Soviet Replacement/Reserve Units

[Eric13051966]

How about the tank-replacement system and tank march units?

[thorwald77]

Russian Law Article 354.1/Статья 354.1

Question for members in Russia. Does the government use this law to suppress critics of the official version of the war?

I am in the USA, this is not my concern, however members in Russia should be aware of this.

[Art]

How about the tank-replacement system and tank march units?

Tankfront has some basic info (in Russian):
http://tankfront.ru/ussr/kadri.html

Officers were trained at military schools, NCOs at training regiments (battalions), crews and tanks were mustered at replacement regiments (normally at tank factories) and dispatched with march companies.

[Art]

Several irrelevant posts were removed.

[Yuri]

Russian Law Article 354.1/Статья 354.1

Question for members in Russia. Does the government use this law to suppress critics of the official version of the war?

I am in the USA, this is not my concern, however members in Russia should be aware of this.

You are probably referring to Article 354.1 "Rehabilitation of Nazism" from the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation
(in Russian, Ugolovny Kodeks Rossiyskoy Federacii-abbreviated-UK RF)
This article appeared in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation on May 05, 2014
http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_ ... 2d4bb7598/

At the same time, the last changes to this article were made on April 05, 2021.
http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_ ... #dst100009

As you can see from this
http://xn--90afdbaav0bd1afy6eub5d.xn--p ... ded-search
for the period from 2016 to today, 59 cases have been received in all courts, of which
- 11 cases were sentenced;
- 5 terminated;
- 1 returned to the prosecutor;
- 2 sent by jurisdiction;
- 0 medical measures applied.
the rest were terminated on various grounds, for example, due to the expiration of the statute of limitations; the statute of limitations under the article is small-two years.

[Yuri]

to thorwald77

By the way, from what you write here, it follows that Western propaganda inspires its subjects that there is an official version of the war in the Russian Federation. This is nonsense - there is no official version of the war in the Russian Federation.

[Yuri]

In the Nazi and Soviet case this was alleviated by utilizing forced labour/slaves. One might argue that this is how the Soviets actually survived Barbarossa.

My God, what ignorance!
The conversion of people into slaves, the slave trade and slaveholders is a purely European invention.
The Russians did not have slaves and the slave trade either in the times of the grand dukes, or under the emperors, or in the Soviet Union.
It is reliably known that under the lend-lease, the United Kingdom and the United States also did not supply slaves to the USSR.

In addition, "One might" it is translated into Russian as: "Можно" - "Mozhno".
For such cases, the Russians have a well-known expression: "Mozhno kozu na vozu"="One might a goat on a cart".
As you know, the literal translation of well-known expressions into a foreign language will not be understandable to a foreigner.
Literally, this expression translates as "One might a goat on a cart", but its meaning is that you can do whatever you want, for example, have sex with a goat on a cart, we don't care about it. However, public statements should be proved properly, without any "One might"="Mozhno".
Dear Mr.Stiltzkin, I believe you speak Russian at such a level that you will be able to understand the meaning of the expression.

[Art]

Let's stay on topic. Further deviation, especially into political subjects, will entail response.

[AriX]

How many units the operational part of the Red Army had received during the June-July, 1941 ?
The march replacement for it numbered only 126.000 in July, 1941. It mean that heavy losses of the most divisions weren't replaced in that month.

[Art]

Personnel received by the operational army in the 1st half of 1942:
https://ic.pics.livejournal.com/dr_guil ... 85_600.jpg

Total 5.038.679 men, including:
1.126.696 - with units and formation sent to the front
1.223.417 - from hospitals and replacement units belonging to the operational fronts
2.688.566 - from the zone of interior, including 412.269 from elements directly incorporated by the fronts

[Art]

Situation with replacements as of start of 1945:

To the Deputy People's Commissar for Defense army general comrade N.A. Bulganin,
Deputy Chief of the Red Army’s General Staff army general comrade Antonov

The situation with the accumulation and training of reserves for march replacements continues to be extremely tense. The most critical months will be February-May until the end of training of young recruits born in 1927. The results of the last year show that in average the Glavupraform sent from training and replacement units per month:
a) march replacement to the fronts and for rebuilding formations of the Stavka’s reserve - 192,300 men
b) for manning newly formed and reorganized units and formations - 27,500 men
c) as cadets to military schools - 10,400 men
d) to penal units - 11,700 people
TOTAL: 241,900

In connection with dispatch of a significant number of march replacements in recent months, the replacement units of the districts already at the present time cannot release trained personnel equal to the rate of the last year. Meanwhile, the number of march replacements requested from the Glavupraform in 1945 will be higher than in the last year. In 1944 the fronts had the opportunity to carry out mobilization themselves on the liberated Soviet territory. Total 1,462,400 men were mobilized by the fronts in the liberated territory in last year.
In the future the fronts will be deprived of this opportunity and therefore the requirements for replenishment will increase.
Possibilities to find resources of men liable for military service within the districts are also shrinking.

For the first half of 1945, Glavupraform, in addition to young recruits born in 1927 currently under training, anticipates the following intake of conscripts and military personnel for accumulation of reserves:

1. Over the past six months, in average 34,000 military personnel discharged from hospitals were received monthly, and the number of hospital discharges is decreasing every month. For example, 36,000 men arrived in October, 34,400 men - in November, and 31,200 men in December. Based on that for the first half of 1945, one can expect average monthly arrival of no more than 30,000 military personnel belonging to this group.

2. Over the past six months in average 4,300 military personnel returned from leaves attributed to injury, sickness and physical condition. Moreover, in recent months, the number of people returning from leaves and fit for military service has been also declining. For example, 4,600 men arrived in October and 3,700 in December. For the first half of 1945, no more than 3,000 men this group of military personnel are expected monthly.

3. Replacement of personnel fit for combat service in rear units and establishments of military districts with limitedly fit men made it possible to return to service 7,800 men per months over the past six months. In recent months, the number of arrivals as a result of replacements has been declining. In November, 8,800 people arrived, in December 7,300 - men. For the first half of 1945, the arrival of this group of military personnel is expected as 7,000 men per month.

4. Mobilization of reservists by reexamination of men using deferrals due to physical condition, over the past six months, made it possible to receive in average 107,000 men. However, it should be taken into account that these resources came mainly from mobilization on the liberated territory, and in the future these arrivals will be much smaller. Mobilized in recent months were: in October 123,100 men, in November 79,700 men, in December 87,000 men. For the first half of 1945, we expect arrival of no more than 80,000 mobilized reservists per month.

5. The admission of men liable for military service and losing their right to deferrals over the past six months, provided in average 12,400 men per month, and this number is also declining every month. For example, in October 14,200 men belonging to this group were called for military service, 11,300 men in November and 10,200 men in December.
For the first half of 1945, admission of no more than 10,000 such men per month is expected.

6. Receipt of men liable for military service released from places of detention and convicts sent to the front provided in average of 8,700 men per month, over the past six months. Recently, this group of men has been transferred to industry by decisions of the State Defense Committee. However, we expect that in the first half of 1945 up to 7,000 men per month belonging to this group will be arriving.

Thus, in the first half of 1945 the Glavupraform can count on admission of no more than 137,000-140,000 men from all sources for training of marching replacement. Consequently, comparison of the average monthly march replacement requirements of the fronts with admission of reserves produce a large gap reaching up to 60,000 men of march replacements, and, when new formations and manning of military schools with cadets are considered, up to 100,000 men per month. After completing training of young recruits born in 1927, beginning from June 1945 this gap will be closed by young recruits, but in order to provide replacements to the fronts before that time, for the next four months it is necessary to find additional reserves equal to 200,000-250,000 men. Additional reserves can be found partly within the army by reducing a number of nonessential units and establishments, or by partial release of less skilled workers from industry.

Attempts of the General Staff and the Glavupraform in the last month alone to find free resources within the army do not produce appreciable results. The reductions carried out in the Separate Maritime and 56th Armies released up to 15,000 military personnel.
At the same time, additional formation of six NKVD divisions, new artillery formations and cargo escort teams, require allocation of twice as many men as we managed to obtain by these reductions. Therefore, I am compelled to ask you to raise again before the Government the question of release from industry, as a one-time measure, of 200,000 men liable for military service, reserved in the national economy. As of October 1, 1944, 4,306,000 men liable for military service were reserved in all branches of the national economy, including 1,785,000 men under the age of 35.
The number of reserved men includes:
a) Managers, engineers and technicians, workers of arts and sciences and other personnel with special higher and technical medium education – 644,700 men.
Of them under the age of 35 – 167,600 men
b) Parishioners occupying engineer and technical positions – 264,300 men.
Of them under the age of 35 – 113,000
c) Office employees – 208,300 men.
Of them under the age of 35 – 62,000
d) Workers of 1-3 grades – 231,500 men.
Of them up to the age of 35 – 105,900
e) Workers of 4th and higher grades – 2,194,500 men.
Of them up to the age of 35 – 1,034,000 men.
f) Auxiliary workers – 182,200 men.
Of them up to the age of 35 – 65,500
g) Militarized guard, fire guard and local air defense – 188,500 men.
Of them up to the age of 35 – 67,600
h) Other categories of employees and students of higher, medium and special training institutions – 392,000 men.
Of them up to the age of 35 – 169,400
Therefore, for release of 200,000 men, it will be sufficient to revoke deferrals of workers of the 3rd category and below, workers of auxiliary enterprises and a part of office employees, paramilitary fire guard and the local air defense.

There is another opportunity to obtain additional resources - this is to return from civil employment to the army former prisoners of war and personnel passing examination in the NKVD special camps. At present time, there are up to 100,000 former prisoners of war in NKVD special camps, of which some part can be transferred to the army, which, however, is equivalent to revocation of deferrals, because they are all employed in the industry.

Reporting the above, I ask you to consider this extremely important issue of further provision of march replacements to the fronts.

Head of the Glavupraform,
Colonel general (Smorodinov)

Member of the Military council,
Major general Izotov

From Aleksey Isayev.

[Art]

On the other hand the OBD doesn't include jail sentences which were deferred until the end of the war, among them personnel going to penal units. A pretty large number of sentences were those pronounced in absentia to defectors, they are not displayed on Memorial either.

Some striking examples of sentences in asbentia:
- lieutenant general V.Ya. Kachalov, former commander of the 28 Army was sentenced to death in absentia on 28.9.41. By that moment Kachalov was dead for almost two months, as he was killed in action (unbeknown to the tribunal) on 4 August
- major general I.S. Nikitin, former commander of the 6 Cavlary Corps taken prisoner in July 1941 and sentenced to death in absentia on 23.10.42. In fact he was already dead as he was executed in German captivity in April 1942.

[Vasilyev]

Situation with replacements as of start of 1945:

To the Deputy People's Commissar for Defense army general comrade N.A. Bulganin,
Deputy Chief of the Red Army’s General Staff army general comrade Antonov

The situation with the accumulation and training of reserves for march replacements continues to be extremely tense. The most critical months will be February-May until the end of training of young recruits born in 1927. The results of the last year show that in average the Glavupraform sent from training and replacement units per month:
a) march replacement to the fronts and for rebuilding formations of the Stavka’s reserve - 192,300 men
b) for manning newly formed and reorganized units and formations - 27,500 men
c) as cadets to military schools - 10,400 men
d) to penal units - 11,700 people
TOTAL: 241,900

In connection with dispatch of a significant number of march replacements in recent months, the replacement units of the districts already at the present time cannot release trained personnel equal to the rate of the last year. Meanwhile, the number of march replacements requested from the Glavupraform in 1945 will be higher than in the last year. In 1944 the fronts had the opportunity to carry out mobilization themselves on the liberated Soviet territory. Total 1,462,400 men were mobilized by the fronts in the liberated territory in last year.
In the future the fronts will be deprived of this opportunity and therefore the requirements for replenishment will increase.
Possibilities to find resources of men liable for military service within the districts are also shrinking.

For the first half of 1945, Glavupraform, in addition to young recruits born in 1927 currently under training, anticipates the following intake of conscripts and military personnel for accumulation of reserves:

1. Over the past six months, in average 34,000 military personnel discharged from hospitals were received monthly, and the number of hospital discharges is decreasing every month. For example, 36,000 men arrived in October, 34,400 men - in November, and 31,200 men in December. Based on that for the first half of 1945, one can expect average monthly arrival of no more than 30,000 military personnel belonging to this group.

2. Over the past six months in average 4,300 military personnel returned from leaves attributed to injury, sickness and physical condition. Moreover, in recent months, the number of people returning from leaves and fit for military service has been also declining. For example, 4,600 men arrived in October and 3,700 in December. For the first half of 1945, no more than 3,000 men this group of military personnel are expected monthly.

3. Replacement of personnel fit for combat service in rear units and establishments of military districts with limitedly fit men made it possible to return to service 7,800 men per months over the past six months. In recent months, the number of arrivals as a result of replacements has been declining. In November, 8,800 people arrived, in December 7,300 - men. For the first half of 1945, the arrival of this group of military personnel is expected as 7,000 men per month.

4. Mobilization of reservists by reexamination of men using deferrals due to physical condition, over the past six months, made it possible to receive in average 107,000 men. However, it should be taken into account that these resources came mainly from mobilization on the liberated territory, and in the future these arrivals will be much smaller. Mobilized in recent months were: in October 123,100 men, in November 79,700 men, in December 87,000 men. For the first half of 1945, we expect arrival of no more than 80,000 mobilized reservists per month.

5. The admission of men liable for military service and losing their right to deferrals over the past six months, provided in average 12,400 men per month, and this number is also declining every month. For example, in October 14,200 men belonging to this group were called for military service, 11,300 men in November and 10,200 men in December.
For the first half of 1945, admission of no more than 10,000 such men per month is expected.

6. Receipt of men liable for military service released from places of detention and convicts sent to the front provided in average of 8,700 men per month, over the past six months. Recently, this group of men has been transferred to industry by decisions of the State Defense Committee. However, we expect that in the first half of 1945 up to 7,000 men per month belonging to this group will be arriving.

Thus, in the first half of 1945 the Glavupraform can count on admission of no more than 137,000-140,000 men from all sources for training of marching replacement. Consequently, comparison of the average monthly march replacement requirements of the fronts with admission of reserves produce a large gap reaching up to 60,000 men of march replacements, and, when new formations and manning of military schools with cadets are considered, up to 100,000 men per month. After completing training of young recruits born in 1927, beginning from June 1945 this gap will be closed by young recruits, but in order to provide replacements to the fronts before that time, for the next four months it is necessary to find additional reserves equal to 200,000-250,000 men. Additional reserves can be found partly within the army by reducing a number of nonessential units and establishments, or by partial release of less skilled workers from industry.

Attempts of the General Staff and the Glavupraform in the last month alone to find free resources within the army do not produce appreciable results. The reductions carried out in the Separate Maritime and 56th Armies released up to 15,000 military personnel.
At the same time, additional formation of six NKVD divisions, new artillery formations and cargo escort teams, require allocation of twice as many men as we managed to obtain by these reductions. Therefore, I am compelled to ask you to raise again before the Government the question of release from industry, as a one-time measure, of 200,000 men liable for military service, reserved in the national economy. As of October 1, 1944, 4,306,000 men liable for military service were reserved in all branches of the national economy, including 1,785,000 men under the age of 35.
The number of reserved men includes:
a) Managers, engineers and technicians, workers of arts and sciences and other personnel with special higher and technical medium education – 644,700 men.
Of them under the age of 35 – 167,600 men
b) Parishioners occupying engineer and technical positions – 264,300 men.
Of them under the age of 35 – 113,000
c) Office employees – 208,300 men.
Of them under the age of 35 – 62,000
d) Workers of 1-3 grades – 231,500 men.
Of them up to the age of 35 – 105,900
e) Workers of 4th and higher grades – 2,194,500 men.
Of them up to the age of 35 – 1,034,000 men.
f) Auxiliary workers – 182,200 men.
Of them up to the age of 35 – 65,500
g) Militarized guard, fire guard and local air defense – 188,500 men.
Of them up to the age of 35 – 67,600
h) Other categories of employees and students of higher, medium and special training institutions – 392,000 men.
Of them up to the age of 35 – 169,400
Therefore, for release of 200,000 men, it will be sufficient to revoke deferrals of workers of the 3rd category and below, workers of auxiliary enterprises and a part of office employees, paramilitary fire guard and the local air defense.

There is another opportunity to obtain additional resources - this is to return from civil employment to the army former prisoners of war and personnel passing examination in the NKVD special camps. At present time, there are up to 100,000 former prisoners of war in NKVD special camps, of which some part can be transferred to the army, which, however, is equivalent to revocation of deferrals, because they are all employed in the industry.

Reporting the above, I ask you to consider this extremely important issue of further provision of march replacements to the fronts.

Head of the Glavupraform,
Colonel general (Smorodinov)

Member of the Military council,
Major general Izotov

From Aleksey Isayev.

I’m struggling to find the file Isaev found this in, since it’s contained in another document searching for Glavupraform or by the author on PN doesn’t do any good.

[Art]

I’m struggling to find the file Isaev found this in, since it’s contained in another document searching for Glavupraform or by the author on PN doesn’t do any good.

In the archive (TsaMO RF), I guess. All documents in the PN database belong to the level of front HQ or lower. Files of administrations and other structural units of the People's Commissariat for Defense were not digitized and only available in the physical form in the archive. Files of the Glavupraform form the fund 56 of the TsAMO.

[Art]

Further elaborating on Smorodinov's numbers we arrive to the number of conscripted men in 1944:
- conscripted in the operational army zone - 1,462,400
- reexamined reservists with limited physical fitness - at least 12x107,000 or 1,284,000
- personnel returning from furloughs - at least 12x4,300 = 51,600
- reservists having previous deferments - 12x12,400 = 148,800
- from camps, colonies and prisons - 12x8,700 = 104,400
Total at least 3,050,000. "At least" implies that consription in the 1st half of 1944 was most probably larger than in the 2nd half.
Also conscription of young recruits (1926-1927 y.b.) - 1,156,727 (from Krivosheyev)
Total at least 4,200,000.
Also conscription of returning and repatriated POWs and displaced civilians, conscription for the Navy, NKVD and NKPS forces and paramilitaries, conscription of workforce for the civil economy - ?
Total conscripted in 1944 - 4,646,200 men (Krivosheyev).