No, it was a class war, peasants vs their lords. In Poland, it's said unambiguously that they were Polish peasants.
Most peasants didn't entertain any national feelings anyway at that time, that happened later.
I don't know if Poles were forbidden from settling in the Russian interior but the rule was that only people who went "native" (i.e., converted) enjoyed full rights.
The goal was to denationalize the Poles, to destroy them as a nation - it was cultural genocide.
So actually the Poles had it worse than the Jews.
The Polish Jews gained their economic advantage and political influence right then - under the rule of the Tsar.