Text Russian
Ðàññêàç áàðîíà Ýäý Àòöåëÿ î÷åíü áîëüøîé (îáúåì ýòîãî äîêóìåíòà ïÿòü ëèñòîâ ôîðìàòà A4 ìàøèíîïèñíîãî òåêñòà â îäèí èíòåðâàë)
ß âçÿë îòòóäà òî, ÷òî êàñàåòñÿ ëæè î Êðàñíîé Àðìèè, êîòîðóþ íà÷àëà ðàñïðîñòðàíÿòü ãåðìàíñêàÿ è âåíãåðñêàÿ, òî÷íåå ñàëàøèñòêàÿ, ïðîïàãàíäà åù¸ îñåíüþ 1944 ãîäà, è êîòîðóþ ïðîäîëæàþò ðàñïðîñòðàíÿòü äî ñåãî äíÿ.
Ñïðàâêà î ñîäåðæàíèè áåñåäû îôèöåðà ïîëèòîòäåëà 46-é àðìèè ñ äåëåãàòîì êîìèòåòà îñâîáîæäåíèÿ Âåíãðèè Ý. Àòöåëåì
27 íîÿáðÿ 1944 ãîäà
25 íîÿáðÿ ïåðåø¸ë ëèíèþ ôðîíòà ìëàäøèé ëåéòåíàíò áàðîí Àòöåëü Ýäý, ÿâëÿþùèéñÿ äåëåãàòîì Êîìèòåòà îñâîáîæäåíèÿ Âåíãðèè. Áàðîí Àòöåëü èìååò çàäà÷ó: ñâÿçàòüñÿ ñ êîìàíäîâàíèåì Êðàñíîé Àðìèè è íàõîäÿùèìñÿ â ÑÑÑÐ ãåíåðàë-ïîëêîâíèêîì ßíîøåì ¸ð¸øîì, à òàê æå âûñòóïèòü ïî ðàäèî ñ îáðàùåíèåì ê âåíãåðñêîìó íàðîäó è íàñåëåíèþ Áóäàïåøòà.
Áàðîí Àòöåëü Ýäý – ïî ïðîôåññèè èíæåíåð-àãðîíîì, îäèí èç àêòèâíûõ äåÿòåëåé òàê íàçûâàåìîé âåíãåðñêîé ïàðòèè â Òðàíñèëüâàíèè. Îí èìååò øèðîêèå çíàêîìñòâà â ðóêîâîäÿùèõ êðóãàõ âåíãåðñêîé àðìèè. Ïî ñåêðåòíîé äèðåêòèâå ãåíåðàëüíîãî øòàáà Àòöåëü ïîäãîòàâëèâàë îòðÿäû âåíãåðñêèõ ïàðòèçàí â ñëó÷àå âîéíû Âåíãðèè ñ Ðóìûíèåé. Îòðÿäû ôîðìèðîâàëèñü ïîä âèäîì ïîäãîòîâêè ãîðíûõ ïðîâîäíèêîâ.
 ïîñëåäíåå âðåìÿ áàðîí Àòöåëü ñîñòîÿë ïðè øòàáå 2-é âåíãåðñêîé àðìèè äî àðåñòà êîìàíäóþùåãî àðìèåé ãåíåðàë-ïîëêîâíèêà ¸ð¸øà Ëàéîøà, áëèçêèì äðóãîì è ñîâåòíèêîì êîòîðîãî îí ÿâëÿåòñÿ.
 áåñåäå áàðîí Àòöåëü ñîîáùèë ñëåäóþùåå:
«ß ÿâëÿþñü áëèçêèì äðóãîì è ñîâåòíèêîì ãåíåðàë-ïîëêîâíèêà Ëàéîøà ¸ð¸øà è ÷åëîâåêîì, èìåþùèì îáøèðíûå çíàêîìñòâà â âîåííûõ êðóãàõ.
Êîãäà ðóññêàÿ àðìèÿ âñòóïèëà íà Áàëêàíû, ïîñëå êàïèòóëÿöèè Ðóìûíèè è ðàçðûâà Áîëãàðèè ñ Ãåðìàíèåé, äëÿ ¸ð¸øà Ëàéîøà è äëÿ ìåíÿ ñòàëî ÿñíî, ÷òî Âåíãðèÿ äîëæíà äîáèòüñÿ çàêëþ÷åíèÿ ïåðåìèðèÿ ñ Ðîññèåé, åñëè îíà íå æåëàåò ïðåâðàòèòüñÿ â àðåíó âîåííûõ äåéñòâèé. Ìû ïîíèìàåì, ÷òî íåìöû ïðèëîæàò âñå óñèëèÿ, ÷òîáû óäåðæàòü Âåíãðèþ íà ñâîåé ñòîðîíå, è öåíîé å¸ îïóñòîøåíèÿ è æåðòâ õîòü íà íåêîòîðîå âðåìÿ ïðèîñòàíîâèòü ïðîäâèæåíèå Êðàñíîé Àðìèè ê íåìåöêèì ãðàíèöàì.
22 ñåíòÿáðÿ ãåíåðàë-ïîëêîâíèê ¸ð¸ø Ëàéîø ïîðó÷èë ìíå ïðîáðàòüñÿ â Ìîñêâó è óçíàòü, êàêîâû áóäóò óñëîâèÿ ïåðåìèðèÿ.
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Èçâåñòíîå âëèÿíèå íà àðìèþ îêàçûâàåò íåìåöêàÿ è Ñàëàøè (ñàëàøèñòñêàÿ) ïðîïàãàíäà, êîòîðàÿ èç äíÿ â äåíü â ñàìûõ ÷åðíûõ êðàñêàõ îïèñûâàåò «çâåðñòâà ðóññêèõ â Âåíãðèè» Ïîä âëèÿíèå ýòîé ïðîïàãàíäû ïîïàäàþò ìíîãèå âèäíûå ãðàæäàíñêèå è âîåííûå äåÿòåëè.
ß íåäàâíî âèäåëñÿ ñî ñâîèì ñòàðûì çíàêîìûì êîìàíäèðîì äèâèçèè «Ñåíò-Ëàñëî» ïîëêîâíèêîì ãåíåðàëüíîãî øòàáà Çþäè Çîëòàíîì. Ðàçãîâîð çàø¸ë îá îáðàùåíèè ßíîøà ¸ð¸øà. ß îäîáðèë åãî îáðàùåíèå. Çþäè ñêàçàë: «ß ÷èòàë îáðàùåíèå ßíîøà ¸ð¸ø, íî åñëè îòäàäèìñÿ íà ìèëîñòü ðóññêèõ, Âåíãðèÿ áóäåò ïîðàáîùåíà. ß ÷òî ðóññêèå òâîðÿò â îêêóïèðîâàííûõ îáëàñòÿõ!».
Ïðè ýòîì ïîëêîâíèê ðàññêàçà ìíå, ÷òî îí ñëûøàë î òîì, ÷òî åãî ðîäñòâåííèêè íà îêêóïèðîâàííîé òåððèòîðèè ïîêîí÷èëè æèçíü ñàìîóáèéñòâîì, ÿêîáû, íå âûäåðæàâ èçäåâàòåëüñòâ ñî ñòîðîíû ðóññêèõ. Îá ýòîì åìó ñîîáùèëè çíàêîìûå. Êîãäà ÿ óñîìíèëñÿ â ýòîì è ñïðîñèë, êòî áûëè ýòè çíàêîìûå, Çþäè çàÿâèë, ÷òî âîîáùå åãî äîëã – àðåñòîâàòü ìåíÿ êàê ÷åëîâåêà, ñèìïàòèçèðóþùåãî âðàãó, íî ââèäó ñòàðîãî çíàêîìñòâà îí îòïóñêàåò ìåíÿ è íàäååòñÿ, ÷òî ÿ áóäó ïîîñòîðîæíåå.
Òîãäà ÿ îáðàòèëñÿ ê íà÷àëüíèêó øòàáà äèâèçèè ìàéîðó Ëîéòàøó. Òîò îêàçàëñÿ íå òàêèì çàêîðåíåëûì òèïîì, êàê Çþäè, è âûðàçèë ñî÷óâñòâèå ßíîøó ¸ð¸øó. Îí ñêàçàë ìíå êîíôèäåíöèàëüíî, ÷òî â ñëó÷àå, åñëè ñîçäàñòñÿ áëàãîïðèÿòíàÿ îáñòàíîâêà äëÿ ïåðåõîäà íà ñòîðîíó Êðàñíîé Àðìèè, îí óñòðîèò âñå çà ñïèíîé «ñòàðèêà» (òàê îí íàçâàë êîìàíäèðà äèâèçèè) ïðè ïîìîùè ïðåäàííûõ åìó îôèöåðîâ.
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Õî÷ó ñêàçàòü åù¸ íåñêîëüêî ñëîâ î íåìåöêîé ïðîïàãàíäå (â ýòî ïîíÿòèå âõîäèò è ïðîïàãàíäà ïðàâèòåëüñòâà Ñàëàøè, èáî îíà òîæäåñòâåííà ñ íåìåöêîé). Ýòà ïðîïàãàíäà ÷ðåçâû÷àéíî àêòèâíà, ïðè÷¸ì å¸ äåëàåò óáåäèòåëüíîé òî, ÷òî îíà àðãóìåíòèðóåò ôàêòàìè, äàòàìè, öèôðàìè è ôàìèëèÿìè.
Íåäàâíî íàäåëàëî øóì èçâåùåíèå î òîì, ÷òî â Ñåãåäå çàêðûò óíèâåðñèòåò, à ñòóäåíòû âûâåçåíû â Ðîññèþ.
Î÷åíü ìíîãî ïèñàëè è ñîîáùàëè ïî ðàäèî «î çâåðñòâàõ ðóññêèõ â Íîäüñîëîíòî», ïåðåäàâàëèñü ðàññêàçû áåæåíöåâ îòòóäà, ñ ïåðå÷èñëåíèåì ôàìèëèé, î òîì, ÷òî ðóññêèå, âñòóïèâ â ãîðîä, èçíàñèëîâàëè ìíîãèõ âåíãåðñêèõ æåíùèí è äåâóøåê è 9 èç íèõ ïîêîí÷èëè æèçíü ñàìîóáèéñòâîì.
Ýòè ðàññêàçû «î çâåðñòâàõ â Íîäüñîëîíòî» áûëè äî òîãî ðàñïèñàíû îôèöèàëüíîé ïðîïàãàíäîé, ÷òî î íèõ è òåïåðü èä¸ò èíîãî ðàçãîâîðîâ â Áóäàïåøòå.
Áûëè îïóáëèêîâàíû ñîîáùåíèÿ î òîì, ÷òî ïðîôåññîð Ñåíò-Äüåðäü, èçâåñòíûé ó÷åíûé-âèòàìèíîëîã, ëàóðåàò Íîáåëåâñêîé ïðåìèè, áåæàë èç Ñåãåäà, èáî íå ìîã ñïîêîéíî ñîçåðöàòü áåçîáðàçèÿ, êîòîðûå òâîðèëè ðóññêèå.
ß ñ÷èòàþ, ÷òî ëó÷øèì ñðåäñòâîì ðàçîáëà÷åíèÿ ôàøèñòñêîé ïðîïàãàíäû ÿâëÿåòñÿ îòâåòíàÿ ïðîïàãàíäà ðóññêèõ – ëèñòîâêè âûñòóïëåíèÿ ïî ðàäèî, òàê æå íàñûùåííàÿ ôàêòàìè, öèôðàìè, äàòàìè è ôàìèëèÿìè. Íàïðèìåð, î÷åíü óáåäèòåëüíî áûëî âûïóñòèòü ëèñòîâêó ñ ïèñüìîì ñòóäåíòîâ Ñåãåäñêîãî óíèâåðñèòåòà î òîì, ÷òî îíè íà÷àëè ó÷åáó â óíèâåðñèòåòå. Ýòó ëèñòîâêó íàäî áûëî áû â îãðîìíûõ êîëè÷åñòâàõ ñáðàñûâàòü íàä Áóäàïåøòîì è åù¸ íå çàíÿòîé ðóññêèìè ÷àñòüþ Âåíãðèè.
×òî êàñàåòñÿ Íîäüñîëîíòî, çäåñü áûëî áû óìåñòíî ïîñëàíèå àâòîðèòåòíûõ ëèö èç ÷èñëà æèòåëåé, â êîòîðîì áûëî áû ðàññêàçàíî î òîì, êàê ïðîòåêàåò æèçíü â Íîäüñîëîíòî ïîñëå çàíÿòèÿ ðóññêèìè, î òîì, ÷òî âñå îñòàëîñü ïî-ïðåæíåìó: ó÷ðåæäåíèÿ ðàáîòàþ, â öåðêâÿõ ïðîèñõîäèò áîãîñëóæåíèå, ìàãàçèíû îòêðûòû, â øêîëå èä¸ò ó÷åáà, íèêîãî íå ïðåñëåäóþò è íå ïðèòåñíÿþò.
Õîðîøî áûëî áû, ÷òîáû ïðîôåññîð Ñåíò-Äüåðäü, òàê æå â ëèñòîâêå, îïðîâåðã âîçâåä¸ííóþ íà íåãî êëåâåòó, åñëè îí äåéñòâèòåëüíî íå áåæàë èç Ñåãåäà.
Âîò ÷òî ïðîèçâåëî áû îãðîìíîå âîçäåéñòâèå íà æèòåëåé Áóäàïåøòà, äà è íà âñå íàñåëåíèå Âåíãðèè. Ýòî áóäåò íàèáîëåå äåéñòâåííîé ïðîïàãàíäîé Êðàñíîé Àðìèè è íàèëó÷øèì ðàçîáëà÷åíèå ëæèâîé ôàøèñòêîé ïðîïàãàíäû.…»
ÖÀÌÎ ÐÔ.
ôîíä 243, îïèñü 2914, äåëî 237, ëèñòû 322-325
ÐÀ. ÂÎÂ. òîì 14-3(2), Ñ. 331-335
Text English
The story of baron Ede Attselja very big (volume of this document five sheets of format A4 of the typewritten text in one interval)
I have taken therefrom that, as to lie about Red Army which the German and salashi propagation even in the autumn of 1944 and which continue to distribute about this day began to distribute.
The information on the contents of conversation of the officer of a political department of 46-th army with the delegate of committee of clearing of Hungary E.Attsel
On November, 27, 1944
On November, 25 the second lieutenant baron Attsel Ede being the delegate of Committee of clearing of Hungary has passed a front line. Baron Attsel has a task: to contact command of Red Army and general - colonel Janosh Vyoryosh taking place in the USSR, and as to broadcast the reference to Hungarian people and the population of Budapest.
Baron Attsel Ede – by a trade the engineer - agriculturist, one of active figures of a so-called Hungarian party in Transylvania. He has wide acquaintances in supervising circles of the Hungarian army. Under the confidential instruction of Joint Staff Attsel the guerrilla prepared groups Hungarian in case of war of Hungary with Romania. Groups were formed under a kind of preparation of mountain conductors.
Recently baron Attsel has consisten at a staff of 2-nd Hungarian army before arrest of the commander by army of general - colonel Vyoryosh Lajosh, the close friend and which adviser he is.
In conversation baron Attsel has informed the following:
«I am the close friend and the adviser of general - colonel Lajosh Vyoryosh and the person having extensive acquaintances in military circles.
When Russian army has entered to the Balkans, after capitulation of Romania and break of Bulgaria with Germany, for Lajosh Vyoryosh and for me it became clear, that Hungary should achieve the conclusion of an armistice with Russia if it does not wish to turn to arena of military actions. We understand, that Germans will use the best efforts to keep Hungary on the side, and by her devastation and victims though for some time to suspend promotion of Red Army to German borders.
On September, 22 general - colonel Vyoryosh Lajosh has charged me to make the way to Moscow and find out, what conditions of an armistice will be.
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Known influence on army renders german and salasi’s propagation which of day in day in the most black paints describes « atrocities Russian in Hungary » Under influence of this propagation many outstanding civil and military figures get.
I recently saw the old familiar commander of division "Sent-Laslo" the colonel of Joint Staff Zjudi Zoltan. Conversation has gone about reference Janosh Vyoryosh. I have approved his reference. Zjudi has told: «I read reference Janosh Vyoryosh but if we shall be given on favour Russian, Hungary will be to enthral. I that Russian create in occupied areas!».
Thus the colonel of the story to me, that he heard that his relatives on an occupied territory have committed suicide, ostensibly, not having sustained mockeries on the part of Russian. About it to him have informed familiar. When I have doubted of it and have asked, who these were familiar, Zjudi has declared, that in general his duty – to arrest me as the person sympathizing the enemy, but in view of old acquaintance he releases me and hopes, that I shall be more cautious.
Then I have addressed to the chief of a staff of a division to major Lojtash. That appeared not such inveterate type as Zjudi, and has felt Janosh Vyoryosh. He has told to me confidentially, that in case favorable conditions for transition to the side of Red Army will be created, he will arrange all behind a back of "old man" (so he has named the commander of a division) by means of officers devoted to him.
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Words about German propagation (this concept includes also propagation of government Salashi for she is identical with German) want still more some. This propagation is extremely active, and it is done convincing by that she gives reason the facts, by dates, figures and surnames.
Recently the notice that in Szeged the university is closed has done noise, and students are taken out to Russia.
Much wrote and informed by radio «atrocities Russian in Nod’solonto», stories of refugees therefrom, with transfer of surnames were transferred, that Russian, having entered in city, have raped many Hungarian women and girls and 9 from them have committed suicide.
These stories « about atrocities in Nod’solonto » up to that have been painted by official propagation, that about them and now goes other conversations in Budapest.
Messages that professor Sent-Djerd, the known scientist- vitaminologi, the Nobel prize winner, ran from Szeged for could not behold quietly disgrace which created Russian have been published.
I think, that the best means of exposure of fascist propagation is reciprocal propagation Russian – leaflets of performance by radio, as sated with the facts, figures, dates and surnames. For example, it was very convincing to let out a leaflet with the letter of students Stged’s of university that they have begun study at university. This leaflet should be dumped in huge quantities above Budapest and yet the Hungary not occupied with Russian part.
As to Nod’solonto, the message of authoritative persons here would be pertinent from among inhabitants in which it would be told about how life in Nod’solonto after occupation Russian proceeds, that all remained still: establishments I work, in churches there is a divine service, shops are open, at school there is a study, nobody pursued and do not oppress.
It would be good, that professor Sent-Djerd as in a leaflet, has denied the slander erected on him if he really did not run from Szeged.
That would make huge influence on inhabitants of Budapest, and on all population of Hungary. It will be the most effective propagation of Red Army and the best exposure false fascist propagation…»
CAMD RUSSIAN FEDERATION.
fund 243, inventory 2914, file 237, sheets 322-325
RA. GPW. vol 14-3 (2), S. 331-335