Nikolaevsk Massacre 1920
Nikolaevsk Massacre 1920
Any details on this massacre "of seven hundred Japanese" by Russian 'bandits' would be appreciated.
Possibly more a HW&C topic but it also covers the Japanese intervention in Siberia.
Possibly more a HW&C topic but it also covers the Japanese intervention in Siberia.
My Translation:
In February, 1920, four thousand partisans led by Pryapitsin surrounded Nikolaevsk in which 450 Japanese civilians were protected by three hundred Japanese soldiers(the 2nd Infantry Regiment) led by Major Ishikawa Masao(石川正雄), also joined by 350 anti-Volshevik Russian soldiers. So, the total population of Nikolaevsk was 1,100 at the time. ALthough the Volshevik partisans sent military envoies twice, Japanese murdered them. In particular, the second military envoy named Orlov's eyes were extracted and his nose and legs were bured by Japanese.
On February 24, Japanese eventually accepted the third surrender request of Volsheviks and, on February 24, surrendered to them on the condition that anti-revolutionary Russians are disarmed.
But, out of the blue, on the dawn of March 11, Major Ishikawa made a surprise attack against 4000 partisans with only 400 anti-revolutionary forces. This ended in a miserable defeat: Major Ishikawa was killed in the battle, and vice consul Ishida Toramatsu(石田虎松) committed suicide with his family. Survivors of this battle, 110 soldiers and 12 civilians were imprisoned by Volsheviks.
Due to Japanese counterattack to retake Nikolaevsk, Volshevik partisans set fire on the town of Nikolaevsk, and massacred all anti-revolutionary Russians, and exterminated remaining 122 Japanese on the shore of the Amur river.
Blamed for this horrible atrocity, partisan leader Pryapitsin was arrested by the Soviet regime and sentenced to death in July.
This incident is called 尼港事件(The Nikolaevsk Incident) in Japan.
From Eguchi Keiich(江口圭一)'s 二つの大戰(Two World War)
http://homepage3.nifty.com/greatarmy/niko161.jpg
The female, children, old men were also slaughtered. They beat to death without using guns.
The upper photograph is the remains of the Japanese soldiers who were bound with wire and slaughtered.
The man who dressed in white, of the center of a lower photograph is Pryapitsin. He was executed later.
The female, children, old men were also slaughtered. They beat to death without using guns.
The upper photograph is the remains of the Japanese soldiers who were bound with wire and slaughtered.
The man who dressed in white, of the center of a lower photograph is Pryapitsin. He was executed later.
Military envoies was killed by anti-revolutionary Russians.
Pryapitsin released the criminals and agitated them to kill Japanese people. So not only Japanese but also many Russian civilian were killed by them.
Japanese garrison had not surrendered. They had made the peace agreement with the Bolsheviki.
However, major Ishikawawho acquired disquieting information from anti-revolutionary Russians, and decided to attack earlier than Bolsheviki.
Remaining 122 Japanese were led by Lt.Kawamoto. Bolsheviki showed Kawamoto a telegram from major general Guntaro Yamada, and demanded surrender.Although kawamoto worried, after all, he accepted it. They were pulled out on the shore of the Amur river, and were beaten to death or stabbed to death. Because the bullets were wasteful, they did not use guns. Not only Japanese but the anti-revolutionary Russians family were also executed.
The rescue army led by Col.Jiro Tamon arrived at 30th March. The soldiers who looked at the too much cruel spectacle cried. The sentence "Remember 12:00 on the afternoon of May 24" was written to the wall of a prison in blood.
This incident is one of the reasons why Shiberian intervention was prolonged.
Pryapitsin and his lover were excuted by the Soviet regime.
Pryapitsin released the criminals and agitated them to kill Japanese people. So not only Japanese but also many Russian civilian were killed by them.
Japanese garrison had not surrendered. They had made the peace agreement with the Bolsheviki.
However, major Ishikawawho acquired disquieting information from anti-revolutionary Russians, and decided to attack earlier than Bolsheviki.
Remaining 122 Japanese were led by Lt.Kawamoto. Bolsheviki showed Kawamoto a telegram from major general Guntaro Yamada, and demanded surrender.Although kawamoto worried, after all, he accepted it. They were pulled out on the shore of the Amur river, and were beaten to death or stabbed to death. Because the bullets were wasteful, they did not use guns. Not only Japanese but the anti-revolutionary Russians family were also executed.
The rescue army led by Col.Jiro Tamon arrived at 30th March. The soldiers who looked at the too much cruel spectacle cried. The sentence "Remember 12:00 on the afternoon of May 24" was written to the wall of a prison in blood.
This incident is one of the reasons why Shiberian intervention was prolonged.
Pryapitsin and his lover were excuted by the Soviet regime.
Thankyou gents.
Photos of the Japanese in Siberia 1918-1922 can be found here:
http://www.armymuseum.ru/1920jap_e.html
http://www.armymuseum.ru/1920jap1_e.html
Does anyone know:
(1) what Japanese units/divisions served in Siberia?I recall a force of 70,000 men were maintained there.
(2) did any Japanese settlers venture into the region?
(3) Japanese battle deaths were 1500 in Siberia?
Vladivostok,August 1918,Japanese honour guard for the arriving Americans.
http://nortvoods.net/rrs/siberia/paradevlad-c.jpg
From: http://nortvoods.net/rrs/japan/
Photos of the Japanese in Siberia 1918-1922 can be found here:
http://www.armymuseum.ru/1920jap_e.html
http://www.armymuseum.ru/1920jap1_e.html
Does anyone know:
(1) what Japanese units/divisions served in Siberia?I recall a force of 70,000 men were maintained there.
(2) did any Japanese settlers venture into the region?
(3) Japanese battle deaths were 1500 in Siberia?
Vladivostok,August 1918,Japanese honour guard for the arriving Americans.
http://nortvoods.net/rrs/siberia/paradevlad-c.jpg
From: http://nortvoods.net/rrs/japan/
This link also states there were 300,000 Korean civilians in Siberia:
http://www.asianresearch.org/articles/1632.html
Also another massacre:
http://www.asianresearch.org/articles/1635.html
http://www.asianresearch.org/articles/1632.html
Also another massacre:
http://www.asianresearch.org/articles/1635.html
While the Korean armies in Manchuria waged desperate battles against the superior Japanese troops, the Korean armies in Siberia had recovered from the 1918 disaster and become potent forces by 1920. In October 1920, a Korean partisan unit took Nikolayevsk after a bloody battle, and murdered several hundred Japanese prisoners and civilians. Japan was enraged and threatened retaliations against the Soviets. Japan demanded the removal of all Korean military from Siberia.
Q1
Vladivostok dispatch army
=Commander Gen.Kikuzo Otani(1918/8/3-1919/8/26) Gen.Shigemoto Ooi(1919/8/26-1921/1/6) Gen.Koichiro Tachibana(1921/1/6-1922/11/6)
12th Division (commander Lt.Gen.Shigemoto Ooi) 1918/7-1919/6
14th Division (commander Lt.Gen.Naohachiro Kurita) 1919/4-1920/10
3rd Division (commander Lt.Gen.Jiro Ooba) 1918/8-1919/4
5th Division (commander Lt.Gen.Soroku Suzuki) 1919/7-1920/8
13th Division(commander Lt.Gen.Torajiro Nishikawa) 1920/8-1921/5
11th Division (commander Lt.Gen.Suejiro Saito)1920/8-1921/6
9th Division (commander Lt.Gen.Hirotake Matsuura)1921/4-1922/9
8th Division (commander Lt.Gen.Jutaro Onodera)1922/4-1922/11
Vladivostok dispatch army
=Commander Gen.Kikuzo Otani(1918/8/3-1919/8/26) Gen.Shigemoto Ooi(1919/8/26-1921/1/6) Gen.Koichiro Tachibana(1921/1/6-1922/11/6)
12th Division (commander Lt.Gen.Shigemoto Ooi) 1918/7-1919/6
14th Division (commander Lt.Gen.Naohachiro Kurita) 1919/4-1920/10
3rd Division (commander Lt.Gen.Jiro Ooba) 1918/8-1919/4
5th Division (commander Lt.Gen.Soroku Suzuki) 1919/7-1920/8
13th Division(commander Lt.Gen.Torajiro Nishikawa) 1920/8-1921/5
11th Division (commander Lt.Gen.Suejiro Saito)1920/8-1921/6
9th Division (commander Lt.Gen.Hirotake Matsuura)1921/4-1922/9
8th Division (commander Lt.Gen.Jutaro Onodera)1922/4-1922/11
The battle around Nikolaevsk in 1920, one thousand Korean partisans were killed. In Machuria, General Kim, Jwa-Jin(김좌진) and General Hong, Bum-Do(홍범도) defeated Japanese forces in Korea-Manchuria border in 1920.While the Korean armies in Manchuria waged desperate battles against the superior Japanese troops, the Korean armies in Siberia had recovered from the 1918 disaster and become potent forces by 1920. In October 1920, a Korean partisan unit took Nikolayevsk after a bloody battle, and murdered several hundred Japanese prisoners and civilians. Japan was enraged and threatened retaliations against the Soviets. Japan demanded the removal of all Korean military from Siberia.
The Incident of 'Free City'
Accordingly, some 7,000 Koreans showed up there. But contrary to the expectation of the Koreans, Soviet officers tried to organize them into regular Soviet army organizations, divisions, regiments, battalions, companies and squads, and a modern military command structure.
Some of the Korean commanders became suspicious and refused to go along. They suspected that the “Free City” was a Soviet plot to disarm the Korean armies. On June 27, 1921, they began to march out of the Free City but the Soviet Army and pro-Soviet Koreans blocked them. Fights broke out and hundreds died in bloody battles – Koreans killing Koreans.
Yi Dong Whi, Hong Bom Do, Kim Jwa Jin, Ji Chung Chun, and several other army commanders managed to break out and escaped to Manchuria. Many Koreans were killed or wounded. More than 1,700 Koreans were captured by the Soviets. The Korean communities all across Siberia and Manchuria were shocked and angered, and held Lenin responsible for this treachery.
We call this clash with the Soviets The Incident of 'Free City'
http://www.asianresearch.org/articles/1635.html
Thanks Lt.Amuro.Lt.Amuro wrote:Q1
Vladivostok dispatch army
=Commander Gen.Kikuzo Otani(1918/8/3-1919/8/26) Gen.Shigemoto Ooi(1919/8/26-1921/1/6) Gen.Koichiro Tachibana(1921/1/6-1922/11/6)
12th Division (commander Lt.Gen.Shigemoto Ooi) 1918/7-1919/6
14th Division (commander Lt.Gen.Naohachiro Kurita) 1919/4-1920/10
3rd Division (commander Lt.Gen.Jiro Ooba) 1918/8-1919/4
5th Division (commander Lt.Gen.Soroku Suzuki) 1919/7-1920/8
13th Division(commander Lt.Gen.Torajiro Nishikawa) 1920/8-1921/5
11th Division (commander Lt.Gen.Suejiro Saito)1920/8-1921/6
9th Division (commander Lt.Gen.Hirotake Matsuura)1921/4-1922/9
8th Division (commander Lt.Gen.Jutaro Onodera)1922/4-1922/11
So the equivalent of say 2 divisions were on active duty in the region at any one time up to 1921.
regards,
Peter
I think we are talking about the same massacre here,but the October 1920 is incorrect.killchola wrote:The battle around Nikolaevsk in 1920, one thousand Korean partisans were killed. In Machuria, General Kim, Jwa-Jin(김좌진) and General Hong, Bum-Do(홍범도) defeated Japanese forces in Korea-Manchuria border in 1920.While the Korean armies in Manchuria waged desperate battles against the superior Japanese troops, the Korean armies in Siberia had recovered from the 1918 disaster and become potent forces by 1920. In October 1920, a Korean partisan unit took Nikolayevsk after a bloody battle, and murdered several hundred Japanese prisoners and civilians. Japan was enraged and threatened retaliations against the Soviets. Japan demanded the removal of all Korean military from Siberia.
Regards,
Peter
I mean the second battle of Nikolaevsk in which Koreans were main forces of the Volshevik partisans.Peter H wrote:I think we are talking about the same massacre here,but the October 1920 is incorrect.killchola wrote:The battle around Nikolaevsk in 1920, one thousand Korean partisans were killed. In Machuria, General Kim, Jwa-Jin(김좌진) and General Hong, Bum-Do(홍범도) defeated Japanese forces in Korea-Manchuria border in 1920.While the Korean armies in Manchuria waged desperate battles against the superior Japanese troops, the Korean armies in Siberia had recovered from the 1918 disaster and become potent forces by 1920. In October 1920, a Korean partisan unit took Nikolayevsk after a bloody battle, and murdered several hundred Japanese prisoners and civilians. Japan was enraged and threatened retaliations against the Soviets. Japan demanded the removal of all Korean military from Siberia.
Regards,
Peter
http://news.naver.com/news/read.php?mod ... enu_id=103