asterisk means retired before the war; political appointments who were not serving officers omitted as were posthumous promotions.
Germany:
Field Marshals-Army:
Albrecht, Duke* 8- 1-16 (died 10/39)
Blomberg 4-20-36 (ret.2/38)
Bock 7-19-40 (ret.7/42)
Brauchitsch 7-19-40 (ret. 12/41)
Busch 2- 1-43
Keitel 7-19-40
Kleist, Ewald v. 2- 1-43 (ret. 4/44)
Kluge 7-19-40 (died 8/44)
Kuechler 6-30-42 (ret. 1/44)
Leeb 7-19-40 (ret. 1/42)
List 7-19-40 (ret. 9/42)
Mackensen* 6-20-15
Manstein 7- 1-42 (ret. 4/44)
Model 3- 1-44 (died 4/45)
Paulus 1-31-43 (POW 2/43)
Reichenau 7-19-40 (died 1/42)
Rommel 6-22-42 (died 10/44)
Rundstedt 7-19-40 (ret. 3/45)
Rupprecht, Crown Prince* 8- 1-16 (Bavarian 7-25-16)
Schoerner 4- 5-45
Weichs zu Glon 2- 1-43 (ret. 3/45)
Witzleben 7-19-40 (ret. 3/42; died 8/44)
Grand Admiral:
Doenitz 1-30-43
Raeder 4- 1-39 (ret. 2/43)
Field Marshal (Luftwaffe):
Goering 2- 4-38 (Reichs Marshal 7-19-40)
Greim 4-25-45
Kesselring 7-19-40
Milch 7-19-40
Richthofen 2-16-43 (ret. 11/44)
Sperrle 7-19-40 (ret. 8/44)
Italy:
Marshal of Italy:
Badoglio 5-26-26
Bastico 8-12-42
Cavallero 7- 1-42 (died 9/43)
Caviglia* 6-25-26 (died 3/45)
DeBono* 11-16-35 (died 1/44)
Graziani 5- 9-36
Messe 5-12-43 (POW 5/43)
Pecori-Giraldi* 6-25-26 (died 2/41)
Umberto, Prince 10-29-42
Grand Admiral:
Thaon di Revel* 11- 4-24
Air Marshal:
Balbo 8-13-33 (died 6/40)
Japan:
Field Marshal:
Hata 6- 2-44
Kanin, Prince* 12-12-19 (died 3/45)
Nashimoto,Prince 8- 8-32
Sugiyama 6-21-43
Terauchi, H. 6-21-43
Admiral of the Fleet:
Fushimi, Prince H. 5-27-32
Nagano 6-21-43 (ret. 2/44)
(Yamamoto and Koga were posthumous promotions)
Axis FieldMarshals and Fleet Admirals,WW2
Axis FieldMarshals and Fleet Admirals,WW2
Last edited by genstab on 28 Sep 2003, 22:37, edited 7 times in total.
Re: Axis FieldMarshals and Fleet Admirals,WW2
genstab wrote:asterisk means retired before the war; political appointments who were not serving officers omitted as were posthumous promotions.
Germany:
Field Marshals-Army:
Albrecht, Duke* 8- 1-16 (died 10/39)
Blomberg* 4-20-36 (ret. 2/38)
Bock 7-19-40 (ret.7/42)
Brauchitsch 7-19-40 (ret. 12/41)
Busch 2- 1-43
Keitel 7-19-40
Kleist, Ewald v. 2- 1-43 (ret. 4/44)
Kluge 7-19-40 (died 8/44)
Kuechler 6-30-42 (ret. 1/44)
Leeb 7-19-40 (ret. 1/42)
List 7-19-40 (ret. 9/42)
Mackensen* 6-20-15
Manstein 7- 1-42 (ret. 4/44)
Model 3- 1-44 (died 4/45)
Paulus 1-31-43 (POW 2/43)
Reichenau 7-19-40 (died 1/42)
Rommel 6-22-42 (died 10/44)
Rundstedt 7-19-40 (ret. 3/45)
Rupprecht, Crown Prince* 8- 1-16 (Bavarian 7-25-16)
Schoerner 4- 5-45
Weichs zu Glon 2- 1-43 (ret. 3/45)
Witzleben 7-19-40 (ret. 3/42; died 8/44)
Grand Admiral:
Doenitz 1-30-43
Raeder 4- 1-39 (ret. 2/43)
Field Marshal (Luftwaffe):
Goering 2- 4-38 (Reichs Marshal 7-19-40)
Greim 4-25-45
Kesselring 7-19-40
Milch 7-19-40
Richthofen 2-16-43 (ret. 11/44)
Sperrle 7-19-40 (ret. 8/44)
Italy:
Marshal of Italy:
Badoglio 5-26-26
Bastico 8-12-42
Cavallero 7- 1-42 (died 9/43)
Caviglia* 6-25-26 (died 3/45)
DeBono* 11-16-35 (died 1/44)
Graziani 5- 9-36
Messe 5-12-43 (POW 5/43)
Pecori-Giraldi* 6-25-26 (died 2/41)
Umberto, Prince 10-29-42
Grand Admiral:
Thaon di Revel* 11- 4-24
Air Marshal:
Balbo 8-13-33 (died 6/40)
Japan:
Field Marshal:
Hata 6- 2-44
Kanin, Prince* 12-12-19 (died 3/45)
Nashimoto,Prince 8- 8-32
Sugiyama 6-21-43
Terauchi, H. 6-21-43
Admiral of the Fleet:
Fushimi, Prince H. 5-27-32
Nagano 6-21-43 (ret. 2/44)
(Yamamoto and Koga were posthumous promotions)
Last edited by genstab on 28 Sep 2003, 22:41, edited 1 time in total.
Re: Axis FieldMarshals and Fleet Admirals,WW2
genstab wrote:asterisk means retired before the war; political appointments who were not serving officers omitted as were posthumous promotions.
Germany:
Field Marshals-Army:
Albrecht, Duke* 8- 1-16 (died 10/39)
Blomberg* 4-20-36 (ret. 2/38)
Bock 7-19-40 (ret.7/42)
Brauchitsch 7-19-40 (ret. 12/41)
Busch 2- 1-43
Keitel 7-19-40
Kleist, Ewald v. 2- 1-43 (ret. 4/44)
Kluge 7-19-40 (died 8/44)
Kuechler 6-30-42 (ret. 1/44)
Leeb 7-19-40 (ret. 1/42)
List 7-19-40 (ret. 9/42)
Mackensen* 6-20-15
Manstein 7- 1-42 (ret. 4/44)
Model 3- 1-44 (died 4/45)
Paulus 1-31-43 (POW 2/43)
Reichenau 7-19-40 (died 1/42)
Rommel 6-22-42 (died 10/44)
Rundstedt 7-19-40 (ret. 3/45)
Rupprecht, Crown Prince* 8- 1-16 (Bavarian 7-25-16)
Schoerner 4- 5-45
Weichs zu Glon 2- 1-43 (ret. 3/45)
Witzleben 7-19-40 (ret. 3/42; died 8/44)
Grand Admiral:
Doenitz 1-30-43
Raeder 4- 1-39 (ret. 2/43)
Field Marshal (Luftwaffe):
Goering 2- 4-38 (Reichs Marshal 7-19-40)
Greim 4-25-45
Kesselring 7-19-40
Milch 7-19-40
Richthofen 2-16-43 (ret. 11/44)
Sperrle 7-19-40 (ret. 8/44)
Italy:
Marshal of Italy:
Badoglio 5-26-26
Bastico 8-12-42
Cavallero 7- 1-42 (died 9/43)
Caviglia* 6-25-26 (died 3/45)
DeBono* 11-16-35 (died 1/44)
Graziani 5- 9-36
Messe 5-12-43 (POW 5/43)
Pecori-Giraldi* 6-25-26 (died 2/41)
Umberto, Prince 10-29-42
Grand Admiral:
Thaon di Revel* 11- 4-24
Air Marshal:
Balbo 8-13-33 (died 6/40)
Japan:
Field Marshal:
Hata 6- 2-44
Kanin, Prince* 12-12-19 (died 3/45)
Nashimoto,Prince 8- 8-32
Sugiyama 6-21-43
Terauchi, H. 6-21-43
Admiral of the Fleet:
Fushimi, Prince H. 5-27-32
Nagano 6-21-43 (ret. 2/44)
(Yamamoto and Koga were posthumous promotions)
Axis FieldMarshals and Fleet Admirals,WW2
Hi genstab and the other biographical researchers
Just a small addition.
The Austro-Hungarian Feldmarschall von Böhm-Ermolli of World War I fame got the German “Charakter als Generalfeldmarschall” on 31 Oct 1940, as the only former Austro-Hungarian officer to receive this honorary rank.
Eduard Freiherr von Böhm-Ermolli ( 12 Feb 1856 - 9 Dec 1941) became K.u.K. Feldmarschall on 31 Jan 1918.
You can find a photo of Böhm-Ermolli in the uniform of a German Generalfeldmarschall on http://www.twschwarzer.de/boehm.htm
Just a small addition.
The Austro-Hungarian Feldmarschall von Böhm-Ermolli of World War I fame got the German “Charakter als Generalfeldmarschall” on 31 Oct 1940, as the only former Austro-Hungarian officer to receive this honorary rank.
Eduard Freiherr von Böhm-Ermolli ( 12 Feb 1856 - 9 Dec 1941) became K.u.K. Feldmarschall on 31 Jan 1918.
You can find a photo of Böhm-Ermolli in the uniform of a German Generalfeldmarschall on http://www.twschwarzer.de/boehm.htm
- tyskaorden
- Member
- Posts: 298
- Joined: 12 Mar 2002, 13:40
- Location: Sollentuna, Sweden
GFM August von Mackensen born Dec. 6, 1849 and entered the Army as a private in 1869 and in 1908 he had risen to the rank of General of Cavalry. During the First World War he was active on the Eastern and Balkan Fronts and led the combined German and Autro-Hungarian forces who finaly overran Serbia in 1915 and conquered Rumania in Jan. 1917. von Mackensen spent the rest of the War vitually the ruler of Rumania. He retirered from military service in 1920 and died Nov. 8, 1945.
The third son of the Field-Marshal, Eberhard von Mackensen born Sept. 24, 1889. Served on the General Staff in the First World War and during the Second as a Corps and Army Commander, ending the War as a Colonel-General. He was captured in Italy and with Lieutentant-General Maelzer was tried as a War Criminal by a British Trubinal in 1946. The two was found guilty of beeing concerned with the murder of 335 Italians in the Ardeatine Caves. von Mackensen was sentenced to death by shooting, however in 1947 the sentence was commuted to life imprisonment. He was then released in 1952.
//Tyskaorden alias Marcus Karlsson
The third son of the Field-Marshal, Eberhard von Mackensen born Sept. 24, 1889. Served on the General Staff in the First World War and during the Second as a Corps and Army Commander, ending the War as a Colonel-General. He was captured in Italy and with Lieutentant-General Maelzer was tried as a War Criminal by a British Trubinal in 1946. The two was found guilty of beeing concerned with the murder of 335 Italians in the Ardeatine Caves. von Mackensen was sentenced to death by shooting, however in 1947 the sentence was commuted to life imprisonment. He was then released in 1952.
//Tyskaorden alias Marcus Karlsson
Re: Axis FieldMarshals and Fleet Admirals,WW2
kozhedub wrote:Hi genstab and the other biographical researchers
Just a small addition.
The Austro-Hungarian Feldmarschall von Böhm-Ermolli of World War I fame got the German “Charakter als Generalfeldmarschall” on 31 Oct 1940, as the only former Austro-Hungarian officer to receive this honorary rank.
Eduard Freiherr von Böhm-Ermolli ( 12 Feb 1856 - 9 Dec 1941) became K.u.K. Feldmarschall on 31 Jan 1918.
You can find a photo of Böhm-Ermolli in the uniform of a German Generalfeldmarschall on http://www.twschwarzer.de/boehm.htm
You're quite correct- he's listed in Bradley and I was aware of him. Just didn't think an honorary marshal qualified for my list in this case as he was never a regular German officer. He will be on my WWI list to follow in that part of the Forum (I will also post WW2 Allied Marshals and Fleet Admirals in the Enemies of the Third Reich forum).
He and Falkenhayn conquered the southern part of Romania: Wallachia. He did not manage to take Moldavia and was defeated in the battle of Marasesti in July-August 1917, during another attempt to seize it and brake through into Ukraine.tyskaorden wrote:During the First World War he was active on the Eastern and Balkan Fronts and led the combined German and Autro-Hungarian forces who finaly overran Serbia in 1915 and conquered Rumania in Jan. 1917.
- Steen Ammentorp
- Member
- Posts: 3269
- Joined: 13 Mar 2002, 13:48
- Location: Denmark
- Contact:
Hi,
Axis marshals should include the following marshals
Slavko Kvarternik (Croatia)
friherre Carl Gustaf Mannerheim (Finland)
Ion Victor Antonescu (Romania)
And maybe:
Erzherzog Eugen (Hungary)
Although a WWI Austro-Hungarian field marshal he still performed representative duties in uniform in the Hungarian army during WWII.
Kind Regards
Steen Ammentorp
The Generals of World War II
Axis marshals should include the following marshals
Slavko Kvarternik (Croatia)
friherre Carl Gustaf Mannerheim (Finland)
Ion Victor Antonescu (Romania)
And maybe:
Erzherzog Eugen (Hungary)
Although a WWI Austro-Hungarian field marshal he still performed representative duties in uniform in the Hungarian army during WWII.
Kind Regards
Steen Ammentorp
The Generals of World War II
19 May 1933 sotamarsalkka (Field Marshal)friherre Carl Gustaf Mannerheim (Finland)
4 June 1942 Suomen marsalkka (Marshal of Finland)
Note that officially these were not military ranks but honorary titles; they were intended as special honours for Mannerheim personally, and he's the only person to have held them. Mannerheim even had to pay the stamp tax for his sotamarsalkka-title!
In practice both titles were used like military ranks, and there was a distinct rank insignia for sotamarsalkka, which wasn't changed when Mannerheim was nominated Suomen marsalkka. Mannerheim had already received an unofficial marshal's baton in 1928 by the association of veterans of the War of Liberty, and he was given an official one in 1933.
BTW, Mannerheim's Finnish title of nobility was vapaaherra.
- Steen Ammentorp
- Member
- Posts: 3269
- Joined: 13 Mar 2002, 13:48
- Location: Denmark
- Contact:
Hi AJK,
Yes - I meant Joseph. I had nagging feeling that I made a mistake there. But since I was at work I couldn’t check it. Sorry Genstab!
Kind Regards
Steen Ammentorp
www.generals.dk
Yes - I meant Joseph. I had nagging feeling that I made a mistake there. But since I was at work I couldn’t check it. Sorry Genstab!
Kind Regards
Steen Ammentorp
www.generals.dk
Hi
Of the three Austro-Hungarian Feldmarschälle still living at the end of the thirties only Böhm-Ermolli got a German honorary rank.
The two others were Habsburgs:
K.u.K. Feldmarschall Erzherzog Joseph (9 Aug 1872 - 6 Jul 1962), who settled in Hungary after World War I. He was president of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences from 1936 till 1944, when he escaped form Hungary.
K.u.K. Feldmarschall Erzherzog Eugen (11 May 1863 - 30 Dec 1954), who kept low-profile after the Anschluß. After World War I he first lived in Switzerland, and from 1934 again in Austria.
Of the three Austro-Hungarian Feldmarschälle still living at the end of the thirties only Böhm-Ermolli got a German honorary rank.
The two others were Habsburgs:
K.u.K. Feldmarschall Erzherzog Joseph (9 Aug 1872 - 6 Jul 1962), who settled in Hungary after World War I. He was president of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences from 1936 till 1944, when he escaped form Hungary.
K.u.K. Feldmarschall Erzherzog Eugen (11 May 1863 - 30 Dec 1954), who kept low-profile after the Anschluß. After World War I he first lived in Switzerland, and from 1934 again in Austria.
honorary marshals
[/quote]My question is did Erzherzog Josef Augustin receive an honorary rank of Marshal from post-WW1 Hungary? I know Rohr von Denta did.[quote][/quote]
Re: honorary marshals
I don't think he received an honorary rank of Marshal from post-WW1 Hungary, according to one source:genstab wrote:My question is did Erzherzog Josef Augustin receive an honorary rank of Marshal from post-WW1 Hungary? I know Rohr von Denta did
http://www.austro-hungarian-army.co.uk/ ... zjosef.htmHe did not completely retire from politics and when the House of Lords was installed again in 1927 he became a member of that institution but concentrated his efforts more to science and society work and published his memoirs. Before the war he received two honorary doctorates, one in Philosophy from the university of Budapest and one in technical sciences from the technical university of Budapest He now became an honorary member of the Hungarian Akademie der Wissenschaften, from 1936 to 1944 he was its president.
So he was not with the military in post-WWI Hungary.
Erzherzog Joseph received his Field Marshal's baton in 1918, while the Austro-Hungarian empire was still in existance. Post-war, when the Erzherzog lived in Hungary, his former rank was still recognized, and he did not need an honorary rank of Field Marshal. While he was not in the military, he often appeared at functions in his Field Marshal's uniform, frequently alongside the Regent of Hungary, Admiral Miklos Horthy.
AJK
AJK