A one way mission means : no return .wm wrote: ↑16 Sep 2022 18:22The Tu-4 possessed sufficient range to attack Chicago or Los Angeles on a one-way mission since 1949.ljadw wrote: ↑16 Sep 2022 06:00US had til the launch of the Sputnik a nuclear monopoly: they could destroy the USSR and Europe ,while the Soviets could not attack US cities because they had no ICBMs and no bombers who could attack DC,etc,and return . Thus a conventional Soviet attack in Europe was not possible .
This was the nuclear umbrella .
All this changed with the Sputnik,because the launching of the Sputnik meant that the Soviets had now the means to build ICBMs .
The Tu-95 Bear was available since 1952.
The R-13 SLBM was available since 1959.
Besides the Soviets had no long range fighters to protect their bombers .