Crna Legija (Black Legion)

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Ivan Bajlo
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#16

Post by Ivan Bajlo » 19 Feb 2004, 14:09

Mark V. wrote:Any info on the joint operation between Francetic (Crna legija) and Koca Popovic (1st Proletar Brigade) to destroy the chetnik warlord Jezdimir Dangic in E Bosnia in 1942?
You mean the other way around???
http://www.vojska.net/ww2/battles/ozren/
http://www.vojska.net/ww2/battles/trio/

During 1942, Chetnik elements amongst Partisans carried out several coups during operation TRIO and effectively destroyed communist base in eastern Bosnia and signed pact with NDH authorities and entire area was pacified until after Operation Schwarz.

http://www.vojska.net/ww2/ndh/chetniks/chetniks-ndh.asp

Ustashe and communist never fought side by side (unless we count defectors).

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#17

Post by Ivan Bajlo » 19 Feb 2004, 14:20

Benoit Douville wrote:The 1st Ustasha Regiment was formed in September 1941 in Sarajevo


Anymore info about that fascinating Unit is welcome.
It seems 1st Ustasha Regiment aka Sarajevo Ustasha Regiment never existed as such.

There was ad hoc 1st Ustasha Regiment commanded by ustasha colonel Tomislav Rolf in Petrinja made up of 28 ustasha companies and for very short period 8 active battalions but it was quickly disbanded.

So we have very interesting organization of Ustasha Army in 1941:
http://www.vojska.net/ww2/ndh/ustasha/v ... b/1941.asp

Black Legion could hardly be called fascinating unit unless we count uniforms, early partisan formation would flee when Black Legion CV-33 tankettes appeared. :lol:

After Operation Schwarz successor of Black Legion 1st Active Service Brigade was decimated trying to prevent advance into eastern Bosnia of Tito's Main Operational Group made of now battle hardened proletarian division which were made of same brigades which use to run on sight of CV-33. :roll:


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#18

Post by Mark V. » 19 Feb 2004, 19:56

Hello Yoda :wink: !
Ivan Bajlo wrote: You mean the other way around???
No. :?
Ivan Bajlo wrote: Ustashe and communist never fought side by side (unless we count defectors).
According to the German documents and Mihajlovic this short lived devil's alliance did in fact exist.

Here's the story, in late fall 1941 Gendarmeriemajor Jezdimir Dangic united the various chetnik groups in E Bosnia (Romanija, Rogatica, Visegrad). This enabled him to establish a long-lasting base in the area. He quickly established contacts first with the Italians and later also with the Germans (Bader). It wasn't long before the Ustashe and the Partisans realized that he's a force to be reckoned with as was obvious with the enlargement of his territory to Rogatica, Visegrad, Foca, etc.; furthermore he was really becoming a nuisance to the partisans with his successful takeovers of partisan units in the area and thus hampering further development of partisan movement. In March 1942 the partisan HQ decided to finally settle the matter. They created a special unit from 1st and 2nd Proletarian Brigades under the command of Koca Popovic. The poorly equipped chetnicks couldn't withstand such a pressure and the first defeat was followed by a dissolvement of the chetnick groups. On 16th March Popovic captured Dangic's provisional HQ in Vlasenica.
Acting against German orders to occupy positions for the planned attack on Rogatica (TRIO), Crna legija moved northwards and attacked Dangic from W. According to Bader's 10-day report from 20 March 1942 (BA/MA, RL 21/218 Lageberichte vom 21.-30.3.1942 - see Schmider, K.: Partisanenkrieg in Jugoslawien) - this action was a result of a direct contact between partisan special group (Popovic) and Crna Legija. He describes the partisans and ustashe »fighting shoulder to shoulder« in a fully coordinated attack to destroy Dangic. The report also mentions two ustashe munition deliveries to partisans. Dangic is arrested by Germans (this was a direct order by Kuntze - who was like OKW and contrary to Bader -against the alliance with chetnicks) on 13 April and sent to a KZ on 17 April.

Lep pozdrav iz Ljubljane
Marko

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#19

Post by Ivan Bajlo » 19 Feb 2004, 21:14

Are you sure your German is good? :wink:

This is pretty odd info considering Klaus reviewed Jozo Tomasevich, War and Revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941-1945: Occupation and Collaboration, reviewed by Klaus Schmider, The Journal of Military History 67 (July 2003): 972-974.

I'm guessing he also read his previous book in which Jozo states that Bader and Nedic almost made agreement with Dangic of between January 30th and February 2nd in Belgrade which Kuntze prevented from becoming official.

Also according to Yugoslav historians Proletarian Assault Group fighting's with chetnik lasted 15 days starting on March 4th. I would hardly call it quick and easy victory over chetniks. Vlasenica was captured on March 10th with 200 chetniks joining partisans and from former "chetniks" in Vlasenica partisan detachment was formed.

At the end of March Black Legion attacked Vlasnica and newly formed detachment quickly denigrated.

Book seems to be published in 2002. Does it also mentions Neretva as joint German-Ustashe-Partisan operation against Chetniks and Sutjeska/Schwarz as German operation against Chetniks? :P

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#20

Post by Mark V. » 21 Feb 2004, 14:37

There's no need to be sarcastic :) .

Mihailovic's message to London (22 March 1942):
"The Communists disturb us constantly in our work. We have positive proof that the occupying forces are helping them in these disturbances because the latter are anxious that the two sides should be kept busy this Spring in a struggle against one another. In Bosnia they ally themselves with the Ustashe. Try to urge Moscow to direct them in the right direction." (Trew, S.: Britain, Mihailovic and the Chetnicks, 1941-42; pg.117)

And continued on pg.257

"The accusation of Partisan-Ustasha cooperation related to 'parallel actions' carried out against the Chetnik forces commanded by Major Jezdimir Dangic in east Bosnia. Dangic had travelled to east Bosnia in August 1941 in order to organise the Serb population against the Ustashe. He initially cooperated with the Partisans but on his own initiative maintained contacts with Nedic,
the Italians and later the Germans with a view to coming to some sort of arrangement whereby the Serb population would be protected from the Ustashe. Chetnik-Partisan relations gradually broke down from the end of November and in the spring the Partisans decided to destroy Dangic and his forces in order to use east Bosnia as a springboard for re-entering Serbia. In March both they and the Ustashe launched an attack on the Chetniks. Although the operations were independent, it appears that the Partisans and Ustashe did not fight one another, and the Germans came to believe that a non-aggression agreement existed between them. Whether or not this was the case, henceforth allegations of Partisan-Ustasha cooperation were to become amajor feature of Chetnik propaganda."
I'm guessing he also read his previous book in which Jozo states that Bader and Nedic almost made agreement with Dangic of between January 30th and February 2nd in Belgrade which Kuntze prevented from becoming official.
Don't see any direct link between Dangic&Bader&Kuntze affair and this story - but to save you the trouble of writing. Schmider covers the affair in detail.
This is pretty odd info considering Klaus reviewed Jozo Tomasevich, War and Revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941-1945: Occupation and Collaboration, reviewed by Klaus Schmider, The Journal of Military History 67 (July 2003): 972-974.
So what did he write in the review.

Maybe you've missed the point - Schmider used the German documents for the Ustashe&Partisan cooperation - and although he suspects these to have exaggerated the extent of the cooperation, it sounds really peculiar for both sides to start an offensive operation at about the same time. Where There's Smoke There's Fire.

cheers :)

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#21

Post by Ivan Bajlo » 21 Feb 2004, 22:14

Mark V. wrote:Maybe you've missed the point - Schmider used the German documents for the Ustashe&Partisan cooperation - and although he suspects these to have exaggerated the extent of the cooperation, it sounds really peculiar for both sides to start an offensive operation at about the same time. Where There's Smoke There's Fire.
I wouldn't take German documents as some sort of Bible which is 100% truth, I'm betting many of them are written so they support commanders point of view (ustashe bad, chetniks good - we should support them), not to mention after failure to of talks in Belgrade, Bader was probably searching opportunity for payback to Zagreb and his superiors. :wink:

Most famous reports are probably from SS Gruppenfuhrer Sauberzwieg, commander of 13th SS, who claimed from April 7th to June 15th that division killed 4526 partisans, 3766 probably killed and 1246 captured (including 6 US airman) while capturing only 825 rifles and 19 machine-guns. :roll:

I bet US officers in Vietnam envied his kill ratio. :lol:

His reports secured him promotion and made Himmler believe that he should form another Bosnian division. 8)

OTOH real partisan combat reports seem incredibly accurate when compared to post war fantasy stories and movies in which thousands of SS are getting killed by single machine-gun burst. :lol:
Last edited by Ivan Bajlo on 22 Feb 2004, 20:02, edited 1 time in total.

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#22

Post by Kralj Mattias » 21 Feb 2004, 23:18

Can ayone read what is written in this letter?
It is from Francetic to Pavelic
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#23

Post by Allen Milcic » 22 Feb 2004, 00:09

Kralj Mattias wrote:Can ayone read what is written in this letter?
It is from Francetic to Pavelic
The letter is actually the text of a telegram that Francetic is sending to Pavelic from Doboj (Bosnia). The upper part of the text is what Francetic wants the telegraph operator to send, the bottom part is the operator's confirmation of receipt.

The Francetic text reads:

"Poglavnik Dr. Ante Pavelic, Zagreb

Danas 27. kolovoza u tri sata i pedeset minuta sa ustasama i jednim vodom vojnika uspostavio promet Sarajevo Doboj stop

Vulin(?) ranjen stop

Za dom spremni
Francetic"

Poglavnik Dr. Ante Pavelic, Zagreb

Today 27 August at 3:50 am with ustasa and one platoon of soldiers established traffic connection Sarajevo to Doboj STOP

Vulin(?) wounded STOP

Standing ready for the Homeland
Francetic


The text by the telegraph operator reads:

"Predao brzoglasno u 1656 predstojniku postaje Lipljanica.

Doboj 27/VIII 41
Predst. postaje
(potpis)"

Received at 4:56 pm by the Station Supervisor of the Lipljanica station.

Doboj August 27, 1941
Stat. Supervisor
(signature)


Curious as to where you obtained this document?

AM

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#24

Post by Kralj Mattias » 22 Feb 2004, 00:38

Curious as to where you obtained this document?
A friend of mine sent it to me about a year ago. And i have had the document on my computer ever since, wondering what it actually said.

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Crna legija (1st Ustasha Active Brigade)

#25

Post by Klemen L. » 05 Mar 2004, 01:25

Hi!

Since I am often quoted on several websites as the author of the article about the Black Legion (Crna legija) which I had written about two years ago, I kinda felt obliged to write here my own corrigo errata about this unit with some new information that I have obtained in the meantime and which were unfortunately not on my disposal when I was writing the article. So here we go....

The Black Legion (Crna legija) was a popular nickname for the Sarajevo Ustasha Regiment, I. and V. Ustasha Active Service Brigade. The outfit was apparently formed on 15th June 1941 in Sarajevo. It received its nickname by the black uniforms that they had worn and which were made from a black cloth which was the only suitable cloth for uniforms that could be found in Sarajevo at that particular time. The Crna legija was formed by Captain Jure Francetic and Lieutenant Rafael Boban, both returnees from the Ustasha training camps in Central Italy. In many sources the name of Becir Lokmic appaears as one of the original co-founders of the Black Legion, but he was mortally wounded near Gornji Vakuf in July 1942 as a Lieutenant of the 2nd Company of the 1st Ustasha Active Service Battalion, so this story of him is unlikely or highly dubious at least.

Originally the Legion was made up of two battalions: I. Ustasha Active Service Battalion and Ustasha Preparatory Battalion of the City of Sarajevo. At the beginning of 1942 the two battalions were joined by the third battalion, the II. Ustasha Railway Battalion. By the end of 1942 the Legion saw extensive service in Eastern Bosnia and northwestern Herzegovina, particulary around Konjice, Ozren plateau and Sarajevo. In January and February of 1942 it took part in the Romanija and Ozren Operations in Eastern Bosnia. By the end of February 1942 it was, reinforced by a battalion of Vojna Krajina, involved in sweeping of the communication line Sokolac-Han-Pijesak, into which she has entered at the beginning of March.

From 31st March and till the mid-of April the Black Legion undertook the famous March to the Drina River, what is also considered by some historians as her most famous operation. At that time the Legion was expanded to five battalions (bojni) with ca. 2,200 men. At the end of April she undertook some sweeping operations around Rogatica area, afterwards it occupied the positions along the border of the Drina River. It was approximately at that time that it was renamed into the Sarajevo Ustasha Brigade (Sarajevski ustaski zdrug) or 1st Ustasha Active Service Brigade with seven battalions and was operating mostly on the operational area of the III. Domobran Corps. In Svibanj part of the Legion operated around Vrgorac and Makarska and in June and July 1942 some parts took part in the Kozara Operation.

During the breakthrough of the communist proletarian brigades from Montenegro and Eastern Bosnia to Herzegovina the elements of the Black Legion tried to halt the partisan advance. She suffered a defeat in the defence of Prozor, but with the arrival of the reinforcements succedded to defend the strategical cities of Gornji Vakuf and Bugojno. At the end of July Colonel Franjo Simic assumed command of a couple of Black Legion companies and took them towards Livno, which has then fallen into the Croatian hands. It should be noted that on this occasion a single platoon of Black Legion infantry supported by three light tankettes took the the entire elite 1st Partisan Proletarian Brigade by suprise and after panicking she was chased out of Livno much to the embarassment of the Tito's Supreme Headquarters. The Black Legion suffered on this occasion only 3 killed and 14 wounded, so this was indeed a huge success and great morale boost for Colonel Simic's men.

In the middle of August 1942 the Legion was having its proudest hour in Kupres, where she had defended, together with the Kupres Militia, the large scale communist attack, inflicting heavy casualties to the attacking partisan force (ca. 100 dead). Regarding the Kupres battle it should noted that controrary to the popular belief Colonel Jure Francetic was not present there or in any way active during the battle. He left Kupres on 7 August 1942 in order to command an Ustasha battalion from Foca to Imotski. Kupres and the surrounding villages was, besides Domobran and Kupres Militia, defended by one battalion of the Black Legion with five companies: 1st and 3rd Company of the I. Ustasha Battalion, Combined Company of the II. Ustasha Railway Battalion, 2nd Company of the VIII. Ustasha Battalion and 1st Company of the IX. Ustasha Battalion. On top of that there was also the 1st Company of the XVII. Ustasha Battalion, but this company was not part of the Black Legion. Fourteen members of the Black Legion received the Great Silver Medal of Poglavnik Ante Pavelic for the Bravery in the Face of the Enemy during the defence of Kupres. Most of them were the members of the 1st and 3rd Company of the 1st Ustasha Active Service Battalion.

Meanwhile, while the furious fight for Kupres was in motion, a small number of other companies saw some sweeping operations around Posusje and Imotski. After the end of this operation Colonel Ivo Stipkovic, former Commanding Officer of the 1st Croatian Mountain Division, assumed command of the 1st (Sarajevo) Ustasha Active Service Brigade.

At the end of August 1942 several companies from the Kupres and Bugojno area were re-formed and under the command of Domobran Colonel Franjo Simic re-took Sujica and Tomislavgrad and freed the communication link all the way to Imotski. At the end of October the V. Ustasha Active Service Brigade was formed from parts of the I. Ustasha Active Service Brigade and some new reinforcements from the Ustaska Vojnica that were pouring into Kupres, Tomislavgrad, Livno, Imotski and Bugojno the entire autumn of 1942. The brigade was officered by Colonel Rafael Boban, thus also called the "Bobanova Crna legija" (Boban's Black Legion). The strength of the Black Legion in autumn 1942 was eight battalions and a mountain artillery battery, which was attached to the V. Ustasha Active Service Brigade. Her operational area again switched to Eastern and Central Bosnia. By the end of 1942 it sweeped Romanija and Podromanija and was involved also in the operations "Jajce I", "Jajce III" and "Tuzla II".

The beginning of 1943 found parts of the Legion in the Operation "Weiss II", while the main body was again thrown in Eastern Bosnian, where she had fought with the Partisans and Chetniks in securing the communication lines and the Drina River Valley.

After the Operation "Schwarz" the 1st Ustasha Active Service Brigade suffered badly in a serie of the partisan and chetnik offensives which lasted in total for a few months and during which the Legion lost several important strongpoints. The commander, Major Milan Sulentic, was replaced by Major Frane Sudar, who immediately re-organized the brigade back to a first class unit with three battalions. In autumn and winter 1943 the brigade fought Sokolac-Mokronoge and Praca-Mokro and was involved in the Operation "Kugelblitz". The entire year of 1944 was marked with heavy battles with the partisans: Sarajevo-Rogatica-Visegrad, Srebrenica, Zvornik, Bratunac, Bugojno, Turbe, Vitez, Kresevo and the painful retreat from the Vrbas Valley. In autumn 1944 it was back again on Romanija and occupied Rogatica, followed by skirmishes at Kiseljak and Busovaca. While the V. Ustasha Active Service Brigade became a part of the 1st Croatian Assault Division under General Rafael Boban, the 1st Ustasha Active Brigade, now officered by Colonel Delko Bogdanic, entered the ranks of the 8th Croatian Infantry Division under General Frane Sudar.

In 1945 the brigade fought at Travnik, Capljina, Citluk and took part in a heavy battle for Ivan Sedlo. It acted as a rear-guard during the retreat from Sarajevo in early 1945 and from April onwards the remnants of the brigade under Lt.-Col. Ante Mamic pulled back to Zagreb and from there further back to the north to Slovenia and Austria (German Reich) respectively.

The fate of the V. Ustasha Active Service Brigade was greatly similar except that it was later renamed into the 23rd Croatian Assault Regiment and fighting heavy battles around Krizevci and Bilo gora until the final retreat to Austrian Carinthia, where part of the men escaped the capture by the British and Yugoslavs, including the division commander General Boban whose exact fate remains unknown until this day.

Very few personal testimonials of the members of the Black Legion were written what alone published. Some short personal testimonials (like about the Battle of Kupres 1942) appeared in the Croatian exile newspaper "Drina", Year 5, Nr. 4-7 in the article titled "Nasi 'crnci'". The Drina newspaper was being published by General Vekoslav Luburic in Spain in mid 1950s. Then recently I have discovered a website with a short personal testimonial of a Croatian veteran who claimed to have been a member of the Black Legion's V. Ustasha Active Service Brigade in 1943-1945. But I have heard that recently one alleged and notorious member of the Black Legion published his memoars about the last days of the war in Croatia and about the retreat to Slovenia and Austria in May-June 1945, but unfortunately I haven't read the book yet, so I cannot comment it.

As far as I know there was never made any poll with the names of all the members of the Black Legion. However you may check for their personal records at the Croatian National Archive, but you have to fill first some paper work, where you have to put the full name of a person you are looking for, the armed forces branch (Air Force, Navy, Domobran, Gendarmerie, Ustasha), date and place of birth and a reason of why do you want this documentation to be given out to you. I have somewhere on my computer a copy of this formular sheet, so feel free to contact me and I will try to forward it to you as soon as possible.

Hope this helps to answer most of your questions. :roll:

Yours sincerly,

Klemen[/list]

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Allen Milcic
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#26

Post by Allen Milcic » 05 Mar 2004, 01:46

Klemen:

Thank you so much for this wonderful, detailed posting. I have a few questions:

1. In my research, I have found that Ante Vokic, later Krilnik and one of the protagonists of the Vokic-Lorkovic coup, participated in the founding of the Crna Legija in Sarajevo. Does this claim hold water?

2. Becir Lokmic aparently organized the "Sarajevo Ustasa Camp" (mostly refugees from the Foca area), whose personnel Francetic/Vokic(?) used in the forming of the original core of the Crna Legija. Is this claim true?

3. Is the book you are referring to at the end of your posting called "Povlacenje - krivci i zrtve"? If so, I have the book, and aside from some dubious claims (ex. that the Croatian army had Tiger tanks!), it is a most interesting read. I recommend it, and would be willing to pull some information from it if you are interested.

Kind regards from Canada,
Allen/

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Klemen L.
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Crna legija

#27

Post by Klemen L. » 06 Mar 2004, 03:23

Allen:
1. In my research, I have found that Ante Vokic, later Krilnik and one of the protagonists of the Vokic-Lorkovic coup, participated in the founding of the Crna Legija in Sarajevo. Does this claim hold water?
As far as I know Minister Ante Vokic was not inolved in the active creation of the Black Legion in Sarajevo in June 1941. The Crna legija was a brain child of Captain Francetic and Lieutenant Boban. It could be that Ante Vokic played some role in its creation (like supplying it with the black cloth for uniforms, taking care for refugees and potential recruits from Eastern Bosnia or taking care for their housing and training facilities and transportation), but his name never appears as one of the creators of the Black Legion except maybe in some Serbian books and websites.
2. Becir Lokmic aparently organized the "Sarajevo Ustasa Camp" (mostly refugees from the Foca area), whose personnel Francetic/Vokic(?) used in the forming of the original core of the Crna Legija. Is this claim true?
The original core of the Black Legion was formed by Captain Francetic and Lieutenant Boban. As one of the original founders of the Black Legion, Lieutenant Lokmic's name first appeared in the book "HOS 1941-1945", Buenos Aires, 1985, page 30, but as I said Lieutenant Lokmic died in July 1942 as an officer in the 2nd Company of the 1st Ustasha Active Service Battalion, so some Croatian historians and I find this story a bit dubious or very unlikely. Again, the original and most important founders of the Black Legion were Francetic and Boban. Of course there were probably also others who played minor roles but these two were the most important figures in the organization, training and the leadership of this unit.
3. Is the book you are referring to at the end of your posting called "Povlacenje - krivci i zrtve"? If so, I have the book, and aside from some dubious claims (ex. that the Croatian army had Tiger tanks!), it is a most interesting read. I recommend it, and would be willing to pull some information from it if you are interested.
No, I was having another book on my mind. I haven't heard for this book though, so it would be indeed really nice if you could put on some information from it.

Klemen

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Allen Milcic
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#28

Post by Allen Milcic » 06 Mar 2004, 22:57

Thanks, Klemen, I'll try and find the information I have on Vokic's participation in the formation of the Crna Legija for you to read-over. I will also try and post some of the more interesting information from the "Povlacenje - krivci i zrtve" book - some of the descriptions of the battles in the NDH's final days are truly rivetting!

Allen/

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#29

Post by mel43 » 01 Sep 2004, 13:21

Ivan
You are very fortunate to have Dragec assisting you with material. He is a knowledgeable man who has been able to obtain alot of true information. His books will be a great assest when finished for all of us.

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#30

Post by mel43 » 04 Sep 2004, 15:31

Hello Klemen
Hope you have been well since we last spoke, Im interested if you can please tell me the name of the person you mention who has written his memoirs about the last days of the war in Croatia and where I can obtain the book.
BTW I didnt get a chance to email Henrik regarding the listing of people in Italy with the Poglavnik but have been able to obtain a full listing of people who were in Italy and the camps they were in. Listed is also their rank, dob and village they came from and the date they arrived in Italy.
regards
Mary

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