Invariably in English history 1066 is seen as the last invasion of England.
Why is that? There were a number of invasions after that date, admittedly many led by ousted kings and barons trying to regain power. King Stephen comes to mind.
But there were two very serious invasions led/supported by foreign powers. The first was in May 1216, when Louis the Lion (later Louis VIII) used the Baron's war as an excuse to invade England with a view to conquer. He quickly captured London and almost a third of England, before the English Barons rallied around William Marshall and defeated Louis. The war continued for almost a year and a half, until Louis VIII gave up his claim to be the King of England by signing the Treaty of Lambeth on 11 September 1217.
The second serious invasion was more effective, known as the Glorious Revolution of 1688. Again an example of English noble's fiercely rebelling against the Kings rule (a common theme in English history), this time over religion. So the rebellious Noble's invited William III of Orange to invade. Which he did, fully prepared for serious war. However James II decided on flight, and the invasion became a peaceful takeover. And as William was married to Mary II (daughter of James II) and Protestant, they ruled hand in hand until Mary's death. Whence William ruled alone, and established the dynasty House of Hanover.
1066
Re: 1066
The invasion of 1216 after initial success failed. The invasion of 1688 was welcomed by most of the population and only involved the removal of the head of state and his replacement by his daughter and her husband. What happened after 1066 was radically different. There are not many major Europe powers (in its day) that have been destroyed so comprehensively as Anglo Saxon England. Perhaps the destruction of the Aztecs after the Spanish arrived could be the closest comparison.
Within about five years of 1066 virtually the entire English upper class had been dispossessed of their land. Religious institutions which were large holders of land had all their heads replaced by foreigners over a longer period of time. In an agricultural society land was the main measure of wealth. After less than twenty years it would have been hard to find an Englishman who owned anything of any great value. Naturally the new owners of England were not particularly bothered about learning English it was the English who needed to learn their conquerors language. However, the conquerors were not very numerous when compared to the conquered. The English language as spoken by the men who fought at Hastings disappeared and a new language based on English but incorporating an enormous number of French words succeeds it.
Within about five years of 1066 virtually the entire English upper class had been dispossessed of their land. Religious institutions which were large holders of land had all their heads replaced by foreigners over a longer period of time. In an agricultural society land was the main measure of wealth. After less than twenty years it would have been hard to find an Englishman who owned anything of any great value. Naturally the new owners of England were not particularly bothered about learning English it was the English who needed to learn their conquerors language. However, the conquerors were not very numerous when compared to the conquered. The English language as spoken by the men who fought at Hastings disappeared and a new language based on English but incorporating an enormous number of French words succeeds it.