War in China
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Peter H
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Goldfish
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Stilwell realized that to try to bring the entire Chinese Army up to strength (nearly 300 divisions on paper) was impossible considering his logistical limitations. He first planned to bring 30 divisions up to full strength, fully train them, and then equip them with the most modern equipment he could get. He then planned to use them to liberate north Burma and open a supply route to China while building confidence for the troops. This was carried out in full as far as India-based divisions were concerned and the five divisions of X-Force trounced the veterans of the Japanese 18th Division (which had conquered Singapore, fought in Shanghai, and participated in the Rape of Nanking). Even Stilwell's replacement, General Wedemeyer, described the troops upon their return to China as "cocky" and flushed with confidence.
Y-Force was another issue. The Chinese troops in Yunnan were well-equipped (although they were mostly Chinese-supplied because of the logistics problem) and were not brought up to strength by Chiang until after the Salween campaign. Chiang had allowed Stilwell to train troops in India and even lead them into Burma, but he was never convinced of the merits of Stilwell's plan and distrusted Stilwell personally. Chiang preferred the plans of General Chennault which did not involve his forces and left the war in China to the Americans (sadly, Stilwell had few American troops with which to sway the Chinese to his plan). It is ironic that Chennault was later to blame Stilwell for China's loss, even though Stilwell's plan, if carried to fruition, would have left Chiang with 90 fully equipped, fully trained (and victorious) divisions to use as he saw fit when the war was over. Had Stilwell been named CinC of the Chinese Army (as he wanted) it would also have deepened American commitment to Chiang's regime. Chennault's plan, however, left the Chinese with a few hundred war-worn aircraft that were nearly worthless in the Civil War (except to protect the final retreat to Taiwan).
Wedemeyer, following Stilwell's recall, reduced Stilwell's plan to 40 divisions, most of which were brought up to strength before the war ended. These were, however, mostly untrained (at least in the American style) and lacked the victorious experience of the Burma divisions. Most of the Burma veterans were wasted in Manchuria (along with others of the 40 divisions) and the rest were destroyed (or defected) at Huai-Hai.
Y-Force was another issue. The Chinese troops in Yunnan were well-equipped (although they were mostly Chinese-supplied because of the logistics problem) and were not brought up to strength by Chiang until after the Salween campaign. Chiang had allowed Stilwell to train troops in India and even lead them into Burma, but he was never convinced of the merits of Stilwell's plan and distrusted Stilwell personally. Chiang preferred the plans of General Chennault which did not involve his forces and left the war in China to the Americans (sadly, Stilwell had few American troops with which to sway the Chinese to his plan). It is ironic that Chennault was later to blame Stilwell for China's loss, even though Stilwell's plan, if carried to fruition, would have left Chiang with 90 fully equipped, fully trained (and victorious) divisions to use as he saw fit when the war was over. Had Stilwell been named CinC of the Chinese Army (as he wanted) it would also have deepened American commitment to Chiang's regime. Chennault's plan, however, left the Chinese with a few hundred war-worn aircraft that were nearly worthless in the Civil War (except to protect the final retreat to Taiwan).
Wedemeyer, following Stilwell's recall, reduced Stilwell's plan to 40 divisions, most of which were brought up to strength before the war ended. These were, however, mostly untrained (at least in the American style) and lacked the victorious experience of the Burma divisions. Most of the Burma veterans were wasted in Manchuria (along with others of the 40 divisions) and the rest were destroyed (or defected) at Huai-Hai.
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Zebedee
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British sources on the Burma campaign give Chinese armies the same strength as British divisions. They also note that only two Chinese divisions were 'properly' equipped, with the others being more like the British Home Guard in equipment terms.
Just as a little colour, the PRC officer I correspond with once told me that after the civil war finished, he had men in his units who had fought for three different sides and had been conscripted over a dozen times!
His autobiography is currently awaiting approval (I've read it in manuscript form) and is a very interesting read. He was very close to Lin Biao (although the 'plane crash' is not discussed in detail). Hopefully, he can get permission to publish as he also includes a lot of info on the Communist forces which will help to put a figure on their strength.
Just as a little colour, the PRC officer I correspond with once told me that after the civil war finished, he had men in his units who had fought for three different sides and had been conscripted over a dozen times!
His autobiography is currently awaiting approval (I've read it in manuscript form) and is a very interesting read. He was very close to Lin Biao (although the 'plane crash' is not discussed in detail). Hopefully, he can get permission to publish as he also includes a lot of info on the Communist forces which will help to put a figure on their strength.
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hellraiser
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Zebedee
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hi hellraiser,
as you've probably gathered, no-one can provide a definitive answer due to the KMT being such a mixed bag of troops and equipment.
But to give you some kind of rough answers to your general questions.....
Over the three month duration of the Battle of Shang-Hai, the KMT committed some 400 000 soldiers, including their German trained and equipped troops (arguably their best troops at the time). Facing them were around 300 000 Japanese soldiers.
The KMT lost around 100 000 men, the Japanese around 60 000.
Just in passing, the most effective AT weapon the Chinese forces used was a man wearing a belt of dynamite throwing himself in front of the tank...
German generals and Russian acted as advisers to the KMT (eg von Falkenhausen and Zhukov) in the early stages of the war in China. Some equipment came to China from both countries.
Chinese losses are consistently estimated at being twice those of the Japanese for most engagements until very late on in the war. The main reasons for such poor performances on the battlefield were logistical and the Chinese lack of modern equipment. Some divisions were considered 'elite' by virtue of having received training and a decent allocation of equipment; the vast majority would be comparable to, at best, the Home Guard and at worst a medieval militia...
As Goldfish pointed out, if the KMT had followed the advice of the military advisers then they would have been a much more formidable force. (Colonel Bauer in the late 20s also advised Chang Kai-Shek to have a small core army with militia reserves but the advice was not taken).
http://www.feldgau.com lists
source: presumably Ratenhof, Die Chinapolitik des Deutschen Reiches 1871-1945
Sorry if this is a little disjointed, but typing while looking after hungry no.1 son
as you've probably gathered, no-one can provide a definitive answer due to the KMT being such a mixed bag of troops and equipment.
But to give you some kind of rough answers to your general questions.....
Over the three month duration of the Battle of Shang-Hai, the KMT committed some 400 000 soldiers, including their German trained and equipped troops (arguably their best troops at the time). Facing them were around 300 000 Japanese soldiers.
The KMT lost around 100 000 men, the Japanese around 60 000.
Just in passing, the most effective AT weapon the Chinese forces used was a man wearing a belt of dynamite throwing himself in front of the tank...
German generals and Russian acted as advisers to the KMT (eg von Falkenhausen and Zhukov) in the early stages of the war in China. Some equipment came to China from both countries.
Chinese losses are consistently estimated at being twice those of the Japanese for most engagements until very late on in the war. The main reasons for such poor performances on the battlefield were logistical and the Chinese lack of modern equipment. Some divisions were considered 'elite' by virtue of having received training and a decent allocation of equipment; the vast majority would be comparable to, at best, the Home Guard and at worst a medieval militia...
As Goldfish pointed out, if the KMT had followed the advice of the military advisers then they would have been a much more formidable force. (Colonel Bauer in the late 20s also advised Chang Kai-Shek to have a small core army with militia reserves but the advice was not taken).
http://www.feldgau.com lists
Of these, by 1937, only 8 divisions were trained by their German advisers and could be considered equipped to a European standard.In 1933, the Chinese Army consisted of (according to German sources) 134 Infantry Divisions 9 Cavalry Divisions, 17 Cavalry Brigades, 36 Infantry Brigades, 5 Artillery Brigades, 20 Artillery Regiments, 600 aircraft (approximately), some railway artillery, limited armored forces, a small navy, for a total of 37 million main line troops and 600,000 provincial troops.
source: presumably Ratenhof, Die Chinapolitik des Deutschen Reiches 1871-1945
Sorry if this is a little disjointed, but typing while looking after hungry no.1 son
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asiaticus
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Forces involved with the Shanghai Campaign
I have been gathering this for a while. Here is what I have now.
Shanghai Campaign (Aug. 11 – Mid Dec. 1937 )[1]
750.000 Chinese and 250.000 Japanese involved. *
Japanese occupied Shanghai.
The battle for Shanghai began on 13 August when Marines of the Japanese Navy clashed with the Chinese Army whilst seeking to protect Japanese interests in Shanghai during mid August.
On 21 August China and the USSR signed a Treaty of Nonaggression and agreements on military-technical assistance.
During the night of 22/23 August the Japanese launched an amphibious operation to relieve the Shanghai garrison and establish a beachhead within which was built an airfield (Kunda airfield).
Japan
Japanese Settlement at Shanghai defense forces - Rear Admiral Denshichi Okawachi
- Shanghai Special Naval Landing Force (2,500 men)
-- 1st Battalion +
-- 2nd Battalion +
-- 3rd Battalion +
-- 4th Battalion #
-- 9th Battalion +
Prior to hotilities: Total force (2,500 men) [T]@
-Special Naval Landing Force reinforcements as of 8/1/37 from 3rd Fleet units: [M144]
-- 8th Sentai NLF ***
-- 1st Destroyer Sentai NLF ****
-- 3rd Destroyer Sentai NLF
-- Izumo NLF *****
-Special Naval Landing Force reinforcements 8/18-19/37 ++
--5th Battalion (Sasebo 1st SNLF, 16th Destroyer Unit) *
--6th Battalion (Kure 2nd SNLF)
--7th Battalion (Kure 1st SNLF)
--8th Battalion (Yokosuka 1st SNLF, 11th Sentai) **
Total force 8/19/37 (5000 men) [T], [M144], ++ @
- Reservists and volunteers 5,000 men
- Defending the settlement 10,000 men total [1]
@ There was a tank company in the the Shanghai SNLF in peacetime. It was disbanded when it was shifted to wartime formation and tanks were dispersed to infantry units. They had Type 89 Medium Tanks, Vickers Crossley Armored Cars, Type 92 Armored Cars, Hokoku Armored Cars and Carden Loyd Mk.VI. [Taki on PWf]
+ The original SNLF Battalions are 1st to 3rd and 9th Battalions. [Taki on PWf]
# 4th Battalion was an artillery unit in the the Shanghai SNLF in peacetime. When the war broke out, it was also disbanded and artillery were dispersed to infantry units. [Taki on PWf]
++ These were the reinforcement Batalions were 5th to 8th. They arrived Shanghai between Aug. 18th and 19th. [Taki on PWf]
* With the outbreak of the North China Incident, the 16th Destroyer Division was dispatched to the north from South China. Apparently they disgorged their SNLF detachement in Shanghai by Aug 11.
** 11th Sentai NLF landed from 11th Gunboat Division that had gathered in Shanghai by Aug. 11. [M144]
*** 8th Sentai, NLF landed from 8th Cruiser Division anchored at Shanghai Aug. 11. [M144]
**** 1st Destroyer Sentai NLF landed from 1st Destroyer Division anchored at Shanghai Aug. 11. [M144]
***** Izumo NLF Landed from Battleship Izumo (flagship of 3rd Fleet) anchored at Shanghai Aug. 11. [M144]
- 3rd Fleet : 20+ Warships 5 Transports at Shanghai [1]
– Izumo
- 11th Gunboat Division - Rear Admiral Tanimoto Umataro[M144]
-- flagship Yaeyama, Hozu, Futami and Kotaka from Hankow
--Katada, Sumida and Kuri in Shanghai
--Tsuga from Nanking,
--Hasu from Wuhu,
--Atami from Kiukiang,
--Seta from Changsha,
--Toba from Ichang,
--Hira from Chungking
- 8th Sentai Cruiser Division - Rear Admiral Nagumo
--(Kinu, Natori, Yura)
-1st Destroyer Sentai - Rear Admiral Yoshida
--(Sendai)
--- ? Destroyer Group (Tai)
--- ? Destroyer Group (Tai)
--- ? Destroyer Group (Tai)
Third Fleet was assigned for over-all operations in China. Second Fleet was assigned to escort army transports. With the dispatch of troops to the Tsingtao area, the Second Fleet assumed responsibility for operations in North China waters, while the Third Fleet operated in Central and South China waters. These areas of operation were divided by the Lung-Hai railroad, starting from Hai-chou, and included the area of North China Operations.
----------------------------
Shanghai Expeditionary Force – Gen. Sekikon Matsui (From Aug. 16th 1937)
- 5th Tank Battalion - Colonel Hosomi**
- 7th Independent machine gun brigade? battalion? [CDF]
- 8th Independent Light Armor Company [Kirk] [CDF]
- 9th Independent Light Armor Company [Kirk] [Taki/ PWf]
- ? Independent Light Armor Company [Kirk]
- 10th Feild Heavy Artillery Regiment[CDF] [Taki/ PWf]
-- 24 Type 4 150mm Howitzers [Taki/ PWf]
- 4th Army Mortar Battalion? [CDF]
-- 150mm mortars(1887) [Taki/ PWf]
- Field operation anti-aircraft artillery 3 row [CDF]
- Field air defense team 3rd Battery? [CDF] - 8th Independent Army Engineer Regiment[CDF]
- 6th Independent air squadron [CDF]
- Shanghai dispatch signal communication unit [CDF] - 5th Independent heavy artillery Brigade? [CDF]
-- 48 150mm Howitzers?
- 6th Independent heavy artillery Brigade? [CDF] [Taki/ PWf]
-- 13th Field Heavy Artillery Regiments, 24 Type 4 15cm Howitzers.
-- 14th Field Heavy Artillery Regiments, 24 Type 4 15cm Howitzers.
- Army Logistics depot [CDF]
- 3rd Division - Gen. ? (landing Aug.22nd)
--5th Infantry Brigade
--- 6th Infantry Regiment
--- 68th Infantry Regiment
--29th Infantry Brigade
--- 18th Infantry Regiment
--- 34th Infantry Regiment
-- 3rd Field Artillery Regiment
-- 3rd Cavalry Regiment
-- 3rd Engineer Regiment
-- 3rd Transport Regiment
-- 9th Division - Gen. ? (landing reinforcements late Aug.)
--- 6th Infantry Brigade
---- 7th Infantry Regiment
---- 35th Infantry Regiment
---18th Infantry Brigade
---- 19th Infantry Regiment
---- 36th Infantry Regiment
--- 9th Mountain Artillery Regiment
--- 9th Cavalry Regiment
--- 9th Engineer Regiment
--- 9th Transport Regiment
-- 11th Division - Gen. ? (landing Aug.22nd)
--- 10th Infantry Brigade
---- 12th Infantry Regiment
---- 22nd Infantry Regiment
--- 22nd Infantry Brigade
---- 43rd Infantry Regiment
---- 44th Infantry Regiment
--- 11th Mountain Artillery Regiment
--- 11th Cavalry Regiment
--- 11th Engineer Regiment
--- 11th Transport Regiment
-- 13th Division - Gen. ? (landing reinforcements late Aug.)
--- 26th Infantry Brigade
---- 58th Infantry Regiment
---- 116th Infantry Regiment
--- 103rd Infantry Brigade
---- 65th Infantry Regiment
---- 104th Infantry Regiment
--- 19th Mountain Artilley Regiment
--- 17th Cavalry Regiment
--- 13th Engineer Regiment
--- 13th Transport Regiment
-- 16th Division – Gen. Kesao Nakashima (from N. China Nov 12/37, land Pai mao kou)
--- 19th Infantry Brigade
---- 9th Infantry Regiment
---- 20th Infantry Regiment
--- 30th Infantry Brigade
---- 33rd Infantry Regiment
---- 38th Infantry Regiment
--- 22nd Field Artillery Regiment
--- 20th Cavalry Regiment
--- 16th Engineer Regiment
--- 16th Transport Regiment
-- 101st Division - Gen. ? (arrived Sept 7-16)
--- 101st Infantry Brigade
---- 101st Infantry Regiment
---- 149th Infantry Regiment
--- 102nd Infantry Brigade
---- 103rd Infantry Regiment
---- 157th Infantry Regiment
--- 101st Field Artillery Regiment
--- 101st Cavalry Regiment
--- 101st Engineer Regiment
--- 101st Transport Regiment
--Shigeto Detachment, regiment sized, was later expanded into the Formosa Mixed Brigade. [Taki/ PWf] (arrived Sept 7-16)
-- composition?
-- Formosa Brigade - Gen. Shigeto? (Nov. 12/37, landed at Pai mao kou)
--- 1st Formosa Infantry Rgt
--- 2nd Formosa Infantry Rgt.
--- Formosa artillery Btn.?
--- Formosa engineer Btn.
--- Formosa Transport Rgt.
Units with Shanghai Expeditionary Force unknown a
- ? Manchukuoan Bde. - Li Chung-shan (arrived Sept 7-16)
-- composition?
- ? Manchukuoan Bde. - Yu Chih-shan (arrived Sept 7-16)
-- composition?
- SNLF force - ? (arrived Sept 7-16?)
-- composition?
- 1 puppet (Manchukuoan?) Bde. Pacification Corps - ?
-- composition?
- 1st Reserve Inf. Regt. [1]
- 2nd Reserve Inf. Regt. [Kirk]
- three independent light tank battalions(companies?) [Kirk] (8th , 9th? , ?)
-------------------------- Oct. 29th 1937
Central China Front Army – Gen. Iwane Matsui
This Army was formed on Oct. 29th 1937 to coordinate the Shanghai Expeditionary Army and the 10th Army.
- Shanghai Expeditionary Force - Gen. Iwane Matsui,
- Major Gen. Asakanomiya Yasuhiko from Dec.
-- See above.
- 10th Army – Major Gen. Heisuke Yamagawa (Nov. 5th landing at Chin shan wei)
-- support units?
-- 9th Independent Light Armor Company [Taki/ PWf]
-- 2nd Independent Mountain Gun Regiment[Taki/ PWf]
-- 6th Independent Heavy Artillery Brigade [CDF] [Taki/ PWf]
--- 13th Field Heavy Artillery Regiments, 24 Type 4 15cm Howitzers.
--- 14th Field Heavy Artillery Regiments, 24 Type 4 15cm Howitzers.
--6th Division - Lt. Gen. Tani
---11th Infantry Brigade
----13th Infantry Regiment
----47th Infantry Regiment
---36th Infantry Brigade
----23rd Infantry Regiment
----45th Infantry Regiment
---6th Field Artillery Regiment
---6th Cavalry Regiment
---6th Engineer Regiment
---6th Transport Regiment
--18th Division - Lt. Gen. Ushijima (from Japan Nov. 5th /37)
---23rd Infantry Brigade
----55th Infantry Regiment
----56th Infantry Regiment
---35th Infantry Brigade
----114th Infantry Regiment
----124th Infantry Regiment
---18th Mountain Artillery Regiment
---22nd Cavalry Battalion
---12th Engineer Regiment
---12th Transport Regiment
--114th Division - Lt. Gen. Suematsu (from Japan Nov. 5th /37)
---127th Infantry Brigade
----66th Infantry Regiment
----115th Infantry Regiment
---128th Infantry Brigade
----102nd Infantry Regiment
----150th Infantry Regiment
---120th Field Artillery Regt
---118th Cavalry Regiment
---114th Engineer Regiment
---114th Transport Regiment
-- Kunizaki Column - Gen. Kunisaki (from North China Nov. 5th /37)
--Kunisaki Detachment was brigade sized (about 5,000 men). Formed from the 9th Infantry Brigade of the 5th Division, attached to the 10th Army. [Taki/ PWf]
---9th Infantry Brigade
----11th Infantry Regiment
----41st Infantry Regiment
--- elements of
5th Mountain Artillery Regiment
5th Cavalry Regiment
5th Engineer Regiment
5th Transport Regiment
answer to: Re: Shanghai Expeditionary Force oob 8/11-11/15/1937 written by Taki at 10 Mar 2005 13:41:37:
>>Where is that complete list to be found?
>Here.
>http://www.jacar.go.jp/
>Reference Code:C01005685400
>But, note that the source is in Japanese.
Japanese Aircraft (from Japan Nov. 5th /37)
- 3rd Army Air Force Division - Gen. ?
-- composition?
--? Air Brigades , # planes, types?
200000men, 300+guns, 300 tanks?, 200 planes [1]
3rd Fleet:– Vice Admiral Hasegawa
- (Izumo - flagship of 3rd Fleet)
- 8th Sentai - Rear Admiral Nagumo
--(Kinu, Natori, Yura)
- 9th Sentai - Rear Admiral Kobayashi
--(Myoko, Tama)
- 10th Sentai - Rear Admiral Shimomura
--(Tenryu, Tatsuta)
- 11th Sentai - Rear Admiral Tanimoto
-- 13 gunboats:
-- flagship Yaeyama, Hozu, Futami and Kotaka from Hankow,
-- Katada, Sumida and Kuri in Shanghai,
-- Tsuga from Nanking,
-- Hasu from Wuhu,
-- Atami from Kiukiang,
-- Seta from Changsha,
-- Toba from Ichang,
-- Hira from Chungking
- 1st Destroyer Sentai - Rear Admiral Yoshida
--(Sendai)
--- ? Destroyer Group (Tai) 4 Destroyers
--- ? Destroyer Group (Tai) 4 Destroyers
--- ? Destroyer Group (Tai) 4 Destroyers
- 3rd Destroyer Sentai - Rear Admiral Kondo
-- (Kitakami)
--- ? Destroyer Group (Tai) 4 Destroyers
--- ? Destroyer Group (Tai) 4 Destroyers
--- ? Destroyer Group (Tai) 4 Destroyers
- 5th Destroyer Sentai - Rear Admiral Okuma
-- (Yubari)
--- 16th Destroyer Group (Tai) 4 Destroyers
--- ? Destroyer Group (Tai) 4 Destroyers
-1st Submarine Sentai - Rear Admiral Komatsu
--(Isuzu)and 2 submarine groups) Subs: #'s I-1, I-3, I-4 , I-5, I-6 , ?
-- 7th Submarine Group (Tai) - Cdr;Cpt.Mito Hisashi; [Taki / PWf]
--- ?
-- 8th Submarine Group (Tai) - Cpt.Akiyama Katsuzo; [Taki / PWf]
-- ?
- 1st Minesweeper Group (Tai)
-- ?
- 11th Minesweeper Group (Tai)
-- ?
- Special Air Group %
-- 1st United Kokutai [1st Rengo Kokutai] 1st Rengo Kokutai (Combined ----- Air Group) advanced to the base at Taipei, Taiwan.
--- Kisarazu Kokutai -? Cheju-Do, Korea
---- ? Fighter Daitai - Type 95 carrier fighters (Nakajima A4N1)?
---- ? Bomber Daitai - Mitsubishi G3M Bomber "Nell"
---- ? Attack Daitai 7+ Type 95 land-based attack aircraft Hiro G2H1
---- The Kisarazu Kokutai lost one Hiro G2H1 (Type 95 land-based attack ---- aircraft) (of a total of seven G2H1s) when they flew to Cheju-Do ----- during August.
--- Kanoya Kokutai -?
---- In August the Kanoya Kokutai was integrated into the 1st Rengo
---- Kokutai (Combined Air Group)and advanced to the base at Taipei.
---- ? aircraft
---- ? Fighter Daitai - Nakajima A4N1 [3]
---- ? Bomber Daitai
----- 9 Mitsubishi G3M Bomber "Nell" Lieutenant Commander Nitta [3]
----- 9 Mitsubishi G3M Bomber "Nell" Lieutenant Commander Asano [3]
-- 2nd United Kokutai [2nd Rengo Kokutai] - Chowshihtze
On 7 August the unit advanced to the Chowshihtze (Shusuishi) airport in Luda (Dairen) where it was engaged in convoy escort duties.
---12th Kokutai - ?
--- On 11 July the 12th Kokutai was immediately posted to the 2nd Rengo --- Kokutai (Combined Air Group). As the war situation in the Shanghai area became more critical, the 12th Kokutai was posted to the 3rd Fleet on 5 September and advanced to the Kunda base in Shanghai. The unit was employed in ground support and air defense operations.
---- ? Fighter Daitai 12 Type 95 carrier fighters (Nakajima A4N1),
---- ? Bomber Daitai 12 Type 94 carrier bombers (Aichi D1A1)
---- ? Attack Daitai 12 Type 92 carrier attack aircraft (Yokosuka B3Y1)
---13th Kokutai? -?
--- On 7 August the unit advanced to the Chowshihtze (Shusuishi)
---airport in Luda (Dairen) but returned to its own base by the end of ---August. On 5 September the 13th Kokutai also received orders to move to Shanghai. On 9 September the unit deployed via Cheju Island to the Kunda airfield in Shanghai, then under bombardment. For a few days the unit was engaged in strafing enemy ground forces in the vicinity of the air base.
---- ? Fighter Daitai 12 Type 96 carrier fighters (Mitsubishi A5M)
---- ? Bomber Daitai 6 Type 96 carrier bombers (Aichi D1A2)
---- ? Attack Daitai 12 Type 96 carrier attack (Yokosuka B4Y1).
-- 21st Kokutai
--- ? aircraft? Recon Nakajima E8N[3]
-- 22nd Kokutai
--- ? aircraft? Recon Nakajima E8N[3]
-- 23rd Kokutai
--- ? aircraft?
-- 12th Sentai - Rear Admiral Miyata
---(Okinoshima)
---(Kamoi[seaplane tender])
---- 12 NAKAJIMA TYPE 95 RECON SEAPLANE (E8N1-DAVE)
--- 28th Destroyer Group
---- ( ?) 4 Destroyers
-- 1st Air Sentai - Rear Admiral Takasu
--- (Hosho) 26 aircraft capacity %1
---- ? x A2N fighters
--- (Ryujo) 48 aircraft capacity %1
---- ? aircraft?
----- Fighter Daitai - Nakajima A2N [3]
----- Bomber Daitai - ?
----- Attack Daitai - ?
--- 30th Destroyer Group
----(? ) 4 Destroyers
-- 2nd Air Sentai - Rear Admiral Horie
--- (Kaga) 90 aircraft capacity %1
---- 22 carrier attack aircraft (Type 89 Mitsubishi B2Ms,
-----Type 95 Mitsubishi A5M )[3]
---- 14 carrier bombers (Aichi D1A1s, A2's)
---- 16 A2N fighters.
---- ? Type 96 Yokosuka B4Y1 Torpedo bomber [3]
--- 22nd Destroyer Group
---- (? )4 Destroyers
% Air group was temporarily formed and attached to 3rd Fleet.
%1 1http://homepage2.nifty.com/nishidah/e/stc0201.htm 26 plane capacity.
[1] Hsu Long-hsuen and Chang Ming-kai, History of The Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945) 2nd Ed. ,1971. Translated by Wen Ha-hsiung , Chung Wu Publishing; 33, 140th Lane, Tung-hwa Street, Taipei, Taiwan Republic of China.
Named Japanese ships at Shanghai:
Fleet HQ: Izumo , Notoro. Shanghai SNLF
1st Task Force (Syake flag), (10 Gunboats, Tenryu, Hirado, Togiwa, Zushima, and 5 Destroyers )
3rd Squadron (Naka F), Yura
1st Torpedo Squadron: (Yubari; flagship)
1st Aviation Squadron - (Kaga; flag) Housho and 4 destroyers
After hostilities
Izumo and 16th Destroyer Squadron
1sth Security Force 11th Squadron
2nd Sec.urity Force 8th Squadron and 1st Torpedo Squadron
[3] Sino-Japanese Air War 1937-45 http://surfcity.kund.dalnet.se/sino-japanese.htm
----------------------------------------------
* IJA fielded 300,000 men, 200 tanks, 200 aircraft and large number of warships. [Kirk]
Japanese fielded 200000men, 300+guns, 300 tanks?, 200 planes [1]
**32 Type 89 Medium Tanks, 15 Type 94 Tankettes[T]
China
---------------------- Aug. 7 1937
Wusung – Shanghai Seige Area (Aug. 7 1937)[1]
-Nanking Shanghai Garrison – Chang Chih-Chung *
--36th Div. – Sung Hsi-lien[g]
--87th Div. – Wang Ching-chin[g]
--88th Division – Sun Yuan-liang[g]
--55th Div. – Li Sung-Chan
--56th Div. – Liu Ho-ting (later Liu Shang-chih)
--57th Div. – Yuan Chao-chang
--20th Sep. Bde – Gen. Chen Mien-wu
--Wusung-Shanghai Garrison Units (Peace Preservation Group)
*(50,000 men).[T]
Navy - ?
-- Composition? Ships, men
Airforce - ?
1st Group, bomber, Tuplev ANT 40 SB III, VI, B-25.
2nd Group, bombers Northrop Gamma 2B, Tuplev ANT 40 SB III, B-25
3rd Group, fighters Fiat CR.30, Hawk, Polikarpov E.15bis and E.16, P-40C, P-51D
4th Group, fighters Curtiss 68C Hawk III, Polikarpov E.15bis and E.16, P-40N
5th Group, fighters, Polikarpov E.15bis, P-40N, P-51D
6th Group, bombers
8th Group, bombers, Martin B-10B, Ilyushin DB-3 (later into the Composite Group)
9th Group, fighters Curtiss 68C Hawk III
10th Squadron, bomber, Vultee V-12
11th Group, fighters, P-40N
12th Group, bomber
Temporary Organised Group
-- Air Cadet Flying School. Fighter, Curtiss 68C Hawk III
-- Reconnaissance Squadron, Republic RP-43?
-------------- Aug 20. 1937
3rd War Area - Generalisimo Chiang Kai-skek (Aug 20. 1937)[1]
Wusung – Shanghai Seige Area
-9th Army Group - Gen. Chang Chih-Chung (Aug. 20, 1937)
-- 36th Div. – Gen. Sung Hsi-lien[g]
-- 56th Div. – Gen. Liu Ho-Ting
-- 87th Div. – Gen. Wang Ching-chin[g]
-- 88th Division – Gen. Sun Yuan-liang[g]
--20th Sep. Bde – Gen. Chen Mien-wu
-- Training Div.(part – Gen Huei Yung-ching[g]
-- Wusung-Shanghai Garrison Units (Peace Preservation Group)
-- 10th Hvy Artillery Regiment
-- 3rd Artillery Regiment
-- 8th Artillery Regiment
-- 2 Heavy Mortar Units
-- 2 Anti-tank batteries
-- 1 Light tank Battalion
Yangtse River Right Bank Garrison Sector
-54th Corps – Gen. Huo Kwei-chang
--11th Div. – Gen. Peng Shan
--14th Div. - Gen. Chen Lieh[g]
--67th Div. - Gen. Huang Wei
--16th Artillery Regiment (under command of Seige Area)
Yangtse River Left Bank Garrison Sector
-57th Corps – Miao Cheng-liu
--111th Div. – Gen. Chen En-to
--112th Div. – Gen. Huo Shuo-yi
Hangchow Bay Left Bank Garrison Sector
-8th Army Group – Gen. Chang Fa-kuei
--61st Div. – Gen. Chung Sung
--62nd Div. – Gen. Tao Liu
--55th Div. – Gen. Li Sung-shan
--57th Div. – Gen. Yuan Shao-chang
--45th Sep. Bde. – Gen. Chan Luan-chi
--2nd Artillery Regt.
East Chekiang Garrison Sector
-10th Army Group – Gen. Liu Chien-hsu
--16th Div. – Gen. Peng Shung-ling
--63rd Div. – Gen. Chen Kuang-chung
--19th Div. – Gen. Li Chueh
--52nd Div. – Gen. Lu Hsin-jung
--New 34th Div. - ?
--37th Sep. Bde. – Gen. Chen Teh-fa
--11th Provisional Bde. – Gen Chou Hsi-ching
--12th Provisional Bde. – Gen. Li Kuo-chun
--13th Provisional Bde. – Gen. Yang Yung-ching
Navy - ?
-- Composition? Ships, men
Airforce - ?
Squadrons ? Aircraft types and numbers?
------------ after late Sept. 1937
3rd War Area - Generalisimo Chiang Kai-skek (after late Sept. 1937)[1]
-Right Wing Force - General Chang Fa Kuei
--8th Army Group - General Chang Fa Kuei
---28th Corps - Tao Kuang
----62nd Div. – Tao Kuang
----63rd Div. – Chen Kuang-chung
--55th Div. – Li Sung-Chan
--45th Sep. Bde. – Chang Luan-chi
--Artillery Btn., Training Div.
--10th Army Group - Liu Chien-hsu
---11th Reserve Div. – Hu –Ta
---128th Div. – Ku Chia-chi
---45th Div. – Tai Min-chuan
---52nd Div. – Lu Hsin-jung
---11th Temp. Bde – Chou Hsi-ching
---12th Temp. Bde – Li Kuo-chun
---37th Sep. Bde.- Chen The-da
---Guard Regt. – ?
---Ningpo Defense Commander – Wan Kao-lan
-Central Force Gen. Zhu Shao Liang
--9th Army Group -
---72nd Corps – Sun Yuan-liang
----88th Division – Sun Yuan-liang[g]
----Peace Preservation Group
----1st Regiment, 20th Sep. Bde
---78th Corps – Sung Hsi-lien
----36th Div. – Sung Hsi-lien[g]
---71st Corps – Wang Ching-chin
----87th Div. – Wang Ching-chin[g]
---8th Corps – Huang Chieh
----61st Div. – Chung Sung
----Salt Gabelle Div. – Huang Chieh
---3rd Divison – Li Yu-tang[g]
---18th Divison – Chu Yao-hua
---Shanghai Garrison Commander - Yang Hu
---1st Btn. 3rd Rgt. 2nd Art. Bde
---2 Heavy Mortar Units
---2 Anti-tank batteries
---1 Light tank Battalion
-21st Army Group - Liao Lei
--1st Corps – Hu Tsung-nan
---1st Div.- Li Tieh-chun
---32nd Div.- Wang Hsiu-shen
---78th Div.- Li Wen
--48th Corps – Wei Yun-sung
---173rd Div.- Huo Wei-chen
---174th Div.- Wang Tsan-pin
---176th Div. - Ou Shou-nien
--171st Div. – Yang Cun-chang
--19th Div – Li Chueh
--16th Div. - Peng Sung-ling
-Left Wing Force - General Chen Cheng
--19th Army Group – Hsueh Yueh
---66th Corps – Yeh Chao
----159th Div. – Tan Sui
----160th Div. – Yeh Chao
---75th Corps – Chao Ai
----6th Div. – Chao Ai[g]
---2nd Corps – Li Yen-nien
----9th Div. – Li Yen-nien[g]
---25th Corps – Wan Yao-huang
----13th Div. – Wan Yao-huang
---20th Corps – Yang Sen
----133rd Div. – Yang Han-yu
----134th Div. – Yang Han-chung
---69th Corps – Yuan Chao-chang
----57th Div. – Yuan Chao-chang
--15th Army Group – Lo Cho-yin
---44th Div. – Chen Yung
---16th Art. Regt.
---16th Army – Lo Cho-ying
----18th Corps - Lo Cho-ying
-----60th Div. - Chen Pei
-----11th Div. - Peng Shan
-----67th Div. - Huag Wei
----54th Corps - Huo Kuei-chang
-----14th Div. - Chen Lieh[g]
-----98th Div. - Hisa Chu-chung
----74th Corps - Yu Chi-shih
-----51st Div. - Wang Yao-wu
-----58th Div. - Yu Chi-shih
----39th Corps – Liu Ho-ting
-----34th Sep. Bde. – Lo Chi-chiang
-----56th Div. - Liu Shang-chih
----4th Corps – Wu Chi-wei
-----90th Div. – Ou Chen
----73rd Corps – Wang Tung-yuan
-----15th Div. – Wang Chih-pin
---15th Army – Liu Hsing
----102 Div.- Po Hui-chang
----103 Div.- Ho Chih-chung
----53 Div.- Li Yun-heng
----23 Div. - Li Pi-fan
---57th Corps – Miao Cheng-liu
----111th Div. - Chang En-tuo
----112th Div. - Huo Shou-yi
-River Defence Forces Gen. Liu Hsing
--Chiangyin Fortress Commander - Hsu Kang
--Chenchiang Fortress Commander - Lin Hsien-yang
--2nd Regt. Kiangsu Peace Preservation Force
--1st Btn 8th Art. Regt.
--11th Army - Shang-kuan Yunhsiang
---40th Div - Liu Pei-hsu
---33rd Div. - Ma Hsing-hsien
--12th Army - Chang Fang
---76th Div - Wang Ling-yun
---43rd Corps - Kuo Ju-tung
----26th Div. - Liu Yu-ching
--1st Btn. 3rd Art. Rgt.
--4th Art. Rgt.
--1st Btn. 10th Hvy Art. Rgt.
Navy - ?
-- Composition? Ships, men
Airforce - ?
Squadrons ? Aircraft types and numbers?
Battle of Nanking
-Capital Garrison Forces Gen.Tang Sheng-chih
--72nd Corps – Sun Yuan-liang
---88th Division – Sun Yuan-liang[g]
--78th Corps – Sung Hsi-lien
---36th Div. – Sung Hsi-lien[g]
--74th Corps - Yu Chi-shih
---51st Div. - Wang Yao-wu
---58th Div. - Yu Chi-shih
--66th Corps – Yeh Chao
---159th Div. – Tan Sui
---160th Div. – Yeh Chao
--71st Corps – Wang Ching-chin
---87th Div. – Wang Ching-chin[g]
--2nd Army - Hsu Yuan-chuan
---41st Div.- ?
---48th Div.- ?
---155th Div.- ?
---83rd Corps-?
----156th Div -?
----103rd Div.- ?
----121st Div -?
---Capital Garrison CinC - Ku Cheng-lun
----Training Div.- Gen Huei Yung-ching?
----MP units (about 2 regts)
----Chiangning Fortress Cdr – Shao Pai chang
-23rd Army Group Gen. Gen. Liu Hsing
--144th Divison - Gen. Ko Hsun-chi
--145th Division -?
--146th Division -?
--147th Division -?
--148th Division -?
Sources:
[1] Hsu Long-hsuen and Chang Ming-kai, History of The Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945) 2nd Ed. ,1971. Translated by Wen Ha-hsiung , Chung Wu Publishing; 33, 140th Lane, Tung-hwa Street, Taipei, Taiwan Republic of China.
[2] Jowett, Phillip S. , Rays of The Rising Sun, Armed Forces of Japan’s Asian Allies 1931-45, Volume I: China & Manchuria, 2004. Helion & Co. Ltd., 26 Willow Rd., Solihul, West Midlands, England.
[M144] Monograph 144 Chapter II http://www.ibiblio.org/pha/monos/144/14 ... 20Incident
[Kirk] From: http://mailer.fsu.edu/~akirk/tanks/Stor ... 945_ed.htm
[T] Taki’s IMPERIAL JAPANESE ARMY PAGE http://www3.plala.or.jp/takihome/
[PWf] Forum: Pacific War 1941-1945, discussion about Shanghai Defense force Aug. 11 1937 http://f16.parsimony.net/forum27947/messages/6197.htm
[g] German trained Divisions
Shanghai Campaign (Aug. 11 – Mid Dec. 1937 )[1]
750.000 Chinese and 250.000 Japanese involved. *
Japanese occupied Shanghai.
The battle for Shanghai began on 13 August when Marines of the Japanese Navy clashed with the Chinese Army whilst seeking to protect Japanese interests in Shanghai during mid August.
On 21 August China and the USSR signed a Treaty of Nonaggression and agreements on military-technical assistance.
During the night of 22/23 August the Japanese launched an amphibious operation to relieve the Shanghai garrison and establish a beachhead within which was built an airfield (Kunda airfield).
Japan
Japanese Settlement at Shanghai defense forces - Rear Admiral Denshichi Okawachi
- Shanghai Special Naval Landing Force (2,500 men)
-- 1st Battalion +
-- 2nd Battalion +
-- 3rd Battalion +
-- 4th Battalion #
-- 9th Battalion +
Prior to hotilities: Total force (2,500 men) [T]@
-Special Naval Landing Force reinforcements as of 8/1/37 from 3rd Fleet units: [M144]
-- 8th Sentai NLF ***
-- 1st Destroyer Sentai NLF ****
-- 3rd Destroyer Sentai NLF
-- Izumo NLF *****
-Special Naval Landing Force reinforcements 8/18-19/37 ++
--5th Battalion (Sasebo 1st SNLF, 16th Destroyer Unit) *
--6th Battalion (Kure 2nd SNLF)
--7th Battalion (Kure 1st SNLF)
--8th Battalion (Yokosuka 1st SNLF, 11th Sentai) **
Total force 8/19/37 (5000 men) [T], [M144], ++ @
- Reservists and volunteers 5,000 men
- Defending the settlement 10,000 men total [1]
@ There was a tank company in the the Shanghai SNLF in peacetime. It was disbanded when it was shifted to wartime formation and tanks were dispersed to infantry units. They had Type 89 Medium Tanks, Vickers Crossley Armored Cars, Type 92 Armored Cars, Hokoku Armored Cars and Carden Loyd Mk.VI. [Taki on PWf]
+ The original SNLF Battalions are 1st to 3rd and 9th Battalions. [Taki on PWf]
# 4th Battalion was an artillery unit in the the Shanghai SNLF in peacetime. When the war broke out, it was also disbanded and artillery were dispersed to infantry units. [Taki on PWf]
++ These were the reinforcement Batalions were 5th to 8th. They arrived Shanghai between Aug. 18th and 19th. [Taki on PWf]
* With the outbreak of the North China Incident, the 16th Destroyer Division was dispatched to the north from South China. Apparently they disgorged their SNLF detachement in Shanghai by Aug 11.
** 11th Sentai NLF landed from 11th Gunboat Division that had gathered in Shanghai by Aug. 11. [M144]
*** 8th Sentai, NLF landed from 8th Cruiser Division anchored at Shanghai Aug. 11. [M144]
**** 1st Destroyer Sentai NLF landed from 1st Destroyer Division anchored at Shanghai Aug. 11. [M144]
***** Izumo NLF Landed from Battleship Izumo (flagship of 3rd Fleet) anchored at Shanghai Aug. 11. [M144]
- 3rd Fleet : 20+ Warships 5 Transports at Shanghai [1]
– Izumo
- 11th Gunboat Division - Rear Admiral Tanimoto Umataro[M144]
-- flagship Yaeyama, Hozu, Futami and Kotaka from Hankow
--Katada, Sumida and Kuri in Shanghai
--Tsuga from Nanking,
--Hasu from Wuhu,
--Atami from Kiukiang,
--Seta from Changsha,
--Toba from Ichang,
--Hira from Chungking
- 8th Sentai Cruiser Division - Rear Admiral Nagumo
--(Kinu, Natori, Yura)
-1st Destroyer Sentai - Rear Admiral Yoshida
--(Sendai)
--- ? Destroyer Group (Tai)
--- ? Destroyer Group (Tai)
--- ? Destroyer Group (Tai)
Third Fleet was assigned for over-all operations in China. Second Fleet was assigned to escort army transports. With the dispatch of troops to the Tsingtao area, the Second Fleet assumed responsibility for operations in North China waters, while the Third Fleet operated in Central and South China waters. These areas of operation were divided by the Lung-Hai railroad, starting from Hai-chou, and included the area of North China Operations.
----------------------------
Shanghai Expeditionary Force – Gen. Sekikon Matsui (From Aug. 16th 1937)
- 5th Tank Battalion - Colonel Hosomi**
- 7th Independent machine gun brigade? battalion? [CDF]
- 8th Independent Light Armor Company [Kirk] [CDF]
- 9th Independent Light Armor Company [Kirk] [Taki/ PWf]
- ? Independent Light Armor Company [Kirk]
- 10th Feild Heavy Artillery Regiment[CDF] [Taki/ PWf]
-- 24 Type 4 150mm Howitzers [Taki/ PWf]
- 4th Army Mortar Battalion? [CDF]
-- 150mm mortars(1887) [Taki/ PWf]
- Field operation anti-aircraft artillery 3 row [CDF]
- Field air defense team 3rd Battery? [CDF] - 8th Independent Army Engineer Regiment[CDF]
- 6th Independent air squadron [CDF]
- Shanghai dispatch signal communication unit [CDF] - 5th Independent heavy artillery Brigade? [CDF]
-- 48 150mm Howitzers?
- 6th Independent heavy artillery Brigade? [CDF] [Taki/ PWf]
-- 13th Field Heavy Artillery Regiments, 24 Type 4 15cm Howitzers.
-- 14th Field Heavy Artillery Regiments, 24 Type 4 15cm Howitzers.
- Army Logistics depot [CDF]
- 3rd Division - Gen. ? (landing Aug.22nd)
--5th Infantry Brigade
--- 6th Infantry Regiment
--- 68th Infantry Regiment
--29th Infantry Brigade
--- 18th Infantry Regiment
--- 34th Infantry Regiment
-- 3rd Field Artillery Regiment
-- 3rd Cavalry Regiment
-- 3rd Engineer Regiment
-- 3rd Transport Regiment
-- 9th Division - Gen. ? (landing reinforcements late Aug.)
--- 6th Infantry Brigade
---- 7th Infantry Regiment
---- 35th Infantry Regiment
---18th Infantry Brigade
---- 19th Infantry Regiment
---- 36th Infantry Regiment
--- 9th Mountain Artillery Regiment
--- 9th Cavalry Regiment
--- 9th Engineer Regiment
--- 9th Transport Regiment
-- 11th Division - Gen. ? (landing Aug.22nd)
--- 10th Infantry Brigade
---- 12th Infantry Regiment
---- 22nd Infantry Regiment
--- 22nd Infantry Brigade
---- 43rd Infantry Regiment
---- 44th Infantry Regiment
--- 11th Mountain Artillery Regiment
--- 11th Cavalry Regiment
--- 11th Engineer Regiment
--- 11th Transport Regiment
-- 13th Division - Gen. ? (landing reinforcements late Aug.)
--- 26th Infantry Brigade
---- 58th Infantry Regiment
---- 116th Infantry Regiment
--- 103rd Infantry Brigade
---- 65th Infantry Regiment
---- 104th Infantry Regiment
--- 19th Mountain Artilley Regiment
--- 17th Cavalry Regiment
--- 13th Engineer Regiment
--- 13th Transport Regiment
-- 16th Division – Gen. Kesao Nakashima (from N. China Nov 12/37, land Pai mao kou)
--- 19th Infantry Brigade
---- 9th Infantry Regiment
---- 20th Infantry Regiment
--- 30th Infantry Brigade
---- 33rd Infantry Regiment
---- 38th Infantry Regiment
--- 22nd Field Artillery Regiment
--- 20th Cavalry Regiment
--- 16th Engineer Regiment
--- 16th Transport Regiment
-- 101st Division - Gen. ? (arrived Sept 7-16)
--- 101st Infantry Brigade
---- 101st Infantry Regiment
---- 149th Infantry Regiment
--- 102nd Infantry Brigade
---- 103rd Infantry Regiment
---- 157th Infantry Regiment
--- 101st Field Artillery Regiment
--- 101st Cavalry Regiment
--- 101st Engineer Regiment
--- 101st Transport Regiment
--Shigeto Detachment, regiment sized, was later expanded into the Formosa Mixed Brigade. [Taki/ PWf] (arrived Sept 7-16)
-- composition?
-- Formosa Brigade - Gen. Shigeto? (Nov. 12/37, landed at Pai mao kou)
--- 1st Formosa Infantry Rgt
--- 2nd Formosa Infantry Rgt.
--- Formosa artillery Btn.?
--- Formosa engineer Btn.
--- Formosa Transport Rgt.
Units with Shanghai Expeditionary Force unknown a
- ? Manchukuoan Bde. - Li Chung-shan (arrived Sept 7-16)
-- composition?
- ? Manchukuoan Bde. - Yu Chih-shan (arrived Sept 7-16)
-- composition?
- SNLF force - ? (arrived Sept 7-16?)
-- composition?
- 1 puppet (Manchukuoan?) Bde. Pacification Corps - ?
-- composition?
- 1st Reserve Inf. Regt. [1]
- 2nd Reserve Inf. Regt. [Kirk]
- three independent light tank battalions(companies?) [Kirk] (8th , 9th? , ?)
-------------------------- Oct. 29th 1937
Central China Front Army – Gen. Iwane Matsui
This Army was formed on Oct. 29th 1937 to coordinate the Shanghai Expeditionary Army and the 10th Army.
- Shanghai Expeditionary Force - Gen. Iwane Matsui,
- Major Gen. Asakanomiya Yasuhiko from Dec.
-- See above.
- 10th Army – Major Gen. Heisuke Yamagawa (Nov. 5th landing at Chin shan wei)
-- support units?
-- 9th Independent Light Armor Company [Taki/ PWf]
-- 2nd Independent Mountain Gun Regiment[Taki/ PWf]
-- 6th Independent Heavy Artillery Brigade [CDF] [Taki/ PWf]
--- 13th Field Heavy Artillery Regiments, 24 Type 4 15cm Howitzers.
--- 14th Field Heavy Artillery Regiments, 24 Type 4 15cm Howitzers.
--6th Division - Lt. Gen. Tani
---11th Infantry Brigade
----13th Infantry Regiment
----47th Infantry Regiment
---36th Infantry Brigade
----23rd Infantry Regiment
----45th Infantry Regiment
---6th Field Artillery Regiment
---6th Cavalry Regiment
---6th Engineer Regiment
---6th Transport Regiment
--18th Division - Lt. Gen. Ushijima (from Japan Nov. 5th /37)
---23rd Infantry Brigade
----55th Infantry Regiment
----56th Infantry Regiment
---35th Infantry Brigade
----114th Infantry Regiment
----124th Infantry Regiment
---18th Mountain Artillery Regiment
---22nd Cavalry Battalion
---12th Engineer Regiment
---12th Transport Regiment
--114th Division - Lt. Gen. Suematsu (from Japan Nov. 5th /37)
---127th Infantry Brigade
----66th Infantry Regiment
----115th Infantry Regiment
---128th Infantry Brigade
----102nd Infantry Regiment
----150th Infantry Regiment
---120th Field Artillery Regt
---118th Cavalry Regiment
---114th Engineer Regiment
---114th Transport Regiment
-- Kunizaki Column - Gen. Kunisaki (from North China Nov. 5th /37)
--Kunisaki Detachment was brigade sized (about 5,000 men). Formed from the 9th Infantry Brigade of the 5th Division, attached to the 10th Army. [Taki/ PWf]
---9th Infantry Brigade
----11th Infantry Regiment
----41st Infantry Regiment
--- elements of
5th Mountain Artillery Regiment
5th Cavalry Regiment
5th Engineer Regiment
5th Transport Regiment
answer to: Re: Shanghai Expeditionary Force oob 8/11-11/15/1937 written by Taki at 10 Mar 2005 13:41:37:
>>Where is that complete list to be found?
>Here.
>http://www.jacar.go.jp/
>Reference Code:C01005685400
>But, note that the source is in Japanese.
Japanese Aircraft (from Japan Nov. 5th /37)
- 3rd Army Air Force Division - Gen. ?
-- composition?
--? Air Brigades , # planes, types?
200000men, 300+guns, 300 tanks?, 200 planes [1]
3rd Fleet:– Vice Admiral Hasegawa
- (Izumo - flagship of 3rd Fleet)
- 8th Sentai - Rear Admiral Nagumo
--(Kinu, Natori, Yura)
- 9th Sentai - Rear Admiral Kobayashi
--(Myoko, Tama)
- 10th Sentai - Rear Admiral Shimomura
--(Tenryu, Tatsuta)
- 11th Sentai - Rear Admiral Tanimoto
-- 13 gunboats:
-- flagship Yaeyama, Hozu, Futami and Kotaka from Hankow,
-- Katada, Sumida and Kuri in Shanghai,
-- Tsuga from Nanking,
-- Hasu from Wuhu,
-- Atami from Kiukiang,
-- Seta from Changsha,
-- Toba from Ichang,
-- Hira from Chungking
- 1st Destroyer Sentai - Rear Admiral Yoshida
--(Sendai)
--- ? Destroyer Group (Tai) 4 Destroyers
--- ? Destroyer Group (Tai) 4 Destroyers
--- ? Destroyer Group (Tai) 4 Destroyers
- 3rd Destroyer Sentai - Rear Admiral Kondo
-- (Kitakami)
--- ? Destroyer Group (Tai) 4 Destroyers
--- ? Destroyer Group (Tai) 4 Destroyers
--- ? Destroyer Group (Tai) 4 Destroyers
- 5th Destroyer Sentai - Rear Admiral Okuma
-- (Yubari)
--- 16th Destroyer Group (Tai) 4 Destroyers
--- ? Destroyer Group (Tai) 4 Destroyers
-1st Submarine Sentai - Rear Admiral Komatsu
--(Isuzu)and 2 submarine groups) Subs: #'s I-1, I-3, I-4 , I-5, I-6 , ?
-- 7th Submarine Group (Tai) - Cdr;Cpt.Mito Hisashi; [Taki / PWf]
--- ?
-- 8th Submarine Group (Tai) - Cpt.Akiyama Katsuzo; [Taki / PWf]
-- ?
- 1st Minesweeper Group (Tai)
-- ?
- 11th Minesweeper Group (Tai)
-- ?
- Special Air Group %
-- 1st United Kokutai [1st Rengo Kokutai] 1st Rengo Kokutai (Combined ----- Air Group) advanced to the base at Taipei, Taiwan.
--- Kisarazu Kokutai -? Cheju-Do, Korea
---- ? Fighter Daitai - Type 95 carrier fighters (Nakajima A4N1)?
---- ? Bomber Daitai - Mitsubishi G3M Bomber "Nell"
---- ? Attack Daitai 7+ Type 95 land-based attack aircraft Hiro G2H1
---- The Kisarazu Kokutai lost one Hiro G2H1 (Type 95 land-based attack ---- aircraft) (of a total of seven G2H1s) when they flew to Cheju-Do ----- during August.
--- Kanoya Kokutai -?
---- In August the Kanoya Kokutai was integrated into the 1st Rengo
---- Kokutai (Combined Air Group)and advanced to the base at Taipei.
---- ? aircraft
---- ? Fighter Daitai - Nakajima A4N1 [3]
---- ? Bomber Daitai
----- 9 Mitsubishi G3M Bomber "Nell" Lieutenant Commander Nitta [3]
----- 9 Mitsubishi G3M Bomber "Nell" Lieutenant Commander Asano [3]
-- 2nd United Kokutai [2nd Rengo Kokutai] - Chowshihtze
On 7 August the unit advanced to the Chowshihtze (Shusuishi) airport in Luda (Dairen) where it was engaged in convoy escort duties.
---12th Kokutai - ?
--- On 11 July the 12th Kokutai was immediately posted to the 2nd Rengo --- Kokutai (Combined Air Group). As the war situation in the Shanghai area became more critical, the 12th Kokutai was posted to the 3rd Fleet on 5 September and advanced to the Kunda base in Shanghai. The unit was employed in ground support and air defense operations.
---- ? Fighter Daitai 12 Type 95 carrier fighters (Nakajima A4N1),
---- ? Bomber Daitai 12 Type 94 carrier bombers (Aichi D1A1)
---- ? Attack Daitai 12 Type 92 carrier attack aircraft (Yokosuka B3Y1)
---13th Kokutai? -?
--- On 7 August the unit advanced to the Chowshihtze (Shusuishi)
---airport in Luda (Dairen) but returned to its own base by the end of ---August. On 5 September the 13th Kokutai also received orders to move to Shanghai. On 9 September the unit deployed via Cheju Island to the Kunda airfield in Shanghai, then under bombardment. For a few days the unit was engaged in strafing enemy ground forces in the vicinity of the air base.
---- ? Fighter Daitai 12 Type 96 carrier fighters (Mitsubishi A5M)
---- ? Bomber Daitai 6 Type 96 carrier bombers (Aichi D1A2)
---- ? Attack Daitai 12 Type 96 carrier attack (Yokosuka B4Y1).
-- 21st Kokutai
--- ? aircraft? Recon Nakajima E8N[3]
-- 22nd Kokutai
--- ? aircraft? Recon Nakajima E8N[3]
-- 23rd Kokutai
--- ? aircraft?
-- 12th Sentai - Rear Admiral Miyata
---(Okinoshima)
---(Kamoi[seaplane tender])
---- 12 NAKAJIMA TYPE 95 RECON SEAPLANE (E8N1-DAVE)
--- 28th Destroyer Group
---- ( ?) 4 Destroyers
-- 1st Air Sentai - Rear Admiral Takasu
--- (Hosho) 26 aircraft capacity %1
---- ? x A2N fighters
--- (Ryujo) 48 aircraft capacity %1
---- ? aircraft?
----- Fighter Daitai - Nakajima A2N [3]
----- Bomber Daitai - ?
----- Attack Daitai - ?
--- 30th Destroyer Group
----(? ) 4 Destroyers
-- 2nd Air Sentai - Rear Admiral Horie
--- (Kaga) 90 aircraft capacity %1
---- 22 carrier attack aircraft (Type 89 Mitsubishi B2Ms,
-----Type 95 Mitsubishi A5M )[3]
---- 14 carrier bombers (Aichi D1A1s, A2's)
---- 16 A2N fighters.
---- ? Type 96 Yokosuka B4Y1 Torpedo bomber [3]
--- 22nd Destroyer Group
---- (? )4 Destroyers
% Air group was temporarily formed and attached to 3rd Fleet.
%1 1http://homepage2.nifty.com/nishidah/e/stc0201.htm 26 plane capacity.
[1] Hsu Long-hsuen and Chang Ming-kai, History of The Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945) 2nd Ed. ,1971. Translated by Wen Ha-hsiung , Chung Wu Publishing; 33, 140th Lane, Tung-hwa Street, Taipei, Taiwan Republic of China.
Named Japanese ships at Shanghai:
Fleet HQ: Izumo , Notoro. Shanghai SNLF
1st Task Force (Syake flag), (10 Gunboats, Tenryu, Hirado, Togiwa, Zushima, and 5 Destroyers )
3rd Squadron (Naka F), Yura
1st Torpedo Squadron: (Yubari; flagship)
1st Aviation Squadron - (Kaga; flag) Housho and 4 destroyers
After hostilities
Izumo and 16th Destroyer Squadron
1sth Security Force 11th Squadron
2nd Sec.urity Force 8th Squadron and 1st Torpedo Squadron
[3] Sino-Japanese Air War 1937-45 http://surfcity.kund.dalnet.se/sino-japanese.htm
----------------------------------------------
* IJA fielded 300,000 men, 200 tanks, 200 aircraft and large number of warships. [Kirk]
Japanese fielded 200000men, 300+guns, 300 tanks?, 200 planes [1]
**32 Type 89 Medium Tanks, 15 Type 94 Tankettes[T]
China
---------------------- Aug. 7 1937
Wusung – Shanghai Seige Area (Aug. 7 1937)[1]
-Nanking Shanghai Garrison – Chang Chih-Chung *
--36th Div. – Sung Hsi-lien[g]
--87th Div. – Wang Ching-chin[g]
--88th Division – Sun Yuan-liang[g]
--55th Div. – Li Sung-Chan
--56th Div. – Liu Ho-ting (later Liu Shang-chih)
--57th Div. – Yuan Chao-chang
--20th Sep. Bde – Gen. Chen Mien-wu
--Wusung-Shanghai Garrison Units (Peace Preservation Group)
*(50,000 men).[T]
Navy - ?
-- Composition? Ships, men
Airforce - ?
1st Group, bomber, Tuplev ANT 40 SB III, VI, B-25.
2nd Group, bombers Northrop Gamma 2B, Tuplev ANT 40 SB III, B-25
3rd Group, fighters Fiat CR.30, Hawk, Polikarpov E.15bis and E.16, P-40C, P-51D
4th Group, fighters Curtiss 68C Hawk III, Polikarpov E.15bis and E.16, P-40N
5th Group, fighters, Polikarpov E.15bis, P-40N, P-51D
6th Group, bombers
8th Group, bombers, Martin B-10B, Ilyushin DB-3 (later into the Composite Group)
9th Group, fighters Curtiss 68C Hawk III
10th Squadron, bomber, Vultee V-12
11th Group, fighters, P-40N
12th Group, bomber
Temporary Organised Group
-- Air Cadet Flying School. Fighter, Curtiss 68C Hawk III
-- Reconnaissance Squadron, Republic RP-43?
-------------- Aug 20. 1937
3rd War Area - Generalisimo Chiang Kai-skek (Aug 20. 1937)[1]
Wusung – Shanghai Seige Area
-9th Army Group - Gen. Chang Chih-Chung (Aug. 20, 1937)
-- 36th Div. – Gen. Sung Hsi-lien[g]
-- 56th Div. – Gen. Liu Ho-Ting
-- 87th Div. – Gen. Wang Ching-chin[g]
-- 88th Division – Gen. Sun Yuan-liang[g]
--20th Sep. Bde – Gen. Chen Mien-wu
-- Training Div.(part – Gen Huei Yung-ching[g]
-- Wusung-Shanghai Garrison Units (Peace Preservation Group)
-- 10th Hvy Artillery Regiment
-- 3rd Artillery Regiment
-- 8th Artillery Regiment
-- 2 Heavy Mortar Units
-- 2 Anti-tank batteries
-- 1 Light tank Battalion
Yangtse River Right Bank Garrison Sector
-54th Corps – Gen. Huo Kwei-chang
--11th Div. – Gen. Peng Shan
--14th Div. - Gen. Chen Lieh[g]
--67th Div. - Gen. Huang Wei
--16th Artillery Regiment (under command of Seige Area)
Yangtse River Left Bank Garrison Sector
-57th Corps – Miao Cheng-liu
--111th Div. – Gen. Chen En-to
--112th Div. – Gen. Huo Shuo-yi
Hangchow Bay Left Bank Garrison Sector
-8th Army Group – Gen. Chang Fa-kuei
--61st Div. – Gen. Chung Sung
--62nd Div. – Gen. Tao Liu
--55th Div. – Gen. Li Sung-shan
--57th Div. – Gen. Yuan Shao-chang
--45th Sep. Bde. – Gen. Chan Luan-chi
--2nd Artillery Regt.
East Chekiang Garrison Sector
-10th Army Group – Gen. Liu Chien-hsu
--16th Div. – Gen. Peng Shung-ling
--63rd Div. – Gen. Chen Kuang-chung
--19th Div. – Gen. Li Chueh
--52nd Div. – Gen. Lu Hsin-jung
--New 34th Div. - ?
--37th Sep. Bde. – Gen. Chen Teh-fa
--11th Provisional Bde. – Gen Chou Hsi-ching
--12th Provisional Bde. – Gen. Li Kuo-chun
--13th Provisional Bde. – Gen. Yang Yung-ching
Navy - ?
-- Composition? Ships, men
Airforce - ?
Squadrons ? Aircraft types and numbers?
------------ after late Sept. 1937
3rd War Area - Generalisimo Chiang Kai-skek (after late Sept. 1937)[1]
-Right Wing Force - General Chang Fa Kuei
--8th Army Group - General Chang Fa Kuei
---28th Corps - Tao Kuang
----62nd Div. – Tao Kuang
----63rd Div. – Chen Kuang-chung
--55th Div. – Li Sung-Chan
--45th Sep. Bde. – Chang Luan-chi
--Artillery Btn., Training Div.
--10th Army Group - Liu Chien-hsu
---11th Reserve Div. – Hu –Ta
---128th Div. – Ku Chia-chi
---45th Div. – Tai Min-chuan
---52nd Div. – Lu Hsin-jung
---11th Temp. Bde – Chou Hsi-ching
---12th Temp. Bde – Li Kuo-chun
---37th Sep. Bde.- Chen The-da
---Guard Regt. – ?
---Ningpo Defense Commander – Wan Kao-lan
-Central Force Gen. Zhu Shao Liang
--9th Army Group -
---72nd Corps – Sun Yuan-liang
----88th Division – Sun Yuan-liang[g]
----Peace Preservation Group
----1st Regiment, 20th Sep. Bde
---78th Corps – Sung Hsi-lien
----36th Div. – Sung Hsi-lien[g]
---71st Corps – Wang Ching-chin
----87th Div. – Wang Ching-chin[g]
---8th Corps – Huang Chieh
----61st Div. – Chung Sung
----Salt Gabelle Div. – Huang Chieh
---3rd Divison – Li Yu-tang[g]
---18th Divison – Chu Yao-hua
---Shanghai Garrison Commander - Yang Hu
---1st Btn. 3rd Rgt. 2nd Art. Bde
---2 Heavy Mortar Units
---2 Anti-tank batteries
---1 Light tank Battalion
-21st Army Group - Liao Lei
--1st Corps – Hu Tsung-nan
---1st Div.- Li Tieh-chun
---32nd Div.- Wang Hsiu-shen
---78th Div.- Li Wen
--48th Corps – Wei Yun-sung
---173rd Div.- Huo Wei-chen
---174th Div.- Wang Tsan-pin
---176th Div. - Ou Shou-nien
--171st Div. – Yang Cun-chang
--19th Div – Li Chueh
--16th Div. - Peng Sung-ling
-Left Wing Force - General Chen Cheng
--19th Army Group – Hsueh Yueh
---66th Corps – Yeh Chao
----159th Div. – Tan Sui
----160th Div. – Yeh Chao
---75th Corps – Chao Ai
----6th Div. – Chao Ai[g]
---2nd Corps – Li Yen-nien
----9th Div. – Li Yen-nien[g]
---25th Corps – Wan Yao-huang
----13th Div. – Wan Yao-huang
---20th Corps – Yang Sen
----133rd Div. – Yang Han-yu
----134th Div. – Yang Han-chung
---69th Corps – Yuan Chao-chang
----57th Div. – Yuan Chao-chang
--15th Army Group – Lo Cho-yin
---44th Div. – Chen Yung
---16th Art. Regt.
---16th Army – Lo Cho-ying
----18th Corps - Lo Cho-ying
-----60th Div. - Chen Pei
-----11th Div. - Peng Shan
-----67th Div. - Huag Wei
----54th Corps - Huo Kuei-chang
-----14th Div. - Chen Lieh[g]
-----98th Div. - Hisa Chu-chung
----74th Corps - Yu Chi-shih
-----51st Div. - Wang Yao-wu
-----58th Div. - Yu Chi-shih
----39th Corps – Liu Ho-ting
-----34th Sep. Bde. – Lo Chi-chiang
-----56th Div. - Liu Shang-chih
----4th Corps – Wu Chi-wei
-----90th Div. – Ou Chen
----73rd Corps – Wang Tung-yuan
-----15th Div. – Wang Chih-pin
---15th Army – Liu Hsing
----102 Div.- Po Hui-chang
----103 Div.- Ho Chih-chung
----53 Div.- Li Yun-heng
----23 Div. - Li Pi-fan
---57th Corps – Miao Cheng-liu
----111th Div. - Chang En-tuo
----112th Div. - Huo Shou-yi
-River Defence Forces Gen. Liu Hsing
--Chiangyin Fortress Commander - Hsu Kang
--Chenchiang Fortress Commander - Lin Hsien-yang
--2nd Regt. Kiangsu Peace Preservation Force
--1st Btn 8th Art. Regt.
--11th Army - Shang-kuan Yunhsiang
---40th Div - Liu Pei-hsu
---33rd Div. - Ma Hsing-hsien
--12th Army - Chang Fang
---76th Div - Wang Ling-yun
---43rd Corps - Kuo Ju-tung
----26th Div. - Liu Yu-ching
--1st Btn. 3rd Art. Rgt.
--4th Art. Rgt.
--1st Btn. 10th Hvy Art. Rgt.
Navy - ?
-- Composition? Ships, men
Airforce - ?
Squadrons ? Aircraft types and numbers?
Battle of Nanking
-Capital Garrison Forces Gen.Tang Sheng-chih
--72nd Corps – Sun Yuan-liang
---88th Division – Sun Yuan-liang[g]
--78th Corps – Sung Hsi-lien
---36th Div. – Sung Hsi-lien[g]
--74th Corps - Yu Chi-shih
---51st Div. - Wang Yao-wu
---58th Div. - Yu Chi-shih
--66th Corps – Yeh Chao
---159th Div. – Tan Sui
---160th Div. – Yeh Chao
--71st Corps – Wang Ching-chin
---87th Div. – Wang Ching-chin[g]
--2nd Army - Hsu Yuan-chuan
---41st Div.- ?
---48th Div.- ?
---155th Div.- ?
---83rd Corps-?
----156th Div -?
----103rd Div.- ?
----121st Div -?
---Capital Garrison CinC - Ku Cheng-lun
----Training Div.- Gen Huei Yung-ching?
----MP units (about 2 regts)
----Chiangning Fortress Cdr – Shao Pai chang
-23rd Army Group Gen. Gen. Liu Hsing
--144th Divison - Gen. Ko Hsun-chi
--145th Division -?
--146th Division -?
--147th Division -?
--148th Division -?
Sources:
[1] Hsu Long-hsuen and Chang Ming-kai, History of The Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945) 2nd Ed. ,1971. Translated by Wen Ha-hsiung , Chung Wu Publishing; 33, 140th Lane, Tung-hwa Street, Taipei, Taiwan Republic of China.
[2] Jowett, Phillip S. , Rays of The Rising Sun, Armed Forces of Japan’s Asian Allies 1931-45, Volume I: China & Manchuria, 2004. Helion & Co. Ltd., 26 Willow Rd., Solihul, West Midlands, England.
[M144] Monograph 144 Chapter II http://www.ibiblio.org/pha/monos/144/14 ... 20Incident
[Kirk] From: http://mailer.fsu.edu/~akirk/tanks/Stor ... 945_ed.htm
[T] Taki’s IMPERIAL JAPANESE ARMY PAGE http://www3.plala.or.jp/takihome/
[PWf] Forum: Pacific War 1941-1945, discussion about Shanghai Defense force Aug. 11 1937 http://f16.parsimony.net/forum27947/messages/6197.htm
[g] German trained Divisions
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Zebedee
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Peter H
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asiaticus
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Re Shanghai oob
Thanks. If anyone can add to or correct this beast post here or send me an email.
BTW I was given a scan of the Shanghai oob in Japanese but sadly I cant read it. Anone know Japanese?
I am working on doing all the oobs from the History of the Sino Japanese War, and adding in anything else I can find to supplement it. I have done the earlier North China oobs and am working on Taiyuan campaign. I was thinking of posting them for coment. and correction.
BTW I was given a scan of the Shanghai oob in Japanese but sadly I cant read it. Anone know Japanese?
I am working on doing all the oobs from the History of the Sino Japanese War, and adding in anything else I can find to supplement it. I have done the earlier North China oobs and am working on Taiyuan campaign. I was thinking of posting them for coment. and correction.
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Andy H
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This OoB & information comes from Startegy & Tatics Number 227 (Bi-Monthly Magazine) written by Joseph Miranda.
Chinese Expeditionary Force, Burma 1942
5th Army
22nd ID
96th ID
200th ID
2xTraining Regt's
1 Cavalry Regt
1 Artillery Regt
1 Engineer Regt
1 Transport/Supply Regt
1 Signals Btn
6th Army
49th ID
55th ID
93rd ID
1 Engineer Btn
1 Artillery Btn
1 Transport/Supply Btn
1 Signals Btn
66th Army
28th ID
29th ID
39th ID
1 Artillery Btn
Northern Area Combat Command SE Asia April 1945
US Mars Force which included the 1st Chinese ID
36th British ID
1st Chinese Corp with 30th & 38th ID's
6th Chinese Corp with 14th,22nd & 50th ID's
& a further 12 unspecified Chinese Divisions came under India/Burma Command within SEAC
The article states that the paper strength of the whole Chinese Army was some 300+Divisions. However only some 30 could be counted as having received adequate training. The rest were under-trained and equipped, and used by local warlords in sorting out local dispute with other warlords, rather than fighting the Japanese.
It gives two approx TOE lists concerning comparative divisonal strengths
Average Chinese Division
Personnel: circa 4,000
MG's: 282
Mortars:119
Light Art: ?
AT-TK Guns: 14
Alpha Chinese Divisions-These were to be trained and equipped by the US
Personnel: circa 10,000
MG's: 406
Mortars: 198
Light Art: circa 18
AT-TK Guns: 24
The totl rifle strength of the Alpha division was to be around 4000, which was the total personnel strength of the aerage Chinese Division
Andy H
Chinese Expeditionary Force, Burma 1942
5th Army
22nd ID
96th ID
200th ID
2xTraining Regt's
1 Cavalry Regt
1 Artillery Regt
1 Engineer Regt
1 Transport/Supply Regt
1 Signals Btn
6th Army
49th ID
55th ID
93rd ID
1 Engineer Btn
1 Artillery Btn
1 Transport/Supply Btn
1 Signals Btn
66th Army
28th ID
29th ID
39th ID
1 Artillery Btn
Northern Area Combat Command SE Asia April 1945
US Mars Force which included the 1st Chinese ID
36th British ID
1st Chinese Corp with 30th & 38th ID's
6th Chinese Corp with 14th,22nd & 50th ID's
& a further 12 unspecified Chinese Divisions came under India/Burma Command within SEAC
The article states that the paper strength of the whole Chinese Army was some 300+Divisions. However only some 30 could be counted as having received adequate training. The rest were under-trained and equipped, and used by local warlords in sorting out local dispute with other warlords, rather than fighting the Japanese.
It gives two approx TOE lists concerning comparative divisonal strengths
Average Chinese Division
Personnel: circa 4,000
MG's: 282
Mortars:119
Light Art: ?
AT-TK Guns: 14
Alpha Chinese Divisions-These were to be trained and equipped by the US
Personnel: circa 10,000
MG's: 406
Mortars: 198
Light Art: circa 18
AT-TK Guns: 24
The totl rifle strength of the Alpha division was to be around 4000, which was the total personnel strength of the aerage Chinese Division
Andy H
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hellraiser
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Leonard
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Zebedee
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Quite possibly true Leonard. I'll need to dig through my sources on this. I'm wondering if the source I used for this: (a) is either wrong or (b) wrong because of poor transliteration. Option (c) is of course error on the part of this poster caused by brain malfunction or doing a poor translation 
If this is the case, well picked up and thank you for for pointing out the error. I'll go hunting the exact source once my RL calms down a little more.
If this is the case, well picked up and thank you for for pointing out the error. I'll go hunting the exact source once my RL calms down a little more.
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thorwald77
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Chinese Casualties 1937-45
I would like to resurrect this thread with a question for Forum members who read Chinese. Are there reliable Chinese sources that detail losses in the war?
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asiaticus
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