A Panzer 3 is all there needed to be

Discussions on alternate history, including events up to 20 years before today. Hosted by Terry Duncan.
Post Reply
HP
Member
Posts: 29
Joined: 28 Apr 2006, 18:07
Location: Finland

Re: A Panzer 3 is all there needed to be

#406

Post by HP » 25 Aug 2022, 11:12

paulrward wrote:
24 Aug 2022, 23:31
Had the Heer standardized on the Pzkw IV chassis, and gone into full production in 1937, they could have had at least 650 tanks
at the outbreak of the war, and, by continuing productions of Pzkw IVs with 37/ 50mm
AT guns - - - the Heer could have had over 1000 tanks by the time of the Battle of France, all with the same chassis, giving them spare parts commonality, maintenance support commnality, and operator training commonality.

However, if Skoda had been ' Encouraged ' to continue production of the Czech T-38,
then you would have been able to make all of the light tanks that were needed.

Paul R. Ward
German tank production 'till 1938 (Perhaps not the best source, but gives scale) https://www.feldgrau.com/ww2-german-arm ... roduction/

Pzkpfw II - 332
Pzkpfw III - 38
Pzkpfw IV - 15

1938
Pzkpfw II - 669
Pzkpfw III - 33
Pzkpfw IV - 102

1939
Pzkpfw II - 246
Pzkpfw III - 206
Pzkpfw IV - 141
Pz (t) 38 - 153

So there's about 500 Pzkpfw III's and IV's produced by the end of 1939. What do you cut in order to get 650? If you scale down Pzkpfw II you can't equip the Panzer divisions (see below). There might also be some issues in starting mass producing Pzkpfw IV in 1937.

No. tanks in units committed to Invasion of Poland in 1939: 2690
No. of tanks in units committed to Fall Gelb 1940: 2579

Source: https://panzerworld.com/battles

Skoda continued with T-38 production 'till 1942 (production in 1938-1942 was over 1400 in total).

A little over 200 Pz(t) 38 were assigned for Fall Gelb. It is very doubtful they could have produced more than they historically did, but if we speculate with a lot of leeway, this number could theoretically have been higher. If we use your estimate of 1000+ Pzkpfw IV's ready, there's still over 1000 tanks that need to be some other type at the time of Fall Gelb (Battle of France). For 1939 Poland campaign they'd need about 2000 other tanks. OTOH they historically fielded 1127 Pzkpfw II in invasion of Poland and 800 at the time of Battle of France, giving them commonality.

They produced over 800 Pzkpfw III's in 1940 and 1700 in 1941 so they were trying to achieve "commonality". They just wanted to do it with Pzkpfw III (with Pzkpfw IV support). But the Germans lacked the industrial capacity to do it in this time frame - this does not change whether they'd concentrated in III or IV.

Konig_pilsner
Member
Posts: 321
Joined: 19 Dec 2003, 08:34
Location: Hamilton, Canada

Re: A Panzer 3 is all there needed to be

#407

Post by Konig_pilsner » 25 Aug 2022, 15:08

But the Germans lacked the industrial capacity to do it in this time frame - this does not change whether they'd concentrated in III or IV.
Hi HP.

You are misunderstanding.

The main battle tank envisioned for the Heer was the Panzer 3.
The panzer 3 wasn't being produced in 1937-38 because it was still in development.
The Panzer 4 was designed as a support tank for the Panzer 3.
The panzer 4 wasn't being built in large numbers in 1937-38 because they were not needed.
There might also be some issues in starting mass producing Pzkpfw IV in 1937.
Agreed, but the sooner you start the sooner the output increases.
Industrial capacity didn't delay production, it was the lack of an accepted design.


Richard Anderson
Member
Posts: 6398
Joined: 01 Jan 2016, 22:21
Location: Bremerton, Washington

Re: A Panzer 3 is all there needed to be

#408

Post by Richard Anderson » 25 Aug 2022, 18:58

Konig_pilsner wrote:
25 Aug 2022, 15:08
You are misunderstanding.
As are you. To repeat an initial post of mine, it is difficult to rationalize madness. You, and certain others, still seem to want to miss the power of the sunk cost fallacy of which the Panzer III was the poster child in World War II. From the original expression of interest c. 29 December 1933 and the development order of 27 January 1934 it took until August 1935 for the first trial chassis to be completed and the last of the initial production series (60 Ausf A-D) was completed between July and August 1938. Four and a half years...and as late as January 1936 it was not considered ready for serial production. And yet, by 11 July 1938, with the Ausf D still unsatisfactory and the problematic Ausf E not even built, let alone tested (about six were completed by the end of 1938), In 6 had already authorized Waffenamt to let contracts for 2,095 Panzer III and on that date authorized extension contracts for an additional 759.
The main battle tank envisioned for the Heer was the Panzer 3.
The panzer 3 wasn't being produced in 1937-38 because it was still in development.
The Panzer 4 was designed as a support tank for the Panzer 3.
Both true.
The panzer 4 wasn't being built in large numbers in 1937-38 because they were not needed.
Not true. The Panzer IV wasn't being built in large numbers in 1937-38 because the German munitions industry was still in its expansion phase, which was badly affected by the economic downturn of 1937-38 which resulted in German government spending on the military proportional to non-military spending decreasing by 13%.

By 11 July 1938, the Panzer IV design was finished by Krupp and 35 Ausf A had been completed. In 6 issued orders for 605 more (42 B, 140 C, 200 D, and 223 E) and then on 11 July 1938 extended the orders to produce 223 more for a total of 863 to be completed by the end of FY 1939 (April 1940). By April 1940, fewer than half that, 308, had been completed and production was averaging just 15 a month, all by Krupp, while an additional order for 500 Ausf F was also placed. [EDIT] Sorry, I was thinking of Henschel, Krupp actually employed an assembly-line-system but its Gruson-Werk was also fully occupied in manufacturing tank guns and complete turrets for both the Panzer III and IV and so was unsuitable for expansion, which was the reason Nibelungen-Werk was built. Eventually the gun and turret assembly was moved to Krupps Essen-Werk, which allowed it to expand its tank assembly at Gruson, but just as it was getting into stride Allied bombing in August 1944 heavily damaged the plant.[/EDIT]

Nibelungen-Werk was built with the expressed purpose of building 320 Panzer IV per month but did not achieve that until June 1944 and then sustained it for just three months (June 340, July 333, August 326). Instead it began by producing sub-components - mostly track and suspension systems - but also became Ferdinand Porsche's playground. The result was the first tank completed was not a Panzer IV, it was the VK 30.01 (P) Fahrgestell (chassis) in March 1941, the first Panzer IV - one - was completed in November 1941 and considerable effort continued to build Porsche's pets from May-July 1942 ten more Panzer VI (P) chassis were built, but only 36 Panzer IV.

The war increased demand yet again and so Vomag, initially selected to do tank repair and rebuilds, was chosen to produce the Panzer IV as well, but did not complete the first two until August 1941. However, it required expansion of the initial plant in 1941-1942 and the construction of the massive Panzerhalle, completed in early 1943. The result was initially it was capable of producing just 11 per month in its first year (August 1941-July 1942), 47.25 per month in its second year, 105 per month in its third year, and then reached its peak monthly production of 185 in January 1945 before it plunged into the abyss.

In fact, there was a major need for the Panzer IV, but also there was a huge hole in German industrial capability to produce them. "Standardizing" on the Panzer IV would not change that.
Agreed, but the sooner you start the sooner the output increases.
Industrial capacity didn't delay production, it was the lack of an accepted design.
Sorry, but no, industrial capacity is precisely what delayed production of the Panzer III and IV, exacerbated in the case of Panzer III by the design delays.
Last edited by Richard Anderson on 25 Aug 2022, 21:06, edited 1 time in total.
Richard C. Anderson Jr.

American Thunder: U.S. Army Tank Design, Development, and Doctrine in World War II
Cracking Hitler's Atlantic Wall
Hitler's Last Gamble
Artillery Hell

paulrward
Member
Posts: 665
Joined: 10 Dec 2008, 21:14

Re: A Panzer 3 is all there needed to be

#409

Post by paulrward » 25 Aug 2022, 20:18

Hello All :

Mr. Richard Anderson posted:
To repeat an initial post of mine, it is difficult to rationalize madness.
You, and certain others, still seem to want to miss the power of the sunk cost
fallacy of which the Panzer III was the poster child in World War II.
This is quite true, it is difficult to rationalize madness. And, to expand on this theme, as the legendary
philosopher Ron White has so brilliantly put it, " You cain't fix STOOPID ! "

As anyone who knows how to play Poker will tell you, putting more money into the pot when you
have busted flush or a four card straight is the defnition, not of insanity, but of STOOOOOPID !

The failure of anyone in the Heer to look at the two chassis, Pzkw III and Pzkw IV, and realize that
the 'IV' chassis, which was in production and apparently a quite successful design, could be substituted
for the 'III' chassis, which was going through as series of unsuccessful redesigns, one after the other, is
a monument to human stupidity.

One of the things that made the U.S. successful in WW2 was the appointment of men like Knudsen and
others, men who had a broad range of experience and knowledge about manufacturing and production.
In fact, when Roosevelt appointed him as Chairman of the Office of Production Management, one of
Roosevelt's cronys criticized the move, on the grounds that the appointment would be a political plum
that would allow the distribution of a lot of money, and that a Democrat would be able to steer that
money to friends of the Democratic Party. Roosevelt replied that he appointed Knudsen because there
weren't any Democrats who knew how to build things.....

So, if you had a German equivalent of William Knudsen, who wasn't a strutting Nazi Jackass, but was
instead an educated engineer who knew how to build things, he might have made the decision to kill
the Pzkw III chassis in favor of the Pzkw IV chassis.
Agreed, but the sooner you start the sooner the output increases.
Industrial capacity didn't delay production, it was the lack of an accepted design.
Exactly. And, if the decision to kill the Pzkw III chassis had been made in early 1937, when it was
already obvious that the prototypes didn't work, and re-tool the factories to make nothing but Pzkw IV
chassis, with differing armaments to suit differing requirements, then the production from ALL the
factories would have been ramping up equally.

The failure of the Krupp works production method would have been discovered a year earlier, and
the necessary ' fixes ' to get it corrected would have been applied.

Since the size, weight of materials, engine, and transmission were essentially identical, to extrapolate
how many Pzkw IV chassis could have been built, you simply add the historical number of 'IV' chassis
to the historical number of ' III ' chassis, but move the production figures of the ' III' up by about one
year, to take into account the fact that the factories are not wasting a year waiting for the ' III ' to
have it's design problems corrected.

And, if you do that math, you will find that the Heer could have had the number of tanks that I
stated were possible in my earlier posting. It's just basic math. ( it will help if you arrange it on
a Gant Chart, to clarify the issues. )

Historically, the chassis of the M-2 medium tank was enlarged and beefed up to make the M-3
Medium Tank, and then again enlarged to make the M-4 Sherman tank, and the chassis was used
for Tank Destroyers, and SP guns, and mobile artillery platforms, up to the 200 mm howitzer -
and some of the chassis of M-3s were stripped out to be used as Prime Movers and Amored Personnel
Carriers. It is amazing what can be done if you hand an engineer an angle grinder and a welding
torch !

Historically, as the weight of the M-4 increased, the U.S. Army added growsers to the tracks, spaced
out the tracks from the hull to add growsers on both sides of the tracks, and then came up with
HVSS suspensions and tracks, which dramatically reduced ground pressure and increased flotation,
resulting in increased mobility. Different engines were tried, and horsepower increased to account
for the increase in vehicle weight. Armor was added, sometimes extemporaneously, to improve
survivability. And the guns were upgraded, not as fast as should have been done, but enough to
win the war .

Like the RAF with the Spitfire, the Russians with the Yak and LaGG series of fighters, and the U.S.
with the P-51s and P-47s, steady improvements were made to keep the vehicles 'state of the art'
with respect to the needs of the fighting. The same could have been done with the Pzkw IV chassis,
and it would have been easier to do this than working with the Pzkw III chassis, due to the wider
hull and larger turret ring.

Historically the Pzkw IV chassis were used for AA guns, SP guns, and, of course, tanks. If the Heer
had standardized on them early, they would have been the equivalent of the M-3 and M-4 chassis
in Allied use, adaptable to virtually any requirement, and, it would not be too much of a stretch
to believe that, with some lengthening and widening of the hull, and an extra pair of bogie
wheels on each side fitted with wider tracks , along with a 500 hp engine, they might have been
expandable to the point of making the Pzkw V Panther an unnecessary luxury !


Respectfully :

Paul R. Ward
Information not shared, is information lost
Voices that are banned, are voices who cannot share information....
Discussions that are silenced, are discussions that will occur elsewhere !

historygeek2021
Member
Posts: 641
Joined: 17 Dec 2020, 07:23
Location: Australia

Re: A Panzer 3 is all there needed to be

#410

Post by historygeek2021 » 25 Aug 2022, 21:02

Was the Panzer IV any better than a Stug III? Why not just make the Panzer III and Stug III? Seems like this was the basic idea with the E-series.

Richard Anderson
Member
Posts: 6398
Joined: 01 Jan 2016, 22:21
Location: Bremerton, Washington

Re: A Panzer 3 is all there needed to be

#411

Post by Richard Anderson » 25 Aug 2022, 21:12

historygeek2021 wrote:
25 Aug 2022, 21:02
Was the Panzer IV any better than a Stug III? Why not just make the Panzer III and Stug III? Seems like this was the basic idea with the E-series.
Well at least the Germans believed the Panzer IV was a better tank than the StuG III, which was not a tank. In 1943 they briefly experimented with mixed Panzer and StuG regimental organization in the rebuilt "Stalingrad" divisions but it was considered a failed experiment.
Richard C. Anderson Jr.

American Thunder: U.S. Army Tank Design, Development, and Doctrine in World War II
Cracking Hitler's Atlantic Wall
Hitler's Last Gamble
Artillery Hell

historygeek2021
Member
Posts: 641
Joined: 17 Dec 2020, 07:23
Location: Australia

Re: A Panzer 3 is all there needed to be

#412

Post by historygeek2021 » 26 Aug 2022, 00:45

I recall reading somewhere that around the time of Kursk some in the army thought that the Panzer IV had performed no better than the Stug III so they may as well just make the Stug III.

HP
Member
Posts: 29
Joined: 28 Apr 2006, 18:07
Location: Finland

Re: A Panzer 3 is all there needed to be

#413

Post by HP » 26 Aug 2022, 09:18

paulrward wrote:
25 Aug 2022, 20:18
The failure of anyone in the Heer to look at the two chassis, Pzkw III and Pzkw IV, and realize that
the 'IV' chassis, which was in production and apparently a quite successful design, could be substituted
for the 'III' chassis, which was going through as series of unsuccessful redesigns, one after the other, is
a monument to human stupidity.
- - -
And, if the decision to kill the Pzkw III chassis had been made in early 1937, when it was
already obvious that the prototypes didn't work, and re-tool the factories to make nothing but Pzkw IV
chassis, with differing armaments to suit differing requirements, then the production from ALL the
factories would have been ramping up equally.
- - -
Historically, the chassis of the M-2 medium tank was enlarged and beefed up to make the M-3 Medium Tank
- - -
it would not be too much of a stretch to believe that, with some lengthening and widening of the hull, and an extra pair of bogie
wheels on each side fitted with wider tracks , along with a 500 hp engine, they might have been expandable to the point of making the Pzkw V Panther an unnecessary luxury !
Germans were well aware of the problems in producing two relatively similar tanks. The issue is that they thought neither Pzkpfw IV nor Pzkpfw III was the way to go. According to the article linked below, they planned to stop Pzkpfw IV production in 1937 and replace it with Z.W.38. The plan failed because of design issues and... limited industrial capacity. https://www.tankarchives.ca/2022/02/pan ... nd-iv.html

I think you also overestimate the development potential of the IV chassis. It was originally designed to be under 20 tons whereas the M3 was in the 30 -ton range. If it would have been just a question of some minor changes (scaling up the plans and production facilities), Germans would have done them.

HP
Member
Posts: 29
Joined: 28 Apr 2006, 18:07
Location: Finland

Re: A Panzer 3 is all there needed to be

#414

Post by HP » 26 Aug 2022, 12:42

Konig_pilsner wrote:
25 Aug 2022, 15:08
But the Germans lacked the industrial capacity to do it in this time frame - this does not change whether they'd concentrated in III or IV.
Hi HP.

You are misunderstanding.

The panzer 3 wasn't being produced in 1937-38 because it was still in development.
The panzer 4 wasn't being built in large numbers in 1937-38 because they were not needed.
I think I am not, but maybe I was not clear enough. The time frame we're talking here is 1937-1940 (or 1941). So even if production of Pzkpfw III was delayed because development issues, it does not mean that a sufficient amount could not be manufactured in a year or two if sufficient industrial capacity was available. E.g. Panther was designed in 1942 and they built over 1700 of them in 1943.

A Panzer division in 1939 before Polish campaign was supposed to have four battalions with three companies each. In practice two of these companies were equipped with Pzkpfw I and II, the third had 7 Pzkpfw II, 3 Pzkpfw III and 6 Pzkpfw IV. This alone indicates there was shortage of 18 Pzkpfw IV per battalion from the defined organisational requirement (so 72 per division and with 5 divisions that's a total shortage of 360).

Richard Anderson
Member
Posts: 6398
Joined: 01 Jan 2016, 22:21
Location: Bremerton, Washington

Re: A Panzer 3 is all there needed to be

#415

Post by Richard Anderson » 26 Aug 2022, 16:53

HP wrote:
26 Aug 2022, 09:18
Germans were well aware of the problems in producing two relatively similar tanks. The issue is that they thought neither Pzkpfw IV nor Pzkpfw III was the way to go. According to the article linked below, they planned to stop Pzkpfw IV production in 1937 and replace it with Z.W.38. The plan failed because of design issues and... limited industrial capacity.
Indeed and there was also the problem that ZW 38 did little to improve the III/IV design. It retained the torsion bar suspension, which at least was developed by then, but also the Maybach TR 120, so no increase in HP while the weight was increased, and worst of all retained the 10-speed Veriotex transmission, which was unworkable.
I think you also overestimate the development potential of the IV chassis. It was originally designed to be under 20 tons whereas the M3 was in the 30 -ton range. If it would have been just a question of some minor changes (scaling up the plans and production facilities), Germans would have done them.
As conceived they were supposed to be 10-ton and 15-ton tanks. Medium Tank M3 was supposed to be 27 tons and Medium Tank M4 30 tons. None of them achieved that. One other issue with the growth in weight was that it made the job of the engineers harder, since their existing bridging equipment wasn't always capable of handling the increasing weight of tactical vehicles. It got so bad for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers that they attempted an end around by lobbying for and getting Army Regulations changed to limit tactical vehicle weight...it didn't work, but they tried. :lol:
Richard C. Anderson Jr.

American Thunder: U.S. Army Tank Design, Development, and Doctrine in World War II
Cracking Hitler's Atlantic Wall
Hitler's Last Gamble
Artillery Hell

HP
Member
Posts: 29
Joined: 28 Apr 2006, 18:07
Location: Finland

Re: A Panzer 3 is all there needed to be

#416

Post by HP » 28 Aug 2022, 08:29

HP wrote:
26 Aug 2022, 12:42
A Panzer division in 1939 before Polish campaign was supposed to have four battalions with three companies each. In practice two of these companies were equipped with Pzkpfw I and II, the third had 7 Pzkpfw II, 3 Pzkpfw III and 6 Pzkpfw IV. This alone indicates there was shortage of 18 Pzkpfw IV per battalion from the defined organisational requirement (so 72 per division and with 5 divisions that's a total shortage of 360).
Oops, that's actually shortage of 12 per battalion so a total shortage of 240. Prior Invasion of Poland the Germans had about 200 Pzkpfw IV, which was only half of the planned organizational strength. This is only one and a very simplistic way to assess things, but anyway.

Richard Anderson
Member
Posts: 6398
Joined: 01 Jan 2016, 22:21
Location: Bremerton, Washington

Re: A Panzer 3 is all there needed to be

#417

Post by Richard Anderson » 28 Aug 2022, 18:36

HP wrote:
28 Aug 2022, 08:29
Oops, that's actually shortage of 12 per battalion so a total shortage of 240. Prior Invasion of Poland the Germans had about 200 Pzkpfw IV, which was only half of the planned organizational strength. This is only one and a very simplistic way to assess things, but anyway.
To be exact, there were 211 Panzer IV in inventory, of which 197 were with the Feldheer and 11 with the Ersatzheer (the last 3 were likely in depot held by the Heeres-Zeug-Amt awaiting final acceptance and delivery). That was to equip 34 Panzer Abteilungen, which nominally each required 15 (including one in the Abteilung-Staffel). So 510. Thus, there were only about 39 percent of the initially planned strength available.

The situation with the Panzer III was much worse. There were 98 in inventory, of which 87 were with the Feldheer and 11 with the Ersatzheer. The 34 Abteilungen required 38 or 1,292, plus of course the groß Panzerbefehlswagen, which were Panzer III based, required for the Abteilung and Regiment Stab.

It is interesting of course that the orders placed called for 863 Panzer IV and 2,914 Panzer III, a ratio of 1:3.37, while the requirements by the units appear to have been a ratio of 1:2.53. The reason appears to have been that the eventual plan was for an Abteilung with one mittelere and three leichte kompanien rather than the one mittlere and two leichte as initially fielded...at least by those few that were actually able to organize a mittelere kompanie - I. and II. Pz.-Regt. 2., I. and II./Pz.-Regt. 11., and Pz.-Abtl. 65.
Richard C. Anderson Jr.

American Thunder: U.S. Army Tank Design, Development, and Doctrine in World War II
Cracking Hitler's Atlantic Wall
Hitler's Last Gamble
Artillery Hell

User avatar
Cult Icon
Member
Posts: 4481
Joined: 08 Apr 2014, 20:00

Re: A Panzer 3 is all there needed to be

#418

Post by Cult Icon » 28 Aug 2022, 18:59

historygeek2021 wrote:
26 Aug 2022, 00:45
I recall reading somewhere that around the time of Kursk some in the army thought that the Panzer IV had performed no better than the Stug III so they may as well just make the Stug III.
In documents they tend to say that assault guns cannot replace tanks, but the assault guns actually destroyed more tanks per capita.

Richard Anderson
Member
Posts: 6398
Joined: 01 Jan 2016, 22:21
Location: Bremerton, Washington

Re: A Panzer 3 is all there needed to be

#419

Post by Richard Anderson » 28 Aug 2022, 19:22

Cult Icon wrote:
28 Aug 2022, 18:59
historygeek2021 wrote:
26 Aug 2022, 00:45
I recall reading somewhere that around the time of Kursk some in the army thought that the Panzer IV had performed no better than the Stug III so they may as well just make the Stug III.
In documents they tend to say that assault guns cannot replace tanks, but the assault guns actually destroyed more tanks per capita.
No, the "assault guns" (StuG and Jagdpanzer) claimed to destroy more tanks "per capita" than Panzer, but there is no means to actually confirm if that is true or not. Meanwhile, despite those claims the Germans did not continue with organizing mixed Panzer and StuG/Jagdpanzer after doing so with 14.. 16., and 24. Panzer Division in the spring of 1943, so they at least were not satisfied that such an organization was as effective.
Richard C. Anderson Jr.

American Thunder: U.S. Army Tank Design, Development, and Doctrine in World War II
Cracking Hitler's Atlantic Wall
Hitler's Last Gamble
Artillery Hell

historygeek2021
Member
Posts: 641
Joined: 17 Dec 2020, 07:23
Location: Australia

Re: A Panzer 3 is all there needed to be

#420

Post by historygeek2021 » 28 Aug 2022, 20:21

Richard Anderson wrote:
28 Aug 2022, 19:22

No, the "assault guns" (StuG and Jagdpanzer) claimed to destroy more tanks "per capita" than Panzer, but there is no means to actually confirm if that is true or not. Meanwhile, despite those claims the Germans did not continue with organizing mixed Panzer and StuG/Jagdpanzer after doing so with 14.. 16., and 24. Panzer Division in the spring of 1943, so they at least were not satisfied that such an organization was as effective.
IIRC, the issue was that the assault guns were always designed for, and in practice used with, infantry in close cooperation, whereas the panzers operated in independent battalions that went off on their own without accompanying infantry. When they tried to send assault guns off on their own, it didn't work out so well.

Post Reply

Return to “What if”