Field Marshals and Fleet Admirals,World War One, REVISED

[genstab]

This is a revised list as of January 2006. I added one Turkish Marshal, Ali Riza, and may be done with Turkey; I have been told by a Turkish Forum member that Izzet was the only active Marshal during the war besides the Germans. if anyone knows of any more who belong on that list including retired Marshals still alive, please help me out. Also, I have better promotion dates for Serbian Marshals Misic and Stepanovic which I believe to be correct. Last, a Forum member came up with what seem to be more accurate promotion dates for Japanese Field Marshal Fushimi and Admiral of the Fleet Togo. I thank Steen Ammentorp of "Generals of World War Two" for mentioning a German book which reinforces these amended dates on the Japanese officers.

I would like to thank Patrick Raftery of New York, Hans Houterman of the Netherlands and Steen Ammentorp of Denmark (The Generals of World War Two) for all their kind help and support.

Royalty not included unless serving career officers. Only those promoted before or during the war are listed. An asterisk indicates retirement before August 1914.

BRITISH:

Admiral of the Fleet:
Callaghan 4-2-17
Fanshawe 4-30-10
Fisher 12-11-05 (ret. 5/15)
Kerr 6-23-04
May 3-20-13
Meux 3-5-15
Noel* 12-2-08 (d. 5-22-18)
Wilson* 3-1-07

Field Marshals:
Brownlow* 6-20-08 (d. 4-5-16)
Connaught and Strathearn, Duke of (Prince Arthur) 6-26-02
Egerton 3-16-17
French 6-13-13
Grenfell* 4-11-08
Haig 1-1-17
Kitchener 9-10-09 (d. 6-5-16)
Metheun 6-19-11
Nicholson* 6-19-11 (d. 9-13-18)
Roberts* 5-25-95 (d. 11-1-14)
Wood* 4-8-03


FRENCH:

Field Marshals:
Foch 8-7-18
Joffre 12-26-16


JAPANESE:

Field Marshals:
Fushimi, Prince S. 1-9-15
Hasegawa 1-9-14
Kawamura 1-9-14
Oku* 10-24-11
Oyama* 1-20-98 (d. 12-10-16)
Terauchi, M.* 6-24-16 (d. 11-3-18)
Yamagata* 1-20-98

Admirals of the Fleet:
Ijuin 5-26-17
Inoue 10-31-11
Togo* 4-21-13


SERBIAN:

Field Marshals:
Bojovic 9-26-18
Misic 12-4-14
Putnik 10-24-12 (ret. 12/16; d. 5-17-17)
Stepanovic 8-20-14


GERMAN:

Field Marshals:
Albrecht, Duke 8-1-16
Bock und Polach, Max v. 1-1-11 (d. 3-5-15)
Buelow, K. 1-27-15
Eichhorn 12-18-17 (d. 7-30-18)
Goltz, C. 1-1-11 (d. 4-9-16)
Haeseler 1-1-05
Hindenburg 11-27-14
Leopold, Prince Bavaria 5-1-05 (Prussia 8-1-16)
Mackensen 6-22-15
Rupprecht, Crown Prince Bavaria 7-25-16 (Prussia 8-1-16)
Woyrsch 12-31-17 (ret. 12/17)

Grand Admirals:
Heinrich, Prince 9-4-09
Holtzendorff 5-31-18
Koester* 9-28-05 acting; perm 6-28-06 retro to 1-28-05
Tirpitz 1-27-11 (ret. 3/16)


AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN:

Field Marshals:
Boehm-Ermolli 1-31-18
Boroevic v. Bojna 2-1-18
Conrad v. Hoetzendorff 11-25-16 (ret. 7/18)
Eugene, Archduke 11-23-16
Friedrich, Archduke 12-8-14 (Prussia 6-22-15)
Josef Augustin, Archduke 10-24-18
Koevess v. Koevesshaza 8-5-17
Krobatin 11-5-17
Rohr v. Denta 1-30-18

Grand Admiral not listed as it was only equivalent to Colonel General


TURKISH:

Field Marshal:
Ahmed Izzet 7-14-18
Ali Riza* 3-3-05
Falkenhayn (German Gen. d. Infantry) 7-9-17
Ghazi Mahmoud Moukhtar* 7-10-71
Liman v. Sanders (German Gen. d.Cavalry) 1-13-14
Usedom (German Vice-Admiral) 8-19-14

(two other German Admirals- RADM Souchon in August 1914 and VADM Rebeur-Paschewitz to replace Souchon in August 1917) were appointed Turkish Admirals- not Admirals of the Fleet. Usedom (on retirement) and Souchon were later German full Admirals)

[genstab]

I decided to revise this list to add full promotion dates and death dates, and I'm glad I did because I found one British admiral that died before the war and shouldn't have been on the list, one I hadn't found and should have been, two wrong Austro-Hungarian dates, and also added the Bavarian or Prussian promotion dates for the German and Austro-Hungarian marshals who had both. I discovered and added Grossadmiral Koester's temporary and permanent promotion dates. I was informed of two more Serbian marshals, and decided to look into Turkish ones which was quite a trip when I learned of the German generals and admiral who were Turkish marshals. I would like to thank Patrick Raftery of New York, Hans Houterman of the Netherlands and Steen Ammentorp of Denmark (The Generals of World War Two) for all their kind help and support.

ONE LAST REVISION WILL BE FORTHCOMING LATE THIS YEAR (2004)-
I HAVE FOUND THE LIST OF TURKISH FIELD MARSHALS IS PROBABLY NOT COMPLETE AND WITH THE HELP OF _KaaN_ WILL BE UPDATING IT.

Royalty not included unless serving career officers. Only those promoted before or during the war are listed. An asterisk indicates retirement before August 1914.

BRITISH:

Admiral of the Fleet:
Callaghan 4-2-17
Fanshawe 4-30-10
Fisher 12-11-05 (ret. 5/15)
Kerr 6-23-04
May 3-20-13
Meux 3-5-15
Noel* 12-2-08 (d. 5-22-18)
Wilson* 3-1-07

Field Marshals:
Brownlow* 6-20-08 (d. 4-5-16)
Connaught and Strathearn, Duke of (Prince Arthur) 6-26-02
Egerton 3-16-17
French 6-13-13
Grenfell* 4-11-08
Haig 1-1-17
Kitchener 9-10-09 (d. 6-5-16)
Metheun 6-19-11
Nicholson* 6-19-11 (d. 9-13-18)
Roberts* 5-25-95 (d. 11-1-14)
Wood* 4-8-03


FRENCH:

Field Marshals:
Foch 8-7-18
Joffre 12-26-16


JAPANESE:

Field Marshals:
Fushimi, Prince S. 1-9-14
Hasegawa 1-9-14
Kawamura 1-9-14
Oku* 10-24-11
Oyama* 1-20-98 (d. 12-10-16)
Terauchi, M.* 6-24-16 (d. 11-3-18)
Yamagata* 1-20-98

Admirals of the Fleet:
Ijuin 5-26-17
Inoue 10-31-11
Togo* 6-6-13


SERBIAN:

Field Marshals:
Bojovic 9-26-18
Misic 12-15-14
Putnik 10-24-12 (ret. 12/16; d. 5-17-17)
Stepanovic 10-29-14


GERMAN:

Field Marshals:
Albrecht, Duke 8-1-16
Bock und Polach, Max v. 1-1-11 (d. 3-5-15)
Buelow, K. 1-27-15
Eichhorn 12-18-17 (d. 7-30-18)
Goltz, C. 1-1-11 (d. 4-9-16)
Haeseler 1-1-05
Hindenburg 11-27-14
Leopold, Prince Bavaria 5-1-05 (Prussia 8-1-16)
Mackensen 6-22-15
Rupprecht, Crown Prince Bavaria 7-25-16 (Prussia 8-1-16)
Woyrsch 12-31-17 (ret. 12/17)

Grand Admirals:
Heinrich, Prince 9-4-09
Holtzendorff 5-31-18
Koester* 9-28-05 acting; perm 6-28-06 retro to 1-28-05
Tirpitz 1-27-11 (ret. 3/16)


AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN:

Field Marshals:
Boehm-Ermolli 1-31-18
Boroevic v. Bojna 2-1-18
Conrad v. Hoetzendorff 11-25-16 (ret. 7/18)
Eugene, Archduke 11-23-16
Friedrich, Archduke 12-8-14 (Prussia 6-22-15)
Josef Augustin, Archduke 10-24-18
Koevess v. Koevesshaza 8-5-17
Krobatin 11-5-17
Rohr v. Denta 1-30-18

Grand Admiral not listed as it was only equivalent to Colonel General


TURKISH:

Field Marshal:
Falkenhayn (German Gen. d. Infantry) 7-9-17
Izzet 7-14-18
Liman v. Sanders (German Gen. d.Cavalry) 1-13-14
Moukhtar* 7-10-71
Usedom (German Vice-Admiral) 8-19-14

(two other German Admirals- RADM Souchon in August 1914 and
VADM Rebeur-Paschewitz to replace Souchon in August 1917) were appointed Turkish Admirals- not Admirals of the Fleet. Usedom and Souchon were later German full Admirals)

[jluetjen]

NEVER SAY LAST IN DOING HISTORICAL RESEARCH! See my British Admirals of the Fleet to see inclusion of Prince Louis of Battenberg, who though born German served in the Royal Navy from boy seaman. He was unjustly made to resign as First Sea Lord because of anti-British sentiment when World War One broke out.

Just to be clear -- I believe that you mean Anti-German sentiment.

[genstab]

Oh Lord- of course I do. I didn't read the post for anything but punctuation. This happens when you try to do too much fast- answer email, etc.- as well as try to be on two floors at once to feed four animals who don't all get along.

Best,
Bill

[genstab]

NEVER SAY LAST IN DOING HISTORICAL RESEARCH! See my British Admirals of the Fleet to see inclusion of Prince Louis of Battenberg, who though born German served in the Royal Navy from boy seaman. He was unjustly made to resign as First Sea Lord because of anti-German sentiment when World War One broke out.

I decided to revise this list to add full promotion dates and death dates, and I'm glad I did because I found one British admiral that died before the war and shouldn't have been on the list, one I hadn't found and should have been, two wrong Austro-Hungarian dates, and also added the Bavarian or Prussian promotion dates for the German and Austro-Hungarian marshals who had both. I discovered and added Grossadmiral Koester's temporary and permanent promotion dates. I was informed of two more Serbian marshals, and decided to look into Turkish ones which was quite a trip when I learned of the German generals and admiral who were Turkish marshals. I would like to thank Patrick Raftery of New York, Hans Houterman of the Netherlands and Steen Ammentorp of Denmark (The Generals of World War Two) for all their kind help and support.

ONE LAST REVISION WILL BE FORTHCOMING LATE THIS YEAR (2004)-
I HAVE FOUND THE LIST OF TURKISH FIELD MARSHALS IS PROBABLY NOT COMPLETE AND WITH THE HELP OF _KaaN_ WILL BE UPDATING IT.

Royalty not included unless serving career officers. Only those promoted before or during the war are listed. An asterisk indicates retirement before August 1914.

BRITISH:

Admiral of the Fleet:
Battenberg, Prince Louis 12-9-12 (ret. 10/14)
Callaghan 4-2-17
Fanshawe 4-30-10
Fisher 12-11-05 (ret. 5/15)
Kerr 6-23-04
May 3-20-13
Meux 3-5-15
Noel* 12-2-08 (d. 5-22-18)
Wilson* 3-1-07

Field Marshals:
Brownlow* 6-20-08 (d. 4-5-16)
Connaught and Strathearn, Duke of (Prince Arthur) 6-26-02
Egerton 3-16-17
French 6-13-13
Grenfell* 4-11-08
Haig 1-1-17
Kitchener 9-10-09 (d. 6-5-16)
Metheun 6-19-11
Nicholson* 6-19-11 (d. 9-13-18)
Roberts* 5-25-95 (d. 11-1-14)
Wood* 4-8-03


FRENCH:

Field Marshals:
Foch 8-7-18
Joffre 12-26-16


JAPANESE:

Field Marshals:
Fushimi, Prince S. 1-9-14
Hasegawa 1-9-14
Kawamura 1-9-14
Oku* 10-24-11
Oyama* 1-20-98 (d. 12-10-16)
Terauchi, M.* 6-24-16 (d. 11-3-18)
Yamagata* 1-20-98

Admirals of the Fleet:
Ijuin 5-26-17
Inoue 10-31-11
Togo* 6-6-13


SERBIAN:

Field Marshals:
Bojovic 9-26-18
Misic 12-15-14
Putnik 10-24-12 (ret. 12/16; d. 5-17-17)
Stepanovic 10-29-14


GERMAN:

Field Marshals:
Albrecht, Duke 8-1-16
Bock und Polach, Max v. 1-1-11 (d. 3-5-15)
Buelow, K. 1-27-15
Eichhorn 12-18-17 (d. 7-30-18)
Goltz, C. 1-1-11 (d. 4-9-16)
Haeseler 1-1-05
Hindenburg 11-27-14
Leopold, Prince Bavaria 5-1-05 (Prussia 8-1-16)
Mackensen 6-22-15
Rupprecht, Crown Prince Bavaria 7-25-16 (Prussia 8-1-16)
Woyrsch 12-31-17 (ret. 12/17)

Grand Admirals:
Heinrich, Prince 9-4-09
Holtzendorff 5-31-18
Koester* 9-28-05 acting; perm 6-28-06 retro to 1-28-05
Tirpitz 1-27-11 (ret. 3/16)


AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN:

Field Marshals:
Boehm-Ermolli 1-31-18
Boroevic v. Bojna 2-1-18
Conrad v. Hoetzendorff 11-25-16 (ret. 7/18)
Eugene, Archduke 11-23-16
Friedrich, Archduke 12-8-14 (Prussia 6-22-15)
Josef Augustin, Archduke 10-24-18
Koevess v. Koevesshaza 8-5-17
Krobatin 11-5-17
Rohr v. Denta 1-30-18

Grand Admiral not listed as it was only equivalent to Colonel General


TURKISH:

Field Marshal:
Falkenhayn (German Gen. d. Infantry) 7-9-17
Izzet 7-14-18
Liman v. Sanders (German Gen. d.Cavalry) 1-13-14
Moukhtar* 7-10-71
Usedom (German Vice-Admiral) 8-19-14

(two other German Admirals- RADM Souchon in August 1914 and
VADM Rebeur-Paschewitz to replace Souchon in August 1917) were appointed Turkish Admirals- not Admirals of the Fleet. Usedom and Souchon were later German full Admirals)

[Terry Duncan]

Duplicate post removed. T.Duncan

[tigre]

Hello to all ; a picture...........................

Joffre and Foch forced to resign.

Foch: History has made him a hero, winner for the eternity of the first war. However, in 1916, Foch lost his place after the failure of the Somme. His superior, Joseph Joffre, too. Politicians no longer believe in their strategic skills.

General Foch was already on the bench before the Battle of the Somme

Soon he will be 65, the age limit for the command. The government is divided as to its future. Finally, they keep it at the head of their armies. But after the stagnation of the offensive, he is sacrificed. It is said that he is sick, tired. To save his face, he is entrusted with a mission: to design a plan, in case Germany invades Switzerland.

Joffre's case

Above Foch, is Joffre. After 28 months of conflict, senators and deputies get impatient and the government trembles: Joffre has never liked parliamentarians, Clemenceau at the head, who he finds too talkative when they visit the armies' area of ​​responsibility. These make him pay. Joffre is replaced by Nivelle. Embittered, he will resign ... The winner of the Marne was promoted to Marshal. 90 deputies will vote against this honor.

"French politics came to save the Germans" ... Such is the feeling that Joffre expressed in his memoirs, convinced that he should hold the enemy by the neck. In April 1917, the Marshal was sent to the United States to advise the new American ally. A triumphal tour from city to city. For him, the time of the fight has passed. Not for Foch, his subordinate, who will be back soon.

Source: https://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr ... 33135.html
https://auction.catawiki.com/kavels/179 ... pl-te-1915

Cheers. Raúl M .

[genstab]

I hope this is the last time I have to revise these lists. I just found out that Admiral Louis of Battenberg was NOT raised to Admiral of the Fleet on assuming the position of First Sea Lord in 1912. Because of anti-German prejudice during the war, he retired in October 1914 as stated- and changed his name to Battenberg in 1917. George V created him Marquis of Milford Haven. He was promoted to Admiral of the Fleet in August 1923 (Wikipedia). It was just the second time a retired admiral had been promoted to Admiral of the Fleet (anyone know who was the first?)
Best regards,
Bill in Cleveland