Wehrmacht Units Implicated in War Crimes

[David Thompson]

As an aid to researchers, this is the first in a series of "stickys" which will group war crimes allegations by unit or administrative office. This "sticky" will deal with Wehrmacht units implicated in war crimes.

The JuNSV website lists West German war crimes trials by the defendants' unit or agency in German at:

http://www1.jur.uva.nl/junsv/brd/Dienstdeufr.htm

and in English [partial translations only] at:

http://www1.jur.uva.nl/junsv/brd/Dienstengfr.htm

The East German war crimes trials are organized the same way. They may be found at:

http://www1.jur.uva.nl/junsv/ddr/ddrdienststfr.htm

This allows one to view the Wehrmacht units whose members were tried in postwar German courts for war crimes. Off to the side of the unit are the case numbers of the trials involving that unit. One only has to click on the case number to get the details on the case. For all German trials, here's the list of Wehrmacht units:

West German Trials
http://www1.jur.uva.nl/junsv/brd/Dienstdeufr.htm

Wehrmacht
Sonderbeauftragter des OKW 078, 208, 287
Wehrwirtschaftsinspektion Landw. Sonderführer Kopaigorod 800
Wehrwirtschaftsinspektion Landw. Sonderführer Tschudnow 445

Heer
- 7.Panzerdivision 481
- 78.Infanteriedivision 520
- 82.Armeekorps 492
- 133.Division 338
- 404.Infanteriedivision 408
- 407.Infanteriedivision 109
- Artillerieregiment 128 174
- Artillerieregiment 336 430
- Einheit Herold 178, 253
- Einsatzbataillon des Kampfkommandanten Kassel 195
- Eisenbahnpionierkompanie 622
- Ersatzbataillon 87 044
- Ersatzdivision 466 285
- Feldgendarmerie 280.Infanteriedivision 190
- Feldgendarmerie Feldkommandantur 810 715
- Feldgendarmerie Leinfelden 136
- Festungsbaustoffkolonne 007
- Flakartillerie-Schulen Braunschweig 168, 263
- Flakbatterie 4/625 248
- Gefangenenkompanie 157
- Geheime Feldpolizei Gruppe 507 809
- Genesenden-Ersatz-Bataillon Feldherrnhalle 004, 015
- Grenadierregiment Kreta 288
- Heeresgruppe G (Oberbefehlshaber) 060
- Heeresgruppe Mitte (Oberbefehlshaber) 452
- Heeresstandortverwaltung
Düren 027
Lüdenscheid 027
- Heeresstreife Düsseldorf 026, 112, 216
- Infanterieregiment 8 618
- Infanterieregiment 691 398, 429
- Infanterieregiment 727 565
- Jägerregiment 28 665
- Kampfgruppe Düsseldorf-Mitte 125
- Kampfkommandant
Brückenkopf Oppenheim-Nierstein 170, 371
Ingelheim 020, 169, 344
Kassel 198, 317
Lohr 105
Marktheidenfeld 085
Paderborn 364
Schwäbisch Gmünd 038
- Kommandanturstab der Auffanglinie IV 210
- Kommandoführer eines Häftlingszuges 197
- Kraftfahrpark Mannheim 203
- Kraftfahrzeuginstandsetzungskompanie 174 265
- Landesschützenbataillon 343
- Landesschützenbataillon 783 683
- Landesschützenbataillon Diez 133
- Nachrichtenregiment 598 459
- Offiziersreserve Regensburg 726
- Ortskommandant Hechtsheim 070
- Ortskommandant Paulusbrunn 305
- Panzergrenadierregiment 29 914
- Panzergrenadierregiment 156 568
- Panzerjagdeinheit des Generalkommandos XI.AK 077
- Panzerkampfgruppe XIII 083
- Panzernachrichtenregiment 4 574
- Sanitätskompanie 1560 028
- Standortältester Ochsenfurt 255
- Turk-Völkische Führerschule 536
- Wehrmachtsstreifendienst Berlin 035
- Werferregiment 22 078, 208, 287, 426
- Einheit unbekannt 052, 108, 952

Luftwaffe
- 6.Fluganwärterkompanie 639
- 36.Volksgrenadierdivision 348
- Abwicklungskommando eines Luftgaues 058
- Fliegerhorst
Borstel 087
Elbing 306
- Gruppenkommandeur eines Nachtjagdgeschwaders 242
- Inspekteur des ostvölkischen Personals der Luftwaffe Lehrstab (Flieg) 548
- Kampfkommandant Ansbach 010, 029
- Kommandant einer Fallschirmjägereinheit 280
- Kriegsberichtereinheit 210
- Lufttransportführer 3 Kampffliegergeschwader 4 008, 031/1
- Verbandsführerschule in Katterbach 472

Marine
- Blockadebrecher 'Rio Grande' 623
- Bordflakeinheit des Tankers 'Adria' 013
- Fahnenflüchtiger 012
- Marine-Schützen-Rgt.112 410
- Marineattaché Botschaft Tokio 623

* * * * * * * * * *

East German Trials
http://www1.jur.uva.nl/junsv/ddr/ddrdienststfr.htm

WEHRMACHT
Abwehr 1101
Einheit unbekannt 1758

Wehrmacht - Heer
8.Jägerdivision 1310
141.Baubtl. 1081
339.Infanteriedivision 1072
923.Rgt. Strafbtl.12 2072

Artillerie-Einheit 1303
Artillerieregiment 328 1105
Artillerieregiment II/94 1314

Baubtl.257 1155
Bewährungsbtl.500 1108
Btl. Nachtigall 1087
Div. Brandenburg 1148
Einheit Bergmann 1087

Feldgendarmerie 1103, 1112, 1187, 1406, 1484
Feldgendarmerie Abt.221 2068
Feldgendarmerie Abt.5/41 2071
Feldgendarmerie Abt.b (mot.) 88 1071
Feldgendarmerie Abt.b (mot.) 415 1028, 1033, 1040

Festungsbtl. 1228

Flakeinheit 802 1113

Geheime Feldpolizei Gruppe 570 1018
Geheime Feldpolizei Gruppe 580 1019, 1022, 1034
Geheime Feldpolizei Gruppe 721 1025

I.Panzerjagdkompanie Schwalbe 1342

Inf.Ersatz- und Ausbildungsbtl.71 1243
Inf.Rgt.2 2066
Inf.Rgt.89 1130
Inf.Rgt.172 1140
Inf.Rgt.185 13.Komp. 1177
Inf.Rgt.202 1123
Inf.Rgt.385 1454
Infanterieeinheit 1299

Kampfgruppe Ludwig in Zschaiten 1707
Kfz.-Instandsetzungskomp. 1122

Landesschützenbtl. 1146, 1247
Landesschützenbtl. Zwickau 1366
Landesschützenbtl.397 1456
Landesschützenbtl.650 1112
Landesschützenbtl.821 1093

Nebelwerferrgt.52 1069
Reservelazarett III in Krakau 1689
Sicherungsbtl.335 1088
Stabskompanie Wallmeisterschule in Sternberg/Neumark 1409
Strafbtl.999 1085, 1277, 1375, 1575
Einheit unbekannt 1110, 1114, 1126, 1134, 1143, 1192, 1232, 1456, 1497, 1582, 1631, 1639, 1755, 2055

Wehrmacht - Luftwaffe
Fallschirmjägerkompanie 1751
Feldgendarmerie der 2.Luftwaffenfelddivision 1021
Flakeinheit 1185
Panzergrenadierdivision Hermann Göring 1255
Einheit unbekannt 1186, 1226, 1234, 1349

Wehrmacht - Marine
Bordflakeinheit des Tankers 'Adria' 1211
Hafenschutzbatterie in Korsör 1667
Kristiansand 1490
Oslo 1543
Sonderabteilung Hela 1244, 1251
Sonderabteilung Stralsund 1251

[Marcus Wendel]

If you have any facts about warcrimes associated with Wehrmacht (not Waffen-SS) units (trails, accusations in books etc), please post that info in this thread along with a source.

But please, this is a thread to post facts only, if you want to discuss anything mentioned in this thread, please start a new one to discuss it, thanks.

/Marcus

[David Thompson]

Here are some Wehrmacht units implicated in war crimes trials held by the Netherlands. The arrangement of these trials is very similar to that used for the German trials. The Netherlands trials can be found on the JuNSV website at:

http://www1.jur.uva.nl/junsv/NED/NL-Dienststfr.htm

Wehrmacht

Befehlshaber Niederlande NL017
Fahnenflüchtiger NL006, NL116
Feldgendarmerie Alkmaar NL071
Feldgendarmerie Amerongen NL201
Feldgendarmerie NL020, NL021, NL105, NL180
Geheime Feldpolizei NL121
Geheime Feldpolizei Utrecht NL221, NL223, NL230
Inselkommandant Voorne und Putten NL074
Ortskommandant Laren NL184
Wachzug des Chefintendanten NL048
Einheit unbekannt NL189

Kriegsmarine

NL204, NL228, NL229
Marinewerft Den Helder NL018

Luftwaffe NL211

Heer

Nachrichtenabt. NL011
Sanitätsabteilung (Oberfeldarzt) NL225
Einheit unbekannt NL005, NL013, NL015, NL051, NL162, NL165, NL193, NL208, NL217, NL240

[David Thompson]

For atrocities allegedly committed by German Army and SS mountain troops, see:

viewtopic.php?t=27886

[c.g.]

I would like to contribute to this thread with some notes on German Wehrmacht Mountain Troops and Anti-Partisan operations. Here we go:

I have been researching the degree of involvement of German military and Waffen-SS units in war crimes in Italy. From that standpoint I could say that the participation of mountain units in anti partisan actions and war crimes in Italy lied in Wehrmacht average. Single cases are well documented, mostly by original German reports (BA-MA, Freiburg) and British and American War Crimes Commissions Investigations (PRO, Kew, NARA, College Park). In the documents we find a large amount of executions of captured partisans, which, strictly speaking, by 1939-1945 standards can only rarely be considered war crimes or atrocities (of course they are to be considered murder if the killing is particularly cruel). Less frequently we encounter executions of unarmed civilians.
However numerous mountain units were involved in partisan warfare: 188th Reserve-Division in the Italian-Yugoslavian border area; 157th reserve-division in the Italian Western Alps, Haute Savoie and Dauphine; Hochgebirgsjäger Battalion 3 and 4 in Liguria, in the Western Alps and the Apennines; Lehrbatallion of the Hochgebirgsjäger school Mittenwald fought partisans over months. It carried out “tough” mopping-up actions in the Apennines between Bologna and Massa and in the area of Piacenza . So, according to 14th Army reports (BA-MA, RH 20-14) in the Lucca area: 13 July 1944, Focchia: „5 bandits were shot and their houses were burned. The population was made assist to the executions”; 15 July 1944, „Search of Montefegatesi: some bandits shot, one hung at the market place.. 84 men arrested and brought to Bagni di Lucca. After interrogation 30 bandits assessed (shot after detailed interrogations) the remnants were sent to compulsory labour service...“

Excesses during partisan warfare: Camerino, 24.06.1944, 59 civilians and partisan shot by Gebirgsjäger-Regiment 85 (5th Gebirgsdivision). This case was already made public in 1944 by the allied command in Italy. Fabriano, Collegiglioni, 21.-22.06.1944, probably also a 5th Gebirgs-Division massacre of civilians, however less well documented.
Near Cortona, in the locality San Leo Bastioni (Falzano) on the 27.6.1944: killing of 12 civilians after a partisan attack the day before : Gebirgs-Pionier-Btl. 818.

A murder case with an obvious racist background is the case reported by an Austrian Veteran in his book (Hans Burtscher, Die politisch Unzuverlässigen): in December 1944 a platoon of the Hochgebirgsjäger-Battalion 4 captured a little group of about 12 Afroamerican soldiers. By order of an officer they were forced to carry ammunition boxes for the soldiers. After a march the American soldiers were locked into a shed. Then the CO gave order to shoot into the shed two Panzerfaust rockets, thus killing the prisoners.

A few crimes perpetrated by mountain units were ascertained by the Allies during the war (British Investigation Reports in PRO): Sarsina-Case, Verrucchio (however questionably whether correct in this case) and Quota near Arezzo. It seems that about ten procedings against members or units of the Gebirgstruppe are or were pending in the recent past at the Italian military district attorney's offices:
3 in Turin: 5th Gebirgsdivision (2 against member of the Div.Staff), Santhià 52 killed on 29.-30. April 1945 (GJR 100);
3 in La Spezia;
2 [?] in Rome: Collelungo, Capistrello cases.

Among the German army units in Italy designated as „notable offender“ at the Nuremberg Trial is the 114th Jäger-Division: Filetto (22 civilians shot, the reprisal was known as the„case Defregger“, after the responsible CO who became a Catholic bishop in Munich in the 60es), Onna in Abruzzi, Gubbio in Umbria (40 civilians shot as a reprisal after partisans attacked 2 officers and killed one), Sansepolcro in Toscana (numerous shootings of civilians during august 1944), Villa (Madonna) Dell’Albero near Ravenna on the 27 November 1944, 56 women, children, old persons killed.

157th Reserve-Division in France: Haute Savoye: the mysterious killing of 28 French civilian in Terres Noires. They were forced to follow the troops as hostages during their withdrawal to Italy and were shot in the vicinity of the Petit-Saint-Bernhard Pass (the correctness of this assessment in regard to the perpetrators must however still be established).
The Division participate in all large-scale operations in Savoye. Many cases of killing of civilians by its units are recorded in the UNWCC files.

[c.g.]

I am posting here a list of Kriegsmarine units involved in antipartisan operations in Italy 1943-1945. The list is quite uncomplete since I am reporting only those units that are explicitly mentioned in original German documents from the Bundesarchiv.

Alarmeinheiten Deutsches Marine-Kommando Italien u. 4. Marine-Kraftwagen-Abteilung Lavarone
Hafenkapitän Imperia
Hafenkapitän Porto Garibaldi
Hafenkommandant San Remo
Jagdkommando Marine-Artillerie-Abteilung 616
Jagdkommando Marine-Artillerie-Abteilung 619
Jagdkommandos Hafenkommandant San Remo
Jagdkommandos Kommandant im Abschnitt La Spezia u. Marine-Artillerie-Batterie
Kampfgruppe 13. Sicherungsflottille
Marine-Abteilung Riviera
Marine-Artillerie-Abteilung 619
Marine-Bataillon San Remo
Marine-Bordflak-Abteilung 20
Marine-Bordflak-Kompanie italienische Riviera
Marine-Einsatz-Kommando 80 (Kampfgruppe Krumhaar)
Marine-Jagdkommando bei der Festungsbrigade 135
Marine-Jagdzug San Remo
Seeekommandant Adria-West
Stabskompanie des Seekommandanten ital. Riviera

[Lusankya]

http://www.verbrechen-der-wehrmacht.de (english version)

It is about the exhibition: Crimes of the German Wehrmacht: Dimensions of a War of Annihilation, 1941—1944 [Verbrechen der Wehrmacht. Dimensionen des Vernichtungskrieges 1941—1944]
It is very interesting, maybe you'd like to order the catalogue to get more informations, pictures and sources.

[attilio]

23 August 1943
Padule di Fucecchio (Florence-Italy)

26. Panzer Division (General of artillery Eduard Crasemann)

175 civilians (elderly, childs, women) killed by the soldiers of 26. Aufklarungs Abteilung (Captain Josef Strauch) and others units of the division (9. Pz Grenadier Reg.)

Craseman and Strauch sentenced in the post war to 5 and 2 years, lieutenant Tilmann (the main responsible for atrocities) never tried!

Source:Paoletti. La strage del 23 agosto 1944. Un'analisi comparata delle fonti angloamericane e tedesche sulle'ccidio del padule di Fucecchio. FNM, San Miniato 1994

see the link:
http://www.provincia.pistoia.it/CULTURA ... azione.htm

Best regards
Attilio

[ninoo]

Hi,

A. From avid Cesarani (ed.), The Final Solution: Origins and Implementation. London: Routledge, 1996.

-Jürgen Förster, “The Realtion Between Operation Barbarossa as an Ideological War of Extermination and the Final Solution”
1) 707th Infantry Div. in White Ruthenia shot 10,431 ‘captives’ in one month, out of total 10,940, while in combat with partisans the division suffered only 7 casualties, 2 dead and 5 wounded, among those ‘captives’ were former Soviet soldiers, escaped POWs and civillians arrested by mopping-up operations. (p. 95)
2) in Sabac, Serbia, the Army killed central European Jewish refugees, mostly Austrians, in retaliation for casualities inflicted by Serbian partisans on German Army. The killers mostly Austrian origin. (p. 96)
3) the commanders of the 6th, 11th, and 17th Armies—von Reichenau, von Manstein, and Hoth—called for the complete extermination of the Soviet machine war as well as the annihilation of the “Jewish-Bolshevik system”, thus open a collaboration of the Army and Einsatgruppen to murdered ‘the enemies of the Reich” (p. 97)

-Christian Streit, “Wehrmacht, Einsatzgruppen, Soviet POWs and Anti-Bolshevism in the Emergence of the Final Solution”.
1) OKH, apparently because pressure of General Reinecke—not the result of any direction of Hitler, permitted the selection of Jews among the Soviet POWs—thus open a way for Einsatzgruppen to liquidated them (p.109)

B. From Heinz Höhne, The Order of the Death’s Head. London: Pan Book, 1972.
1) in the Balkans, the partisan war turned the German military commanders into virtual accomplices of the ‘Final Solution’; the battle against the Serbian partisans was so savage that the liquidators felt safe in leaving the military to shoot the 20,000 Serbian Jews held as hostages…On Oct. 2nd 1941, for instance, a motorized column of 342 Inf. Div. was ambushed by partisan near Topola, thereupon Gen. Franz Böhme of the Mountain Troops, Commanding General in Serbia, had 2,100 Jews shot in reprisal. By the end of the month, the figure had risen to 5,000—all liquidated by the Wehrmacht. (p. 362)
2) in Greece….the Army was used to clear the Salonika ghetto, Jews were moved north-eastwards in Wehrmacht trans; the German ‘Admiral Aegean’ made shipping axailable to carry the last remaing Jews from Greek islands to the gas chambers. (p. 362)
3) the 17th Army (under FM Manstein) issued an order that when those responsible for act of sabotage could not be traced, Jews and particularly Jews Komsomol members, were to be shot (p. 339)
4) EG A reported that by December 1941 Army Group Center had liquidated 19,000 partisans and criminals, majority of them Jews (p. 339)
5) The Army in Russia even organized concentartion camps. As a defence against partisan attacks, the Commanding General of XXX Corps decreed that hostages should be taken and held in a concentartion camp. Inf. Reg. 124 maintained a concentration camp in Kutschuk Muskomja; Inf. Reg. 226 another in Warmutka and No. 72 AT Battalion yet another in Foros (p. 339)
6) The local Commander of Dzhankoy, fearing an epidemic among the Jews in the concentration camp for which he was responsible, asked EG D to liquidated all Jews in the camp; but the EG was short of personnel and required much persuasion before it was prepared to help the Field Secutiry Police to do his bidding. So persistent were some of the military in their demands for additional liquidations that Sturmbannführer Lindow exclaimed indignantly that the Gestapo was not, after all, “the Wehrmach’s hangman”. (p. 339)

C. From Rupert Butler, Legions of Death. Middlesex: Hamlyn Papeback, 1983
The Kragujevac military commander, Oberst Hankelmann, ordering his troops to punished the population as vengeance for Serbian partisan attack that left 10 German soldiers dead and 26 others seriously wounded. The official rate of reprisal was 100 Yugoslavs lives for each German killed and 50 for every soldier wounded. The full quato would have been 2,300. However, when the quote had been reached, Hankelmann ordered more killing. His reason was: “We might well have to do the same thing tommorow morning. Why not save ourselves the trouble of having to do it twice?”Thus, 6,000 Serbs were killed by his troops in one day. (p. 107-110)

and pictures of Wehrmacht crimes in Yugoslavia...
#hang 2# German soldiers hanging Yugoslavia hostages in Serbia
#radovna# German soldiers watching the Radovna village that they burned as reprisal

[David Thompson]

Thanks, ninoo, and a belated thanks to you as well, attilio. I'm sorry I missed your contribution when you first posted it

[Andreas]

Based on this book review in the FAZ War in the Wild East, the 221. Sicherungsdivision is implicated in war crimes committed during anti-partisan operations.

All the best

Andreas

[Andreas]

IR 377 of 225. ID committed the massacre at Vinkt in 1940:

http://www.vinkt.be/pages/home.html

http://www.go2war2.nl/artikel/619

Pictures:

http://www.cegesoma.be/pls/opac/opac.se ... b=1&dbnu=1

See also viewtopic.php?t=103798 for further sources.

All the best

Andreas

[Andreas]

Further information on the 707. ID here: viewtopic.php?t=21234

All the best

Andreas

[RTFREY]

I have just finished this book which may be of interest to the readers of this area. The title is THE GERMAN ARMY & GENOCIDE. ISBN 1-56584-525-0.

It contains 224 pages with hundreds of small photos mostly taken by the soldiers themselves while engaged in these activities.

A lot of the text is taken from letters home addressing their actions. Some are from official documents, directives etc.

The vast majority of these photos I have never seen anywhere and it's a real eye opener.

Bottom line is I have finished with it and if anyone is interested I'd be glad to pass it on for $10.00 plus postage by MEDIA MAIL of $4.00 in the US. ORIGINAL COST WAS $25.00.

It is in NEW CONDITION and is a softback 11 by 9 inches.

Email RFREY@SHENTEL.NET

[David Thompson]

On 2 October 1941, at a small village near Topola, a troop unit of the 521st Army Signal Regiment consisting of 2 officers and 45 men was ambushed from the cornfields along the road on which they were traveling. A few dead and wounded were found at the scene of the attack. In a small valley nearby, other dead soldiers were found. A survivor who escaped being killed by feigning death gave information that these men had been lined up and killed by the partisans by machine gun fire. The total casualties consisted of 22 dead, 3 wounded, and 15 or 16 missing. The incident was reported through regular channels to higher commanding officers.

On 4 October 1941, General Boehme issued an order of reprisal for the killing near Topola which was in part as follows (NOKW-192, Pros. Ex. 78) [Document reproduced in section VB.]:

"Twenty-one soldiers were tortured to death in a bestial manner on 2 October 1941 in a surprise attack on units of the signal regiment between Belgrade and Obrenovac. As reprisal and retaliation, 100 Serbian prisoners are to be shot at once for each murdered German soldier. The Chief of the Military Administration is requested to pick out 2100 inmates in the concentration camps Sabac and Belgrade (primarily Jews and Communists) and to fix the place and time as well as burial place. The detachments for the shooting are to be formed from the 342d Division (for the Sabac concentration Camp) and from the 449th Corps Signal Battalion (for the Belgrade concentration camp). * * *

On 9 October 1941, General Boehme informed the defendant List as follows [NOKW-1211, Pros. Ex. 79]:

"Execution by shooting of about 2000 Communists and Jews in reprisal for 22 murdered of the 2d Battalion of the 521st Army Signal Communication Regiment in progress."

Another report distributed to the 12th Army commanded by the defendant List stated 180 men were executed on 9 October 1941, and an additional 269 were executed on 11 October 1941. After the killing of the 449 men, the psychological effect upon the participating units was such that a transfer of the mission was made to another unit.

On 9 October 1941, the Chief of the Security Police and of the SD reports [NO-3156, Pros. Ex. 81]:

"In reprisal for the 21 German soldiers shot to death near Topola a few days ago 2100 Jews and gypsies are being executed. The execution is carried out by the German armed forces. The task of the Security Police is merely to make available the required number. Eight hundred and five Jews and gypsies are taken from the camp in Saba, the rest from the Jewish transit camp Belgrade." On 20 October 1941, the Chief of the Security Police and of the SD in Berlin reported to the Armed Forces Commander Southeast as follows [NO-3404, Pros. Ex. 82]: "In reprisal for 21 dead German army soldiers 2100 Jews from the Jewish camp were made available for execution by order of XVIII Corps Headquarters. The Wehrmacht is carrying out the execution."

On 21 October 1941, the Chief of the Security Police and the SD reported to the Armed Forces Commander Southeast in part as follows [NO-3402, Pros. Ex. 83]:

"After ruthless action by the troops was bound to fail up to the time of the employment of the Plenipotentiary Commanding General in Serbia because of the lack of corresponding orders Lieutenant General Boehme's order, according to which 100 Serbs will be executed for every soldier killed and 50 for ever soldier wounded, has established a completely clear-cut line for action. On the strength of this order, for instance, 2200 Serb and Jews were shot in reply to an attack on a convoy near Topola, during which 22 members of the Wehrmacht perished, while in return for the soldiers killed in the fight for Kraljevo so far 1736 inhabitants and 19 Communist women from Kraljevo have been executed."

NMT judgment against Field Marshal Wilhelm List, Trials of War Criminals Before the Nuernberg Military Tribunals vol. XI
viewtopic.php?p=489630#489630