South America & The Spanish Civil War
Re: South America & The Spanish Civil War
Hello all, I'm new to this site. Am searching for a distant relative, volunteer with International Brigades as translator from Schleswig-Holstein. Reportedly emigrated to Lima. Does anyone know where a record of her immigration to Peru might be located?
Re: South America & The Spanish Civil War
Whereas Mexico for its Republican sympathies became a important country of exile for many Spanish Republicans who lived, nationalized and had notable professional career there, I guess that there were much less Republican refugees in South America as the countries there were less sympathetic for the Republican cause (and thus probably less willing to receive Republican refugees from Spain).
However I remember to have read that some of ex-Republicans did made it to Argentina (!) and other Southern American countries and spent the rest of their life peacefully there, so the doors were not completely closed for the Republican refugees despite the official political attitudes. But maybe someone knows more about the refugee politics of Southern American countries to tell more.
The ambivalence of Southern American governments toward Republican governement (considered officially as a legal - "de jure" - governement of Spain but disliked for its leftist/marxist tendencies) was quite common attitude also with the governments of many European countries. The problem of the rightist or "nationalist" refugees in the foreign embassies of Spain is a interesting subject. Many times embassies were abandoned by their regular staff and left to the responsability of local (Spanish) staff or consuls which received refugees and enlarged the premises of embassies without the official authorization of the governements of respective governements. For example the Finnish embassy was practically run by the local Spanish secretary who with "his own authorization" received about 2000 Spanish refugees to be protected under Finnish flag and hired five apartment buildings in different places of Madrid to accomodate them. He had to have some good connections with Republican authorities who practically accepted his arrengements although Finnish governement made it clear to Republican governement that it had nothing to do with these arrengements and "extra buildings". My guess is that bribes had something to do with the matter although the proof of that is very hard to show in the form of written documents.
The doyen (the eldest) of the diplomatic staff in Madrid during SCW, the Chilean ambassador Nuñez (IIRC) has been supposed to be sympathetic for the Nationalist cause (and Nationalist refugees hiding in embassies) although he followed the official line of Chilean governement which considered the Republican governement as the legal governement of Spain (IIRC). It was only after the Republicans lost their authority in Spain as a consequence of complete military defeat that the Nationalist governement became widely accepted as the legal governement of Spain in diplomatic world.
There is some difference with "de facto" (practical recognition) and "de jure" (formal recognition) when it comes to diplomatic formalities. For example Soviet Union never recognized "de jure" the Nationalist (or Franco-led) government as the legal governement of Spain although in practice they of course had to accept the happened facts and deal more or less with Franco´s governement (recognizing "de facto" that it was governing Spain).
However I remember to have read that some of ex-Republicans did made it to Argentina (!) and other Southern American countries and spent the rest of their life peacefully there, so the doors were not completely closed for the Republican refugees despite the official political attitudes. But maybe someone knows more about the refugee politics of Southern American countries to tell more.
The ambivalence of Southern American governments toward Republican governement (considered officially as a legal - "de jure" - governement of Spain but disliked for its leftist/marxist tendencies) was quite common attitude also with the governments of many European countries. The problem of the rightist or "nationalist" refugees in the foreign embassies of Spain is a interesting subject. Many times embassies were abandoned by their regular staff and left to the responsability of local (Spanish) staff or consuls which received refugees and enlarged the premises of embassies without the official authorization of the governements of respective governements. For example the Finnish embassy was practically run by the local Spanish secretary who with "his own authorization" received about 2000 Spanish refugees to be protected under Finnish flag and hired five apartment buildings in different places of Madrid to accomodate them. He had to have some good connections with Republican authorities who practically accepted his arrengements although Finnish governement made it clear to Republican governement that it had nothing to do with these arrengements and "extra buildings". My guess is that bribes had something to do with the matter although the proof of that is very hard to show in the form of written documents.
The doyen (the eldest) of the diplomatic staff in Madrid during SCW, the Chilean ambassador Nuñez (IIRC) has been supposed to be sympathetic for the Nationalist cause (and Nationalist refugees hiding in embassies) although he followed the official line of Chilean governement which considered the Republican governement as the legal governement of Spain (IIRC). It was only after the Republicans lost their authority in Spain as a consequence of complete military defeat that the Nationalist governement became widely accepted as the legal governement of Spain in diplomatic world.
There is some difference with "de facto" (practical recognition) and "de jure" (formal recognition) when it comes to diplomatic formalities. For example Soviet Union never recognized "de jure" the Nationalist (or Franco-led) government as the legal governement of Spain although in practice they of course had to accept the happened facts and deal more or less with Franco´s governement (recognizing "de facto" that it was governing Spain).