Soviet infantry forces on 22.06.1941 consisted of 62 headquarters of infantry corps, 177 infantry divisions, 19 mountain infantry divisions, 2 motorized infantry divisions, 3 infantry brigades, 4 separate infantry regiments, 3 separate mountain infantry battalions, 95 separate machine gun-artillery battalions, 11 separate machine gun companies as the parts of fortified regions, small number of local infantry battalions and companies.
Infantry corps consisted of 2-3 infantry divisions each (34th corps had 5 divisions) + 1-2 corps artillery regiments (32 corps had 2 artillery regiments: heavy with 1250 men and usual with 900 men, the rest corps had 1 artillery regiment each) + 1 separate anti-aircraft squadron (24x76mm AA guns, 6 AA MGs) + separate battalions (pioneer and communications) + air communication squadron (16 airplanes, only several corps had it) + separate medical battalion. Special corps (defended Sakhalin-Kamchatka/Pacific, Eastland/Baltic, Crimea/Black Sea) had differ strength - 2 infantry divisions + 1 brigade or 2 infantry + 1 cavalry divisions.
Infantry divisions had the following strength on 22.06.1941: 21 division had 14.000 men, 72 divisions had 12.000 men, 6 divisions had 11.000 men (almost all were located in the western part of the country), the rest divisions had 5.000-8.000 men according to peace establishment, some divisions were at the organization stage. 125 new infantry divisions were formed 09.1939-06.1941, 3 divisions were formed from brigades.
Usual infantry divisions had HQ, 3 infantry regiments + 1 light artillery regiment + 1 howitzer artillery regiment + 1 separate anti-tank squadron (18 guns) + 1 separate anti-aircraft squadron (12 guns) + 1 gun park squadron + 1 separate reconnaissance battalion + 1 separate pioneer battalion + 1 separate communications battalion + 1 separate motor transport battalion or 1 separate tank battalion (54 tanks, Far-Eastern divisions only) + 1 separate motorized rifle battalion + 1 separate chemical defense company + 1 separate medical battalion.
Wat-time organization for infantry division - 14483 men, 16 light tanks, 13 light armored cars BA-20, 657 trucks and tractors, 3039 horses, 12x152mm howitzers, 32x122mm howitzers, 34x76mm guns, 54x45mm AT guns, 12x37-76mm AA guns, 12x120mm mortars, 54x82mm mortars, 84x50mm mortars, 174 heavy/medium machine-guns, 392 light machine-guns, 1204 submachine-guns, 10240 carbines and rifles.
Mountain infantry divisions had the similar strength with the following differences: 4 mountain infantry regiments instead of 3 infantry regiments, 1 cavalry squadron instead of 1 separate reconnaissance battalion and 1 separate motor transport company instead of 1 separate tank battalion, also 1 separate anti-tank battery (6 guns) instead of 1 anti-tank squadron.
War-time organization for mountain infantry division - 8829 men, 203 trucks and tractors, 3160 horses, 12x122mm howitzers, 56x76mm guns, 8x45nn AT guns, 12x37-76mm AA guns, 12x120mm mortars, 36x82mm mortars, 54x50mm mortars, 110 heavy/medium machine-guns, 314 light machine-guns, 788 submachine-guns, 6960 carbines and rifles.
Motorized infantry divisions had 2 motorized infantry regiments + 1 tank regiment + 1 recovery battalion + 1 light engineer battalion (402 men) instead of 1 pioneer battalion + all other units as infantry divisions had except 1 light artillery regiment (so motorized units had more trucks and less horses).
War-time organization for motorized infantry division - 11534 men, 275 light tanks, 21 medium armored cars BA-10, 30 light armored cars BA-20, 1715 trucks and tractors, 159 motorcycles, 12x152mm howitzers, 16x122mm howitzers, 12x76mm guns, 12x45nn AT guns, 12x37-76mm AA guns, 96x50mm mortars, etc.
Infantry brigades (defended Sakhalin/Pacific, Moonsund-Hango/Baltic) had 6.100 men each - they were equipped with 2 infantry regiments (instead of 3 as infantry divisions had) and 1 artillery regiment (instead of 2 as infantry divisions had), but one infantry brigade had 1 tank battalion even. All other brigade units were similar to division units - but brigades had anti-aircraft battery (4 guns) instead of anti-aircraft squadron, didn't have anti-tank units, had separate reconnaissance company instead of reconnaissance battalion, separate pioneer company instead of pioneer battalion, separate motor transport company instead of motor transport battalion and separate medical company instead of medical battalion.
Infantry regiments had 3182 men in HQ, 3 infantry battalions, 1 anti-tank battery (6x45mm AT guns), 1 mortar battery (4x120mm mortars), 1 anti-aircraft company (9 quadriplicate AA MGs), 1 artillery battery (4x76mm guns), 1 separate pioneer company, 1 separate communications company, 1 separate medical company, 2 reconnaissance platoons.
Infantry battalions had HQ, 3 rifle companies, 1 machine-gun company, 1 mortar company, 1 anti-tank platoon - 778 men, 2x45mm AT guns, 9x82mm mortars, 6x50mm mortars, 18 medium machine-guns, 36 light machine-guns, 86 submachine-guns, 562 carbimes and rifles.
Reconnaissance battalions of infantry divisions had HQ, 1 tank company, 1 armoured car company, 1 motorized rifle company, 1 cavalry squadron, 1 pioneer-crossing squad.
Infantry companies had 178 men, 2x50mm mortars, 4 medium machine-guns, 12 light machine-guns, 24 submachine-guns, 126 carbimes and rifles.
Separate machine-gun/artillery battalions and companies (as the parts of fortified regions) were in peace establishment mainly.
There were also battalions and companies for the guard of headquarters of military districts and armies.
Local infantry units for storehouses and bases guard had low-level equipment and readiness.
Wehrmacht infantry had somewhat better professional development and organization and much more better combat experience (especially in defence as Soviets used rifle pits/foxholes instead of trenches, wiring communication devices instead of radio communications mainly). Soviet infantry units were undermanned and had shortage in armament and equipment. Nevertheless, German infantry units used horses as widely as Soviets did and were not much more motorized as usually think (but better than Soviet units).
Soviet infantry units were equipped with field artillery better than Germans, with anti-tank artillery the same poor as German units (but Germans were equipped better with light AT guns and AT rifles still), with anti-aircraft artillery much more poor than Germans, with mortars the same good, with vehicles much more poor than Germans, with heavy/medium machine-guns the same good, with light machine-guns good but Germans were equipped with them better, with submachine-guns much more poor than Germans, with carbines and rifles (especially self-loading) better than Germans, with flame throwers much more poor than German units.
Soviet infantry units had 1.100 AT rifles of Rukavishnikov-type mod.1940, 2.000 heavy 12.7mm machine-guns DShK mod. 1938, 10.345 medium 7.62mm machine-guns DS-39 mod. 1939, 81.100 submachine-guns PPD-40 mod. 1940, 37.500 submachine-guns PPSh-41 mod. 1941, 65.800 automatic rifles AVS-36 mod. 1936 and 1.031.900 self-loading rifles SVT-40 mod. 1940. More obsolete weapon - medium machine-guns "Maxim" mod. 1910/30, light machine-guns DP mod. 1927, rifles of Mosin-type mod. 1891/30, carbines of Mosine-type mod. 1907/38, pistols TT mod. 1931 and revolvers "Nagant" mod. 1895/30 were in sufficient amounts as well as rifle grenade launchers of Diakonov-type, frag (F-1, RGD-33) and anti-tank (RPG-40) grenades.
Soviet infantry weapon (pistols, rifles, submachine-guns and machine-guns) were of a little bit better quality than Germans/small Axis had because of their reliability and simplicity. Soviet infantry field guns and mortars (especially modern models) were much better than small Axis countries and even Germany had.
Sources of the photos: http://www.nrs.com/aimages and http://battle.volgadmin.ru/front_foto
Any knowledgable comments, notes and comparisons with Axis forces are very welcome.