tsurutaro: 1906, Domei
Kitano, Kichiano: 1892, The Asahi Newspapers

Jugoslav
Stefanovic, Milutin: 1902, Vreme de Belgrad

Canadian
Halton, Matthew: Toronto Star
Pyper, Charles Bothwell: 1885, The Evening Telegram

Greek
Doganis, Theodore: 1905, Vradyni Ateena

Latvian
Baltkajis, Viktors Rits: 1908, Briva Zeme
Kagis, Irikis (Henri): 1902, Janaukas Zinas
Kalninš, Bruno: 1899, Lietuvos Zinios

New Zealand
Cox, Geoffrey Sandford: 1910, Daily Express

Norwegian
Aas, Oddvar: 1910, Arbeiderbladet, Arbeidernes Pressbyrå (Socialdemokraten)
Bellisön, Thorolf Magne:1909, Nordisk Presse Syndikat
Berset, Odd: 1913, Dagbladet, Sunmöörsposten, Bergene Tidning
Bjertnaes, Erik K.: 1916, Morgenposten
Borge-Asserud, Rolf: 1919, Fremtiden, Arbeidernes Pressekontor
Bödel, Sigurd: 1909, Dagen (missionary)
Böhn, Leif: 1909, Aftenposten
Fangen, Ronald: (Tidens Tegn) (author)
Fasmer, Hans Berent: 1875, Tidens Tegn, Bergens Tidende (industrialist)
Gjesdal, Tor: 1909, Arbeiderbladet, Soc.dem. Pressbyrå (Stockholm)
Hammer, Ruth: 1907, (photographer and lecturer)
Juve, Jorgen: Tidens Tegn
Kandahl, Torolv: 1899, Aftenposten
Mangs, Frank: 1897, (pastor)
Meinich-Bache, Abel Leo: 1915, Morgenposten,Dagsposten,Drammens Tidende
Munsterhjelm, Ida: F. 1889, Aftenposten,Stockholms-Tidningen ym.
Schübeler, Ludwig Christian: 1890, (mission vicar)
Sinding-Larson, Henning: Aftenposten
Svenneby, Arne:1913, Nationen, Ragnarök
Wyller, Anders P.: 1903, Tidens Tegn (professor)

Portuguese
de Freitas, Amadeu: 1904, Seculo

Polish
Berson, Jan Ottmar: 1903, Agence Telegraphique Polonnaise à Paris (PAT)

French
du Bief, Felix Andre: 1897, Le Matin
de Coquet, James: 1898, Le Figaro
Coulond, Lucien Marie: Le Journal, Gringoire
Danjou, Henri: 1897, Paris Soir
Foucault, Andre :1880, Candide
du Guerny, Yves Chassin: 1904, Havas, Le Temps
Hamre, Louis: 1892, Le Journal
Kessel, Georges: 1904, Match, Paris Soir
Rieffel, Robert: 1913, Havas
Valery, Bernard: 1914, Paris Soir, Paris Midi, Match
Zucca, Andre: 1897, Match (photographer)

Rumanian
Marinescu, Cezar: 1897, Rador

Swedish
(Albihn-)Dassel, Karin: 1912, Veckojournalen (photographer)
Almstedt, Gunnar: 1903, Västmanlands Länstidning ym.
Alving, Barbro: 1909, Dagens Nyheter (pen name Bang)
Andersson, Kurt: 1907, Social-Demokraten
Attorps, Karl Gösta Bruno: Svenska Dagbladet (Ph.D., author)
Aurén, Sven Anders G.: Nya Dagligt Allehanda, (pen name Griggs)
Axelsson, Georg: 1898, New York Times
Axelsson, Ingvar: 1904, Nya Dagligt Allehanda
Backlund, Sven: 1889, Representantive for Swed. Soc.Dem. newspapers in Geneva and Paris
Bardack, Sven Herman: 1895, Paramount (cameraman)
Beer, Allan: 1916, Stockholms-Tidningen
Björnberg, Signe: 1896: Ahlen & Åkerlund och Veckopressen (author)
Boge, Gustaf Adolf Alexander: 1891, A.B. Svensk Filmindustri
Braathen, Alma: 1906, Dagens Nyheter
Byström, Dan: Aftonbladet
Carlsson, Folke: Pressens Bild A.B.
Eidmark. Henry: 1897, Folket i Bild (photographer)
Ekman, Olof: Europa-Filmen
Elgström, Anna-Lenah: 1884, Veckojournalen (author)
Enblom, Anders: 1908, Dagens Nyheter, Stockholms läns och Södertälje Tidning
Enström, Hans Emil: Bergelagsposten (photographer)
Ericson, Erik Olof Gillis: Göteborgsposten, 16 provincial newspapers
Ericsson, John Gunnar: 1910, Östersundsposten
Flood, Per Olof: Arme och Marinfilm, Stockholm
Floodqvist, Hans Joachim: 1912, Ahlen & Åkerlund (photographer)
Fors-Bergström, Einar: 1891, Svenska Dagbladet, working for the Finn. Gov.
Forsberg, Sven: Dagens Nyheter (photographer)
Frösell, Gunnar: 1899, Aftonbladet
Grönwall, Olof Richard Alexis: 1914, Aftonbladet
Gullera, Karl Werner: 1916, Se, Black Star (New York)
Gunnarsson, Gunnar: 1907, Dagens Nyheter
Göth, Stig Arne: Rotogravyr (?)
Hammar, Karl Anders: 1903, Paramount
Hansson, Sven Edward: 1905, Sydsvenska Dagbladet, Göteborgsposten
Hedström, Karl Olof Hilding: 1901, Stockholms-Tidningen
Hillgren, K. Erik: Idrottsbladet, Sport och Kultur, G.H.T.
Holmqvist, Nils Gustav: 1909, Text och Bilder
Holmström, Arne: 1912, Frihet
Horney, Nils: Social-Demokraten
Jennes, Elly Maria: 1907
Jerring, Sven Alfred: 1895, Sveriges Radio
Jäder, Astrid Charlotta: 1896, Svenska Morgonbladet
Kellgren, Nils: 1915, Stockholms Extrablad (M.A.)
Kjell, Ture: 1901, Tidningarnas Telegrambyrå (TT)
Kristofferson, Karl Gustav: 1918, Se, Associated Press (AP) (photographer)
Larson, Elsie: 1919, Stockholms-Tidningen
Landin, Sven: 1915, Ny Dag
Lilliehöök, Gustav Malcolm: 1884, radio commentator for the Swed. army
Lindgren, Emil Gustav Wilhelm: 1900, Norbottens Kurir
Ljungström, Astrid Hulda Viola: 1905, Svenska Dagbladet
Lundberg, Gunnar Oscar: 1900, Representantive for Swed. Soc. Dem. News Agency
Lunden, Gustaf: 1882, Elfsborgsläns Annonsblad (railway functionary)
Malmström, Erik: Dagens Nyheter
Melander, Paul: 1902, Se (photographer)
Meyerhöffer, Per-Axel: 1912, Text och Bilder (photographer)
Müllern, Gunnar: 1904, Aftonbladet
Nilsson-Tanner, Per: Östersundsposten
Nordemar, Olof Harry: 1914, GM. Filmo, Finland-Film
Nordh, Joel-Bernhard: Folket i Bild
Nycop, Carl-Adam: 1909, Se
Ollen, David: 1891, Svenska Dagbladet
Ollen, Olof: 1912, Svenska Morgonbladet
Olsson, Erik Hilbert: 1915, Förbundskamraten, H.S.B., Lärarinneförbundet, L.O.
Onne, Bertil: 1914, Social-Demokraten
Palme, Einar: Nya Dagligt Allehanda (cartoonist)
Palme, Knut Gustaf A.: (artist)
Pekonen, Aili: 1907, Stockholms-Tidningen
Persson Per 1916, Svenska Dagbladet
Persson-Rommerud (Sid Roland) 1915, Länstidningen (Östersund), Nya Norrland, Social-Demokraten, Västerbottens Folkblad
Petterson, Otto Bertil: Svenska Morgonbladet
Saastamoinen, Armas: North Sweden newspapers
Santensson, Maj: Husmodern
Selander, Sten Nils Edvard: Svenska Dagbladet (author)
Skjöld, Carl Hilding: 1899, Filmo, Folkrörelsernas Filmorganisation
Skoglund, Gunnar: 1899, A.B. Svensk Filmindustri
Stenbeck, Gustaf Folke: 1893, Director of Swedish Advertisers, Chief propagandist of Sw. volunteers
Stolpe, Sven: 1905, Tidens Tegn, Politiken, Svenska Morgonbladet, Veckojournalen ym., (Ph.D., author)
Stomberg, Sten: 1911, Svenska Dagbladet
Svalander, Agne: 1905, Frisksport, Göteborgsposten, Stockholms-Tidningen (pen name Windmark)
Svedlund, Gylfe: 1887, Stockholms-Tidningen, Fritzes Bokförlag
Söderberg, Sten: 1908, Nya Dagligt Allehanda
Söderlund, Oscar: 1892, Stockholms-Tidningen
Tegner, Torsten: Idrottsbladet
Thyllin, Henning: Östgöten
Thylin, Karl J.: 1898, (newspaper editor)
af Trolle, Elsa: 1886, Veckojournalen
Wennberg, Elin Birgitta: 1909, Aftonbladet
Wermelin, Per Gösta: 1909, Se
Wickbom, Tord Gustaf: Nya Dagligt Allehanda (M.A.)
Viksten, Isak: 1889, Nordens Frihet, Finlands-kommitten (author)
Wilhelmsson, Yngve: 1903, Göteborgs Morgonpost
Wiren, Ingeborg: Eskilstuna Kuriren
Wästberg, Erik: Veckojournalen
Örke, Nils: Stockholms-Tidningen

German
Borgmann Friedrich Wilhelm: 1897, Deutsche Wehr, Marine Rundschau, Wir und Welt
Boveri, Margret Antonie: 1900, Frankfurter Zeitung
Ege, Friedrich: 1899, Die Tat
Gramlich, Bernhard Jakob: 1909, Berliner Börsenzeitung, Europapress, Transozean
Haasemann, Hans: 1898, Nationalzeitung, Preussische Zeitung, Niedersächsische Tagezeitung,
Pressezentraldienst Berlin (Ph.D.)
Klingeberg, Werner: 1910, Deutsche Nachrichtenbureau (DNB). (physical educ. teacher, technical advisor of the International Olympic Committee)
Koester, Hans: 1912, Transozean, Europapress ym.
Roth, Franz: 1911, Associated Press (AP) (photographer)
Schönebeck, Axel: 1914, Münchener Neueste Nachrichte, Hamburger Fremdenblatt, Wstdeutscher Beobachter, Danziger Vorposten
v. Uexkull, erbert Gustaf (Gösta) Adolf:1909, ited Press (UP)
v. Zwehl,Otto:1894, Dutsche Nachrichtenbureau (DNB), German legation)

Swiss
Budry, Claude: Mission des Lieux de Geneve (photographer)
Debran, Isabella: 1875, Tribune de Geneve, Radio Fenille d'aira de Neuchatel
Hagenbuch, Hermann: (pen name Diviko) 1903, National-Zeitung (Red Cross specialist)
Karcevski, Serge: 1885, Dernières Nouvelles
Lindt, August Rudolf: 1905, Neue Zürcher Zeitung, Züricher Illustrierte
Lodygensky, Wladimir: 1917, Service de Presse anticommunistique
Mehlem, Max: 1901, Neue Zürcher Zeitung, Sport
Stauffer, Erwin Oscar: 1912, Berg & Heimat Film
Unger, Frida: 1899, Schweizer Illustrierte Zeitung
Unger, Hans: 1894, Journal de Geneve, Weltwoche
Werner, Paul: 1910, Die Weltwoche, Tribune de Geneve, St. Gallen Tageblatt
Zbinden, Carl: 1910, Peka-Film

Danish
Bast, Jorgen: 1894, Berlingske Tidende Boisen. Ingolf 1909, Minerva Film A/S
Börresen, Ingolf: 1912, Politiken (photographer)
Christensen, Johannes Theodor Christen: 1914, Minerva Film A/S
Christensen, Tage: 1903, Politiken
Christensen, Rich: Berlingske Tidende
Dührkop, Johannes: 1903, Jyllandsposten, Berlingske Tidende (painter)
Eskelund, Karl Johannes: 1918, Politiken, Exchange Telegraph
(Galling-),Ernst Paul: 1882
Gudme, Peter (de Hemmer): 1903, Nationaltidende
Hansen, (Vagn) Agne: 1914, Berlingske Tidende (photographer)
Hansen, Ernst Henry: Politiken (painter)
Hansen-Kvolsgaard, Hans: 1918, Den danske konservative provinspresse
Helweg, Halvdan: 1884
Hjeltholt Gunnar, Fyns Tidende
Holbech, Kai Gersdorff: 1901, Berlingske Tidende (photographer)
Irgens-Hansen, Svend: 1911, Skive Folkeblad
Juul, Ole Valdemar: 1918, Holbeks Amts Avis, Jydske Tidende
Kjelstrup, Olof T.: 1907, Berlingske Tidende (photographer)
Lunning, Ester: 1905, Aftonbladet
Moltke-Huitfeldt, Leon Nicolas Henri: 1899, Röda Kors Tidskrift, Das Neue Tagebuch
Munck, Ebbe Hans: 1905, Berlingske Tidende
Månsson, Walther: 1901, Berlingske Tidende (photographer)
Nielsen, Ove Carl: 1895, Socialdemokraten
Nielsen, Hakon: 1902, Billed-Bladet, Bilder, Se, Illustrated (photographer)
Nörgaard, Arne: 1903, Fyns Tidende
Ott-Knox. Saith Estrid: 1900, Politiken, Ryefelt Wichmann
Schwarz, Walter: 1891, Politiken
Wilquin, Svend: 1907, Dansk Film Co, Universal Pictures, Polygoon
Zeltner, Knud Valdemar:

Hungarian
Andor, Leon Andreas: 1900, So'raj Ujsag, Intantia Press
Demaitre, Edmond Peter: 1906, Petit Parisien
Hortobagyi, Jänö: 1906, So'raj Ujsag
Kreutzer, Sandor: Hung. and Swed. papers
Laszlo, Berthold: 1882, Hung. papers
Lengyel, Janos: 1919, Magyar Hemzet, Pesti Hirlap (sports editor)
Lovacsy, Peter: 1915, Magyar Hemzet (forestry student)
Lovass, Janos (Jean): 1904, Uj Magyarsag, Pesti Ujsag
Nyiregyhazi, Theodor: 1916, Hung. papers
Racz, Stefan Paul: 1908, Nepszava
Simonyi, Mihaly: 1914, Uj Magyarsag, Esti Ujsag

Russian (emigré)
Karcevski, Serge: 1886, Nernieres Nouvelles (professor)
Monossohn-Schwarz, Salomon: 1883, Socialdemokraten, Populaire, Courrier Socialiste
Wartanoff, Boris: 1909. Je suis partout, Civilisation et Bolchevisme, Courrier de Geneve
Zenzinoff, Wladimir: 1890. Le Temps, La Nouvelle Russie

Newspaper attachés
Enesen, Mikael: Bulgarian legation (Rador)
Granberg, Gunnar (Dr): Swedish legation
Joly, Pierre: French legation (Havas)
Kenney, Kit: British legation
Kulai, Sandor: Hungarian legation (Esti Ujsag)
Metzger, Hans (Dr): German legation (DNB)
van den Pol, Nic: Dutch legation
Thomas, David: British legation
Viralt, Eric: Hungarian legation (Esti Kurir, Lloyd)

Finnish correspondents for foreign newspapers
Alfthan, Bertil von: Chicago Tribune, The Times (assisting R. G. Urch)
Angervo, V. August: Raivaaja, New York in Uutiset, Industrialisti, Päivälehti
Fager, Oswald: Faedrelandet
Fock, Eric:
Hällsten, Runar: Nord-Press
Itkonen, Veikko: Picture Post
Lavonius, Kari: Havas (in Rovaniemi)
Leppä, Åke: Lincoln, Carl Richard: International News Service (INS)
Mårtensson, Gunnar: Nya Dagligt Allehanda
Nyman, Carl: Daily Herald
Oranen, Lars Albin: Twentsch, Dagblad, Tubantia
Salminen, Sally: Husmodern (in Rovaniemi)
Sevelius, Sven: Svenska Morgonbladet
Sjöblom, Paul: Associated Press (AP)
Söderhjelm, Martin: Havas

As you can see, quite a few of them, from a wide range of different countries.

[CanKiwi2]

Mabel Thérèse Bonney: Free lancer, Finnish Government

Thérèse Bonney (born Mabel Bonney, Syracuse, New York, July 15, 1894 - Paris, France, January 15, 1978) was an American photographer and publicist. Bonney‘s family had lived in New York State for several generations. Her mother, Addie Robey, was a bookkeeper and her father, Anthony Leroy Bonney, was an electrician. Her sister Louise was born in 1889. The family moved to California circa 1903, living first in Sacramento and then in Oakland. The family made sacrifices to educate their daughters; Therese also contributed by tutoring students at her Oakland high school in French and Spanish to earn money. Bonney received a bachelor-of-arts degree from the University of California, Berkeley, in 1916 and it was at this point in her life that she stopped using Mabel and began going by Therese. After graduation, she made the move back east alone, attending graduate school first at Radcliffe College in Cambridge, Massachusetts where she earned a Master’s Degree in Romance Languages and then at Columbia University to prepare for her Ph.D. Bonney obtained her first position with the Theatre du Vieux Columbier, on tour in North America. When Louise joined her sister, the two opened a French theater bookshop while Therese doubled as the official English translator of Sarah Bernhardt’s repertory.

At the first opportunity, months after war in Europe ended, Bonney was en route to France as a representative of the American Association of Colleges to set up a student exchange program. She settled in Paris and studied at the Sorbonne from 1918–19, publishing a thesis on the moral ideas in the theater of Alexandre Dumas, père, receiving a docteur-des-lettres degree in 1921 after passing her exam with the highest honors, and thus became the youngest person, the fourth woman, and the tenth American of either sex to receive the degree from the institution. She was also the first American to receive a scholarship from the Sorbonne. After her graduation she was awarded multiple scholastic honors, including the Horatio Stebbins Scholarship, The Belknap, Baudrillart, Billy Fellowships, and later (in 1936) the Carl Schurz Memorial Foundation Oberländer grant in order to study Germany's contributions to the history of photography.

Even though she had initially wanted to be an academic, her experiences in Europe caused her to change her plans. It was also now her goal to help develop cultural relations between the United States and France. In the years following her graduate studies she helped to establish the Red Cross' correspondence exchange between the children of Europe and the children of the United States. She also traveled throughout all of Europe lecturing and helping to organize Junior Red Cross groups in other countries. It was also during this time that Bonney became interested in journalism and the power of the media. She had assimilated herself deeply into French society and, based in Paris as she was, she soon became a correspondent for newspapers in the U.S., Britain, and France, taking up photography to provide her own illustrations. From 1923-1928, she served as Paris fashion editor for the New York Times.


Image sourced from: http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_zp6YgZPHXOI/T ... ibrary.jpg
The studio apartment of graphic artist Jean Carlu was an early example of Bonney’s work, displaying her ability to encapsulate several trends in one shot.

Her signature achievement was the creation of the Bonney Service (1923), the first American illustrated press service, specializing in design and architecture, eventually supplying 350+ photos a month for publication in more than 20 countries. When Bonney had to hire additional photographers, rumors began to circulate that she couldn't do her own work. She was also criticized for promoting her own work. From ca. 1925, she thoroughly documented the French decorative arts through photography. An ardent self-publicist, Bonney acquired the images directly from the Salon exhibitions, stores, manufacturers, architects, and designers of furniture, ceramics, jewelry, and other applied art as well as architecture. However, at this time, most of the photographs were not taken by Bonney herself, but rather she gathered them from sources such as other photographers, photo agencies (such as Charles Chusseau-Flaviens, architects, designers, stores, and various establishments. She sold the photographic prints to various client-subscribers primarily in the U.S. (a small-effort precursor to today's illustrated news agency) and charged fees for reproduction rights in a more traditional manner. She typed captions and glued them to the backs of the photographic prints. Her own photographs as well as those of others, sometimes used without permissions, were widely published — both with and without published credits.


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Bonney used her position to disseminate what she considered the best modern design. Consider the architect Robert Mallet-Stevens (1886-1945) whose work was equally influential during the interwar years as that of Le Corbusier. Founder of La gazette des 7 Arts in 1924, his total design work in the rue Mallet-Stevens, including a villa for the design duo of Jan and Joel Martel compares more than favorably with the bleak urbanism of Le Corbusier. Unfortunately, for his posthumous reputation, Mallet-Stevens ordered that his papers be burned after his death while his rival promoted the myth of Le Corbusier, the prophet of modern design. (That's Joel Martel photographed in front of Villa Martel. The cat in the photo below at the building’s entrance remains anonymous.)


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The cat in the photo below at the building’s entrance remains anonymous.

A tireless promoter of modern design, Bonney arranged an exhibition of Modern French Decorative Art at Lord & Taylor in New York (1928) and several traveling exhibitions that appeared at the Metropolitan Museum and the National Gallery in Washington, D.C. In 1929 Therese Bonney added writing books to her list of accomplishments, writing a series of guidebooks which she prepared in collaboration with her sister Louise Bonney. These books included such titles as Buying Antique and Modern Furniture in Paris, A Shopping Guide to Paris and a Guide to the Restaurants of Paris. She also beat Julia Child by decades with her book French Cooking for American Kitchens. About her native country, Bonney wrote: “our furniture and our homes are of the past.” She was well-placed to know: Paris in the inter-war years incubated almost every significant design trend of the 20th century. Bonney was also a sought after model. She was "acclaimed as the most perfect da Vinci model in the world." (Syracuse Herald) and modeled for artists in France and Spain. She also attended the 1930 "Stockholmsutstäliningen" (Stockholm Exhibition) and gathered photographs there and, while in the Netherlands, collected images of contemporary Dutch architecture.

In 1932, an exhibition of photographs from her personal collection was displayed at the George Petit gallery in Paris under the title "Gay Nineties". It later made its way to New York, along with various other Midwestern American cities. This exhibition showed the lives of all classes of people around Europe, but most notably the royalty. It was noted as an important collection preserving elements of the social history of Edwardian Europe, providing, among other things, a record of Victorian fashion. It brought Bonney a great deal of notice. After her tour ended in 1933 the exhibition was published as "Remember When". Her exhibition had made Bonney a well known figure in the art community in America. In 1935 she took a position as the director of a gallery of French art in Rockefeller Center. She took the job because she felt it was another way for her to foster better cultural relations between France and America. At this time Bonney was becoming upset with the poor quality and lack of dramatic content in the pictures which her agency's photographers were bringing to her. She decided that if she wanted it done her way she would have to do it herself and promptly set off to take photographs herself.

In 1939 Bonney finally took the world stage in photography to become a truly prominent photo journalist. Her first work was a “behind the scenes look at The Vatican". While many other journalists at this time were in the Balkans or elsewhere in Europe, Bonney went to Finland intending to photograph preparations for the Olympics. She was in Finland when the Russians invaded and stayed for the early part of the Winter War working as a photojournalist, with many of her images focusing on the impact of the war on civilians. Her photo documentation of the Russo-Finnish war gained world wide recognition and was recognized at the time by the Finnish government and people, being awarded the Order of the White Rose of Finland.


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Therese Bonney with the Finnish Army in early 1940. Note the Pentax Camera (note also the medal that Bonney has pinned on her jacket)


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Kvinna med barn i Finland ca 1940. Fotograf: Thérèse Bonney. Svartvitt foto, u å. Museiverket Helsingfors / Woman with child in Finland, approx 1940. Photographer: Thérèse Bonney. Black and white photo, National Board of Antiquities, Helsinki


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Therese Bonney – “The Day Peace Came to Finland” – from the 1940 exhibition, “Those to Whom Wars Are Done”

Bonney left Scandinavia in 1940, just before the Nazi invasion of Norway. She returned to France and began working with the American Red Cross and with the American Friends of France. When the war came to France she took up post on the Franco-Belgian border and assisted with the evacuation of refugees until the situation in the region became too intense and she fled back to Paris. In June of 1940 she was appointed the official photographer of the military headquarters of the French army and was given full privileges in the war zone. She was the only foreign journalist at the Battle of the Meuse, and is credited with creating the most complete photographic record of the Battle of France in existence. She retreated with the French Army and then left for America. Her exhibition “Those to Whom Wars Are Done,” showing the impact which the war was having on the common people in Europe, appeared at the Library of Congress in 1940, followed by “War Comes to the People” at the Museum of Modern Art. For her efforts, the French government awarded Bonney the Croix de Guerre in May 1941 and later the Legion d’Honneur.

Due to the emotional impact that these pictures had on the people in America and their value as primary historical documents, the Carnegie Corporation of New York gave her a grant so that she might return to Europe to photograph the civilian population and illustrate the effects of the war on the innocent. In February 1941 she made her way back to Europe, making her way first through Portugal and Spain where she found that the aftermath of the Spanish Civil War had brought starvation. Bonney moved on to unoccupied France and once again took up her efforts with the Red Cross' relief efforts. From 1941 through 1942 she continued taking pictures throughout Europe along with assisting the Red Cross, and in October of 1943 an exhibit was set up for the benefit of the Coordinating Council of French Relief Societies Inc. showcasing pictures that would soon become the content of her most famous book, “Europe's Children”. Ten different publishers turned it down so Bonney published it herself. When the initial stock of two thousand copies sold out, Duell, Sloan and Pearce picked it up for publication. Upon her return home in the United States she was asked by reporters what she wanted to do next. To this she responded that she would like to go to Africa to photograph more wars. Bonney would not get this opportunity. However, she would find wars to photograph again, returning to Finland in early 1944 where she followed the Finnish/Polish/Allied Army southwards through the Baltic States and into Poland. The end result would several photo-essays and Bonney becoming the subject of the 1944 True Comics issue, "Photofighter."


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“Photofighter” – Therese Bonney

Toward the end of her life, Bonney donated her estate of furniture to her alma mater in Berkeley, California, and photographs and negatives — many of which were duplicates of one another — to a number of other institutions in the U.S. and France. In France, approximately 3,000 of her existing negatives are part of the collection of the Caisse Nationale des Monuments Historique et des Sites (CHMHS), formerly stored in Paris and today in St. Cloud. (In 2000, the CHMHS became the Centre des monuments nationaux [CMN]). The CHMHS archive has been digitally copied to save the images, due to the deteriorating negatives. Approximately 2,000 negatives and 1,500 prints are a part of the collection of the Bibliothèque historique de la ville de Paris and 3,000 negatives exist in the Fort de Saint-Cyr, Montigny-le-Bretonneux (Yvelines). In the U.S., approximately 4,000 vintage photographic prints were donated to the Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum in New York City. Her extensive collection of World War II photographs, photographic portraits of designers and architects, paintings by 20th-century artists, and her furniture (including examples by Pierre Chareau) was donated to the library of University of California, Berkeley.

Some 6,200 photographs are held by the Photography Collection of the New York Public Library, including large numbers of images from Finland and the Winter War. The CNMHS and the Cooper-Hewitt collections are accessible; the University of California's is not.

Therese Bonney died at the age of 83 on January 23, 1978 in an American hospital in Paris.

And a couple of questions.

Is that medal she's wearing in the photo the White Rose?

Is there any Finnish record regarding Bonney's work during the Winter War?

And is there a Finnish online respository / museum with any of her photos from the Winter War? The Photography Collection of the New York Public Library has a catalogue online with a lot of her photos from Finland listed but the photos themselves have not been digitised and are not available.

[CanKiwi2]

Giles Samuel Romilly, Daily Express

Giles Samuel Bertram Romilly, (September 19, 1916 – August 2, 1967), was a journalist, Nazi POW and nephew of Winston Churchill (his mother Nellie was the sister of Winston Churchill’s wife, Clementine). Romilly was born in Huntingdon Park in Herefordshire, the son of Colonel Bertram Romilly, a soldier with a distinguished record in World War I and governor of Galilee in 1919–20, when the country was under British military government, before it came under the British Mandate of Palestine. Giles was educated at Wellington College where he and his brother Esmond refused to join the Officers' Training Corps, distributed communist and pacifist leaflets in the school and began publishing a left-wing journal, “Out of Bounds: Public Schools' Journal Against Fascism, Militarism and Reaction”. In the first issue Romilly stated that the journal would "openly champion the forces of progress against the forces of progress against the forces of reaction on every front, from compulsory military training to propagandist teaching." The journal soon had a circulation of over 3,000 copies.

In 1934 the Daily Mail wrote an article about the activities of the Romilly brothers under the headline: "Red Menace in Public Schools! Moscow Attempts to Corrupt Boys". Soon afterwards the two brothers ran away from school. Esmond went to work for a Communist bookshop in London. He also established a centre for other boys who had run away or had been expelled from public schools. Esmond was was eventually arrested and after his mother had told the judge that he was uncontrollable, he was sentenced to a six-week term in a Remand Home for delinquent boys. On his release, Giles and Esmond wrote and published a book about the experience, Out of Bounds: The Education of Giles and Esmond Romilly (1935).The book received good reviews and the Observer commented on its "considerable intelligence, modesty, and tolerance, a series of clear, humorous, and lively pictures of schools, boys, masters and parents".


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Esmond Marcus Romilly and Giles Samuel Bertram Romilly, 1934, London (National Portrait Gallery)


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Giles Samuel Bertram Romilly aged 18 years, Photo by Howard Coster, 1934, National Portrait Gallery, London

Esmond moved to London, working in a communist bookshop and founding a centre for other boys who had "escaped" from public schools. His activities at such a young age, of turning his back on class privilege so ostentatiously, won the attention of the newspapers, eager to report on the doings of Winston Churchill's "red nephew". As the political situation across Europe continued to polarise, Romilly's anti-fascism clashed increasingly with his pacifism. The outbreak of Spanish Civil War decided him. He bicycled to Marseille and joined the International Brigades, where he and other British volunteers were thrown into the defence of Madrid as a machine-gun section with the German Thaelmann Battalion. Almost all his companions were killed; he was invalided out with dysentery, and sent back to Britain to recover.
While recuperating, he met and fell in love with his second cousin, Jessica Mitford (“Decca”), all the more ardent an anti-fascist for her elder sisters' strong Nazi sympathies (Diana married Oswald Mosley, leader of the British Union of Fascists, and Unity was a friend of Adolf Hitler). He had an offer from the News Chronicle to return to Spain as their correspondent and she accompanied him. Their grand scheme was soon exposed and newspaper readers familiar with headlines describing Esmond as "Churchill's Red Nephew" now found a tasty bit of scandal added to the tale, as editor's speculated on the whereabouts of Esmond and Jessica, a peer's daughter. A Royal Navy destroyer was supposedly sent at the request of Anthony Eden, the Foreign Minister, to fetch her, but Decca loudly refused to leave Esmond's side. Esmond Romilly and Jessica Mitford, both 19, married in Bayonne, France, on 18 May 1937.


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Esmond Romilly and Jessica Mitford in Bayonne, France, May 1937

They returned to Britain, where Romilly joined the Labour Party and lived in the East End of London, then a poor working-class district. Their first daughter was born there, and died a few months later in a measles epidemic after which Esmond and Jessica moved to the United States, where Romilly picked up a variety of odd jobs: selling silk stockings door to door and setting up a bar in Miami. When Britain declared war on Germany in September 1939 Romilly travelled to Canada to volunteer. He served in the Royal Canadian Air Force and was shot down over the North Sea in 1941 after a bombing raid over Nazi Germany. He was 23 years old when he died. Jessica Mitford refused to accept that he was dead for a considerable period of time.


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Esmond Romilly and Jessica “Decca” Mitford: “Decca makes a joke of everything, but she can be terribly arrogant and upper class and just freeze the marrow of people's bones when she wants to.” The account of their meeting and life together is well told in Decca's own book, “Daughters and Rebels”.

By contrast, Giles was rather more conservative (if that’s the right word) and went on to study at Oxford University. He cut short his study at Oxford to travel to Spain (the backcover to a book he wrote states that he fought in the Spanish Civil War) as a war correspondent in the Spanish Civil War over 1936 and 1937. He went to Spain with a friend, T. A. R. Hyndman and apparently fought at Brunete with the International Brigades. His experiences n Spain are described with some exaggerations and distortions in “Flannelled Fool: A Lice of Life in the Thirties” (1967) by T C Worsley. Worsley had been Romilly’s teacher at Wellington College. From 1938 he was the Daily Express correspondent in Stockholm and from there he went to Finland to cover the Winter War.


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News article by Giles Romilly, Special Correspondent of the “Daily Express” as printed in “The Argus”, Melbourne, 13 March 1940

Romilly was captured in May 1940 in the Norwegian town of Narvik while reporting for the Daily Express. In his book, “The Privileged Nightmare”, he writes that he had been in Stockholm when his editor asked him to travel to Narvik to cover the British intervention in Norway. He travelled there by train and was in Narvik when the Germans invaded. He was captured and transferred to Germany – apparently by seaplane as per the following newspaper report.


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News report on Gile Romilly from “The Straits Times,” 4 June 1940, Page 3

Romilly was the first German prisoner to be classified as Prominente, prisoners regarded by Adolf Hitler to be of great value due to their relationships to prominent Allied political figures. Because of his importance to Hitler, Romilly was imprisoned in Oflag IV-C (Colditz Castle), from where escape was perceived to be almost impossible. Whilst at Colditz, Romilly lived in (relative) luxury with the other Prominente who would later join him, although they were all watched 24 hours a day in case they should attempt to escape. Romilly used this position to his advantage and caused trouble by issuing complaints at every conceivable annoyance. Amongst the list, he took offence to the noise created by the boots of his guard outside his door, preventing him from sleeping. Following a visit from the Red Cross, a red carpet was placed outside his door to dull the sound.


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Giles Romilly at Colditz

Romilly did successfully escape however, whilst the Prominente were staying at "Oflag VII-D" Tittmoning Castle. The camp was home to some Dutch officers amongst whom was captain Machiel van den Heuvel, "Vandy". Romilly and Vandy knew each other from their Colditz time where Vandy was the Dutch escape officer. Vandy was transferred to Tittmoning because of his leading role as escape officer and the Germans thought he could do no more harm in Tittmoning where most prisoners were older officers of general rank. Vandy however had his next escape plan ready and together with two Dutch officers, Romilly abseiled down the castle walls. The remainder of the Prominente hid in the castle in hopes of conveying the impression that they had all escaped. After four days they were all discovered. Romilly, in spite of the 3,000 men that were searching for him, succeeded in reaching the Allied lines. This was due mainly to the gallant action of lieutenant Andre Tieleman, a Dutch officer who was fluent in German and French. With their false identity papers identifying them as French (forced) labourers they managed to escape. When interrogated by German officials, Lt Tieleman did the talking while Romilly pretended to be deaf and dumb. In this way they managed to escape.

After the war Romilly returned to journalism. In 1952 he wrote the memoir “The Privileged Nightmare”, later reissued as Hostages at Colditz, with fellow Prominente Michael Alexander (whom he shared a room with), who had earned the status by falsely claiming to be a relative of Field Marshal Harold Alexander. He died in Berkeley, California in 1967 of a tranquilliser overdose. He was in the process of researching a book on the American novel at the time.