Kriegsmarine Fu.M.B. in the West
Re: Kriegsmarine Fu.M.B. in the West
Hi Tim,
Understand
bregds
SES
Understand
bregds
SES
-
- Member
- Posts: 280
- Joined: 30 Mar 2013, 14:10
Re: Kriegsmarine Fu.M.B. in the West
Hi!
Very interesting!
Maybe interesting as well...
German-Danish-Border to The Netherlands-Belgium-Border:
Fu.M.B. Wennigstedt/Sylt - FuMB 4,5,11
Fu.M.B. St. Peter Ording - FuMB 4,5,11
Fu.M.B. Heligoland - FuMB 4,5,11 (each twice!)
Fu.M.B. Langeoog - FuMB 4,5
Fu.M.B. Borkum - FuMB 4,5,11
Fu.M.B. Schiermonikoog - FuMB 4,5,11
Fu.M.B. Terschelling - FuMB 4,5,11
Fu.M.B. Texel North - FuMB 4,5,11
Fu.M.B. Kamperduin - FuMB 4,5,11,12
Fu.M.B. Ijmuiden - FuMB 4,5,11,12
Fu.M.B. Katwijk - FuMB 4,5
Fu.M.B. Scheveningen - FuMB 11,15
Fu.M.B. Hoek van Holland - FuMB 4,5
Fu.M.B. Goeree - FuMB 11
Fu.M.B. Schouwen - FuMB 4,5
Please see also: http://www.gyges.dk/kriegsmarine_signal ... ligenc.htm
From a KTB:
"FuMB-Peilkreis "Mitte" an Hollandküste mit 3 FuMB-Stellen - Katwijk (Berta I),
Hoek van Holland (Berta II) und Ymuiden (Berta III) - seit dem 30.6.44 einsatzbereit."
So the Germans used these three as a DF-base...
Best wishes
Rolf
I see...Chazette wrote:yes see my book
Very interesting!
Maybe interesting as well...
German-Danish-Border to The Netherlands-Belgium-Border:
Fu.M.B. Wennigstedt/Sylt - FuMB 4,5,11
Fu.M.B. St. Peter Ording - FuMB 4,5,11
Fu.M.B. Heligoland - FuMB 4,5,11 (each twice!)
Fu.M.B. Langeoog - FuMB 4,5
Fu.M.B. Borkum - FuMB 4,5,11
Fu.M.B. Schiermonikoog - FuMB 4,5,11
Fu.M.B. Terschelling - FuMB 4,5,11
Fu.M.B. Texel North - FuMB 4,5,11
Fu.M.B. Kamperduin - FuMB 4,5,11,12
Fu.M.B. Ijmuiden - FuMB 4,5,11,12
Fu.M.B. Katwijk - FuMB 4,5
Fu.M.B. Scheveningen - FuMB 11,15
Fu.M.B. Hoek van Holland - FuMB 4,5
Fu.M.B. Goeree - FuMB 11
Fu.M.B. Schouwen - FuMB 4,5
Please see also: http://www.gyges.dk/kriegsmarine_signal ... ligenc.htm
From a KTB:
"FuMB-Peilkreis "Mitte" an Hollandküste mit 3 FuMB-Stellen - Katwijk (Berta I),
Hoek van Holland (Berta II) und Ymuiden (Berta III) - seit dem 30.6.44 einsatzbereit."
So the Germans used these three as a DF-base...
Best wishes
Rolf
Re: Kriegsmarine Fu.M.B. in the West
New uddate with the information from Rolf and from the book Radar in Nederland 1940-1945 by JR Verbeek and CNJ Neisingh
Does anyone understand the exact Fu.M.B. types in each Fu.M.B. post from Alain's list
Also what is the exact type number the combined number 21 or 27 or the seperate numbers 4.5.11
Fu.M.B. Kriegsmarine
Fu.M.B. Wennigstedt/Sylt – Fu.M.B. 4,5,11
Fu.M.B. St. Peter Ording – Fu.M.B. 4,5,11
Fu.M.B. Heligoland – Fu.M.B. 4,5,11 (each twice!)
Fu.M.B. Langeoog – Fu.M.B. 4,5
Fu.M.B. Borkum – Fu.M.B. 4,5,11
Fu.M.B. Schiermonikoog – Fu.M.B. 4,5,11 planned 1 april 1945 ( 21 and 27 )
Fu.M.B. Terschelling – Fu.M.B. 4,5,11 planned 1 april 1945 ( 21 and 27 )
Fu.M.B. Texel Nord – Fu.M.B. 4,5,11 planned 1 april 1945 ( 21 and 27 )
Fu.M.B. Camperduin Fu.M.B. 21 planned 1 april 1945 ( 27 )
Fu.M.B. Velzen Fu.M.B. 21 01-04-1945 planned 1 april 1945 ( 27 )
Fu.M.B. Katwijk Fu.M.B. 21 from 01-04-1945
Fu.M.B. Scheveningen – Fu.M.B. 11,15 under construction 1 april 1945 ( 21 and 27 )
Fu.M.B. Hoek van Holland – Fu.M.B. 4,5,21
Fu.M.B. Goeree - FuMB 11
Fu.M.B. Schouwen - FuMB 4,5
Fu.M.B. Knocke ( Lachs ) J-zug z.b. V. Fu.M.B. 21/27
Fu.M.B. Coxyde ( Hering )
Fu.M.B. Gravelines
Fu.M.B. Blanc Nez ( Zander )
Fu.M.B. Mont Lambert
Fu.M.B. Cap Alprech
Fu.M.B. Camiers
Fu.M.B. Ault in Bau 05-1944
Fu.M.B. Berneval
Fu.M.B. St. Valery ( Walross )
Fu.M.B. Etretat ( Seehund ) 3 x Korfu
Fu.M.B. Cap de la Heve
Fu.M.B. Lonques ( Lanquste ) Fu.M.B. 21
Fu.M.B. St Pierre Eglise ( Forelle )
Fu.M.B. Jobourg (Haifisch ) Fu.M.B. 21
Fu.M.B. Guernsey
Fu.M.B. Paimpol
Fu.M.B. Perros
Fu.M.B. Roscoff
Fu.M.B. Brignogan
Fu.M.B. Menez Hom ( Wolga )
Fu.M.B. Ploumogern ( Donau )
Fu.M.B. Pont Aven
Fu.M.B. Pouzauges ( Elbe )
Fu.M.B. Soulac
Fu.M.B. La Rhune
Fu.M.B. Port Vendres
Fu.M.B. Sete Fu.M.B. 21/27
Fu.M.B. Pomerque
Fu.M.B. St Raphaël
Fu.M.B. Monaco
Fu.M.B. Lividonia Fu.M.B. 21/27 *
Fu.M.B. Falcone Fu.M.B. 21/27 *
Fu.M.B. S. Vincenzo Fu.M.B. 21/27 *
Does anyone understand the exact Fu.M.B. types in each Fu.M.B. post from Alain's list
Also what is the exact type number the combined number 21 or 27 or the seperate numbers 4.5.11
Fu.M.B. Kriegsmarine
Fu.M.B. Wennigstedt/Sylt – Fu.M.B. 4,5,11
Fu.M.B. St. Peter Ording – Fu.M.B. 4,5,11
Fu.M.B. Heligoland – Fu.M.B. 4,5,11 (each twice!)
Fu.M.B. Langeoog – Fu.M.B. 4,5
Fu.M.B. Borkum – Fu.M.B. 4,5,11
Fu.M.B. Schiermonikoog – Fu.M.B. 4,5,11 planned 1 april 1945 ( 21 and 27 )
Fu.M.B. Terschelling – Fu.M.B. 4,5,11 planned 1 april 1945 ( 21 and 27 )
Fu.M.B. Texel Nord – Fu.M.B. 4,5,11 planned 1 april 1945 ( 21 and 27 )
Fu.M.B. Camperduin Fu.M.B. 21 planned 1 april 1945 ( 27 )
Fu.M.B. Velzen Fu.M.B. 21 01-04-1945 planned 1 april 1945 ( 27 )
Fu.M.B. Katwijk Fu.M.B. 21 from 01-04-1945
Fu.M.B. Scheveningen – Fu.M.B. 11,15 under construction 1 april 1945 ( 21 and 27 )
Fu.M.B. Hoek van Holland – Fu.M.B. 4,5,21
Fu.M.B. Goeree - FuMB 11
Fu.M.B. Schouwen - FuMB 4,5
Fu.M.B. Knocke ( Lachs ) J-zug z.b. V. Fu.M.B. 21/27
Fu.M.B. Coxyde ( Hering )
Fu.M.B. Gravelines
Fu.M.B. Blanc Nez ( Zander )
Fu.M.B. Mont Lambert
Fu.M.B. Cap Alprech
Fu.M.B. Camiers
Fu.M.B. Ault in Bau 05-1944
Fu.M.B. Berneval
Fu.M.B. St. Valery ( Walross )
Fu.M.B. Etretat ( Seehund ) 3 x Korfu
Fu.M.B. Cap de la Heve
Fu.M.B. Lonques ( Lanquste ) Fu.M.B. 21
Fu.M.B. St Pierre Eglise ( Forelle )
Fu.M.B. Jobourg (Haifisch ) Fu.M.B. 21
Fu.M.B. Guernsey
Fu.M.B. Paimpol
Fu.M.B. Perros
Fu.M.B. Roscoff
Fu.M.B. Brignogan
Fu.M.B. Menez Hom ( Wolga )
Fu.M.B. Ploumogern ( Donau )
Fu.M.B. Pont Aven
Fu.M.B. Pouzauges ( Elbe )
Fu.M.B. Soulac
Fu.M.B. La Rhune
Fu.M.B. Port Vendres
Fu.M.B. Sete Fu.M.B. 21/27
Fu.M.B. Pomerque
Fu.M.B. St Raphaël
Fu.M.B. Monaco
Fu.M.B. Lividonia Fu.M.B. 21/27 *
Fu.M.B. Falcone Fu.M.B. 21/27 *
Fu.M.B. S. Vincenzo Fu.M.B. 21/27 *
Re: Kriegsmarine Fu.M.B. in the West
For types of FuMB equipment please see:
http://www.gyges.dk/kriegsmarine_signal ... ligenc.htm
bottom of the page
bregds
SES
http://www.gyges.dk/kriegsmarine_signal ... ligenc.htm
bottom of the page
bregds
SES
Re: Kriegsmarine Fu.M.B. in the West
Thanks SES
But as you know the 21 and 27 were a combination of seperate Fu.M.B. , what is the correct the combination number or the seperate numbers ?
Regards Jos
But as you know the 21 and 27 were a combination of seperate Fu.M.B. , what is the correct the combination number or the seperate numbers ?
Regards Jos
-
- Member
- Posts: 280
- Joined: 30 Mar 2013, 14:10
Re: Kriegsmarine Fu.M.B. in the West
Hi Jos!
For your list, here are the "nicknames" of the German posts:
Fu.M.B. Wennigstedt/Sylt (Wicke) - Fu.M.B. 4,5,11
Fu.M.B. St. Peter Ording (Palme) – Fu.M.B. 4,5,11
Fu.M.B. Heligoland (Heidekraut and Hortensie) - Fu.M.B. 4,5,11 (each twice!)
Fu.M.B. Langeoog (Liane) – Fu.M.B. 4,5
Fu.M.B. Borkum (Brombeere) – Fu.M.B. 4,5,11
I found them on the map of SES-page:
http://www.gyges.dk/kriegsmarine_signal ... ligenc.htm
Best wishes
Rolf
For your list, here are the "nicknames" of the German posts:
Fu.M.B. Wennigstedt/Sylt (Wicke) - Fu.M.B. 4,5,11
Fu.M.B. St. Peter Ording (Palme) – Fu.M.B. 4,5,11
Fu.M.B. Heligoland (Heidekraut and Hortensie) - Fu.M.B. 4,5,11 (each twice!)
Fu.M.B. Langeoog (Liane) – Fu.M.B. 4,5
Fu.M.B. Borkum (Brombeere) – Fu.M.B. 4,5,11
I found them on the map of SES-page:
http://www.gyges.dk/kriegsmarine_signal ... ligenc.htm
Best wishes
Rolf
Re: Kriegsmarine Fu.M.B. in the West
Ho Josjopaerya wrote:Thanks SES
But as you know the 21 and 27 were a combination of seperate Fu.M.B. , what is the correct the combination number or the seperate numbers ?
Regards Jos
It is my understanding, that the combination number is the correct designation.
bregds
SES
- der bunkermann
- Member
- Posts: 1591
- Joined: 18 May 2006, 17:27
- Location: stp. gr. scheveningen holland
- Contact:
Re: Kriegsmarine Fu.M.B. in the West
Hi,
Is it known what was FuMB 15?
Off course I'm verder curious about the ons under construction in Scheveningen.
On a high Dune naar the mammut (anton) we found a square foundation of about 2X2 meter.
Is it known what was FuMB 15?
Off course I'm verder curious about the ons under construction in Scheveningen.
On a high Dune naar the mammut (anton) we found a square foundation of about 2X2 meter.
Re: Kriegsmarine Fu.M.B. in the West
Thanks SES
From the one and only Fritz Trenkle ( Die deutschen Funkstörverfahren bis 1945 )
Regards Jos
From the one and only Fritz Trenkle ( Die deutschen Funkstörverfahren bis 1945 )
Regards Jos
-
- Member
- Posts: 173
- Joined: 17 Oct 2016, 19:07
- Location: Netherlands
Re: Kriegsmarine Fu.M.B. in the West
Jos, that is a nice drawing! I have been looking for that book from Trenkle a long time.
Still not founded yet, but perhaps someone could point me in the right direction?
Thanks to everyone else for participating on this topic. If I can contribute on this topic, I will do.
Best regards,
Bertill.
Still not founded yet, but perhaps someone could point me in the right direction?
Thanks to everyone else for participating on this topic. If I can contribute on this topic, I will do.
Best regards,
Bertill.
-
- Member
- Posts: 280
- Joined: 30 Mar 2013, 14:10
Re: Kriegsmarine Fu.M.B. in the West
Hi!
@Chazette
The "Wotan"-names confused me a little bit, because I read about them before
in connection with FuMB. In a booklet about FuMB, I read this:
"FuMB-Schule Le Touquet
Lehrstätte Donau / Wolga"
Now this means to me, the FuMB-school for theory was at Le Touquet and the
posts for practice were at the posts Donau (Ploumoguer) and Wolga (Menez Hom).
FuMB 5 "Fanö" - 0,75-0,2 m = 400-800 MHz (by harmonic conversion also 800-1600 MHz)
FuMB 11 "Korfu 812" - 8-12 cm = 2500-3750 MHz
FuMB 12 "Korfu 1218" - 12-18 cm = 1666-2500 MHz
FuMB 13 "Korfu 68" - 6-8 cm = 3750-5000 MHz
FuMB 14 "Korfu 46" - 4-6 cm = 5000-7500 MHz
FuMB 15 "Korfu 274" - 2,7-4 cm = 7500-11100 MHz
FuMB 17 "Korfu 1720" - 1,7-2,6 cm = 11500-17700 MHz
Source: "Die deutschen Funkstörverfahren bis 1945" by Fritz Trenkle
As you can see, the numbers behind the "Korfu" means the wavelength the Korfu-receiver
was able to receive.
Best wishes
Rolf
@Chazette
The "Wotan"-names confused me a little bit, because I read about them before
in connection with FuMB. In a booklet about FuMB, I read this:
"FuMB-Schule Le Touquet
Lehrstätte Donau / Wolga"
Now this means to me, the FuMB-school for theory was at Le Touquet and the
posts for practice were at the posts Donau (Ploumoguer) and Wolga (Menez Hom).
FuMB 4 "Samos" - 3,3-0,6 m = 90-470 MHzder bunkermann wrote:Is it known what was FuMB 15?
FuMB 5 "Fanö" - 0,75-0,2 m = 400-800 MHz (by harmonic conversion also 800-1600 MHz)
FuMB 11 "Korfu 812" - 8-12 cm = 2500-3750 MHz
FuMB 12 "Korfu 1218" - 12-18 cm = 1666-2500 MHz
FuMB 13 "Korfu 68" - 6-8 cm = 3750-5000 MHz
FuMB 14 "Korfu 46" - 4-6 cm = 5000-7500 MHz
FuMB 15 "Korfu 274" - 2,7-4 cm = 7500-11100 MHz
FuMB 17 "Korfu 1720" - 1,7-2,6 cm = 11500-17700 MHz
Source: "Die deutschen Funkstörverfahren bis 1945" by Fritz Trenkle
As you can see, the numbers behind the "Korfu" means the wavelength the Korfu-receiver
was able to receive.
Best wishes
Rolf
Re: Kriegsmarine Fu.M.B. in the West
Hello Rolf
I agree with Alain the Donau and Wolga were both Fu.M.B. stations , found several data in the KTB of SeeKo Bretagne .
Regards Jos
I agree with Alain the Donau and Wolga were both Fu.M.B. stations , found several data in the KTB of SeeKo Bretagne .
Regards Jos
Re: Kriegsmarine Fu.M.B. in the West
Hi Tim
I don't know if this fits the Fu.M.B. 15 , but here a drawing of a Korfu Peiler from Trenkle .
Regards Jos
I don't know if this fits the Fu.M.B. 15 , but here a drawing of a Korfu Peiler from Trenkle .
Regards Jos
Re: Kriegsmarine Fu.M.B. in the West
Fu.M.B. Kriegsmarine
Fu.M.B. Wennigstedt/Sylt ( Wicke ) Fu.M.B. 4,5,11
Fu.M.B. St. Peter Ording ( Palme ) Fu.M.B. 4,5,11
Fu.M.B. Heligoland ( Heidekraut und Hortensia ) Fu.M.B. 4,5,11 (each twice!)
Fu.M.B. Langeoog ( Liane ) Fu.M.B. 4,5
Fu.M.B. Borkum ( Brombeere ) Fu.M.B. 4,5,11
Fu.M.B. Schiermonikoog ( Schakal ) Fu.M.B. 4,5,11 planned 1 april 1945 ( 21 and 27 )
Fu.M.B. Terschelling ( ? ) Fu.M.B. 4,5,11 planned 1 april 1945 ( 21 and 27 )
Fu.M.B. Texel Nord ( Tapir ) Fu.M.B. 4,5,11 planned 1 april 1945 ( 21 and 27 )
Fu.M.B. Kamperduin ( Katze ) Fu.M.B. 21 planned 1 april 1945 ( 27 )
Fu.M.B. IJmuiden ( Igel ) Fu.M.B. 21 01-04-1945 planned 1 april 1945 ( 27 )
Fu.M.B. Katwijk ( Keiler ) Fu.M.B. 21 01-04-1945
Fu.M.B. Scheveningen ( Schildkröte ) Fu.M.B. 11,15 under construction 1 april 1945 ( 21 and 27 )
Fu.M.B. Hoek van Holland ( Häse ) Fu.M.B. 4,5,21
Fu.M.B. Goeree – Fu.M.B. 11
Fu.M.B. Schouwen – Fu.M.B. 4,5
Fu.M.B. Knocke ( Lachs ) J-zug z.b. V. Fu.M.B. 21/27
Fu.M.B. Coxyde ( Hering )
Fu.M.B. Gravelines
Fu.M.B. Blanc Nez ( Zander )
Fu.M.B. Mont Lambert
Fu.M.B. Cap Alprech
Fu.M.B. Camiers
Fu.M.B. Ault in Bau 05-1944
Fu.M.B. Berneval
Fu.M.B. St. Valery ( Walross )
Fu.M.B. Etretat ( Seehund ) 3 x Korfu
Fu.M.B. Cap de la Heve
Fu.M.B. Lonques ( Lanquste ) Fu.M.B. 21
Fu.M.B. St Pierre Eglise ( Forelle )
Fu.M.B. Jobourg (Haifisch ) Fu.M.B. 21
Fu.M.B. Guernsey
Fu.M.B. Paimpol
Fu.M.B. Perros
Fu.M.B. Roscoff
Fu.M.B. Brignogan
Fu.M.B. Menez Hom ( Wolga )
Fu.M.B. Ploumogern ( Donau )
Fu.M.B. Pont Aven
Fu.M.B. Pouzauges ( Elbe )
Fu.M.B. La Rochelle 1945
Fu.M.B. Soulac
Fu.M.B. La Rhune
Fu.M.B. Port Vendres
Fu.M.B. Sete Fu.M.B. 21/27
Fu.M.B. Pomerque
Fu.M.B. St Raphaël
Fu.M.B. Monaco
Fu.M.B. Cap Noli
Fu.M.B. Nervi
Fu.M.B. Lividonia Fu.M.B. 21/27 *
Fu.M.B. Falcone Fu.M.B. 21/27 *
Fu.M.B. S. Vincenzo Fu.M.B. 21/27 *
Fu.M.B. Punta Maestre
Fu.M.B. Lido
Fu.M.B. Caorle
Fu.M.B. Dignano
Fu.M.B. Wennigstedt/Sylt ( Wicke ) Fu.M.B. 4,5,11
Fu.M.B. St. Peter Ording ( Palme ) Fu.M.B. 4,5,11
Fu.M.B. Heligoland ( Heidekraut und Hortensia ) Fu.M.B. 4,5,11 (each twice!)
Fu.M.B. Langeoog ( Liane ) Fu.M.B. 4,5
Fu.M.B. Borkum ( Brombeere ) Fu.M.B. 4,5,11
Fu.M.B. Schiermonikoog ( Schakal ) Fu.M.B. 4,5,11 planned 1 april 1945 ( 21 and 27 )
Fu.M.B. Terschelling ( ? ) Fu.M.B. 4,5,11 planned 1 april 1945 ( 21 and 27 )
Fu.M.B. Texel Nord ( Tapir ) Fu.M.B. 4,5,11 planned 1 april 1945 ( 21 and 27 )
Fu.M.B. Kamperduin ( Katze ) Fu.M.B. 21 planned 1 april 1945 ( 27 )
Fu.M.B. IJmuiden ( Igel ) Fu.M.B. 21 01-04-1945 planned 1 april 1945 ( 27 )
Fu.M.B. Katwijk ( Keiler ) Fu.M.B. 21 01-04-1945
Fu.M.B. Scheveningen ( Schildkröte ) Fu.M.B. 11,15 under construction 1 april 1945 ( 21 and 27 )
Fu.M.B. Hoek van Holland ( Häse ) Fu.M.B. 4,5,21
Fu.M.B. Goeree – Fu.M.B. 11
Fu.M.B. Schouwen – Fu.M.B. 4,5
Fu.M.B. Knocke ( Lachs ) J-zug z.b. V. Fu.M.B. 21/27
Fu.M.B. Coxyde ( Hering )
Fu.M.B. Gravelines
Fu.M.B. Blanc Nez ( Zander )
Fu.M.B. Mont Lambert
Fu.M.B. Cap Alprech
Fu.M.B. Camiers
Fu.M.B. Ault in Bau 05-1944
Fu.M.B. Berneval
Fu.M.B. St. Valery ( Walross )
Fu.M.B. Etretat ( Seehund ) 3 x Korfu
Fu.M.B. Cap de la Heve
Fu.M.B. Lonques ( Lanquste ) Fu.M.B. 21
Fu.M.B. St Pierre Eglise ( Forelle )
Fu.M.B. Jobourg (Haifisch ) Fu.M.B. 21
Fu.M.B. Guernsey
Fu.M.B. Paimpol
Fu.M.B. Perros
Fu.M.B. Roscoff
Fu.M.B. Brignogan
Fu.M.B. Menez Hom ( Wolga )
Fu.M.B. Ploumogern ( Donau )
Fu.M.B. Pont Aven
Fu.M.B. Pouzauges ( Elbe )
Fu.M.B. La Rochelle 1945
Fu.M.B. Soulac
Fu.M.B. La Rhune
Fu.M.B. Port Vendres
Fu.M.B. Sete Fu.M.B. 21/27
Fu.M.B. Pomerque
Fu.M.B. St Raphaël
Fu.M.B. Monaco
Fu.M.B. Cap Noli
Fu.M.B. Nervi
Fu.M.B. Lividonia Fu.M.B. 21/27 *
Fu.M.B. Falcone Fu.M.B. 21/27 *
Fu.M.B. S. Vincenzo Fu.M.B. 21/27 *
Fu.M.B. Punta Maestre
Fu.M.B. Lido
Fu.M.B. Caorle
Fu.M.B. Dignano
Re: Kriegsmarine Fu.M.B. in the West
Hello
http://www.fortress-books.com/en/catalo ... ng=Trenkle
Regards
Kurt
kstdk
Have you checked here:Bertill622 wrote:Jos, that is a nice drawing! I have been looking for that book from Trenkle a long time.
Still not founded yet, but perhaps someone could point me in the right direction?
Thanks to everyone else for participating on this topic. If I can contribute on this topic, I will do.
Best regards,Bertill.
http://www.fortress-books.com/en/catalo ... ng=Trenkle
Regards
Kurt
kstdk