Anti-Partisan Badge

[Benjamin Fanjoy]

Here is AP badge that is being offered to me , what do you guys think??

[Raz]

Have you read Bill Stumps excellent write up entitled: "ANTI-PARTISAN WAR BADGE (BANDENKAMPFABZEICHEN) Is It Real?".

It's compulsory reading for anyone wanting to buy a APB. It should compliment nicely your existing stacks of research material on the APB.

[Benjamin Fanjoy]

yes I have that it is great,

Raz,

What do you think of this one I posted above, I like the front but the back??

Regards , Ben

[Richard van Kempen]

i don't like it

the back has something like flash
it's more hollow than semihollow
and i thought the apb"s had other pins

but i'm not the expert (mr WC Stump is )

Richard van Kempen (no expert just student )

[Macmedal]

I agree.

Do not like the metal finish

Obverse lacks detail (from picture that is).

The pin although similar to the needle pin on the APB just does not sit right. The hinge looks too wide and again from pic seems to be made of same metal as badge. Also pin is too long for award.

I would not personally touch it.

[Ken Jasper]

Hey Ben,

I would pass on the one you showed. Take a look at the one that recently sold on relicsofthereic.com. This is an excellent example of what you should be looking for. You could ask Paul to try to find you one like it.

[Benjamin Fanjoy]

Yes Paul Jarvis sold a perfect example, I was going to buy it , bu the day I placed the order it was sold!!

[R. J. Kimmel]

Yes Paul Jarvis sold a perfect example, I was going to buy it , bu the day I placed the order it was sold!!

Benjamin

Does Paul Jarvis have a website or and e-mail address?

RJ

[Ken Jasper]

Richard,
His web address is relicsofthereich.com.

[Benjamin Fanjoy]

For those of you who are interested here is a great article by Bill Stump on the AP badge, I hope you don't mind Bill:

ANTI-PARTISAN WAR BADGE
(BANDENKAMPFABZEICHEN)

Is It Real?

By: W. C. Stump

One of the most interesting and desirable of all combat badges issued by the Third Reich is the Anti-Partisan War Badge. It is also one of the most widely reproduced badge found on today’s collectors market. I just acquired an original gold example from a local W.W.II veteran and found it to be of a different strike than I have ever seen. It is unmarked, but has characteristics of two or more known makers that produced this badge during the brief 15-month period in which it was issued. Therefore, I would like to share the information I have accumulated over my years of collecting combat badges of the Third Reich, as well as that of other noted collectors, and in particular those who have covered the Anti-Partisan War Badge in references that they authored. Hopefully the answer to the question “Is it Real?” will be answered at the conclusion of this article.

Partisan fighters from all the occupied nations controlled by the armies of Nazi Germany immediately struck back at the invading German forces. The military branches of the Wehrmacht immediately engaged them, in turn. In October of 1942 Waffen S. S. Obergruppenfurher von dem Bach-Zelewski took over as Chief of Anti-Partisan Warfare. However, it was not until late January of 1944 that Himmler, Chief of the S. S., instituted a special war badge to recognize the service of the troops engaged in this type of combat. Most all recipients were recognized for their extremely dangerous service combating the partisans and guerrilla fighters, especially in the Balkans and behind the lines on the Eastern Front. The award came in three grades, bronze (for 20 days of active service), silver (for 50 days), and gold, (for 150 days). The awarding of this badge was not restricted only to the Waffen S. S., but the authority for recommendation was delegated down to the OKH, OKL, OKM as well as police leadership. (The Luftwaffe personnel were also eligible to receive this award but the bronze class required 30 operational sorties, 75 sorties to receive the silver class and 150 sorties to receive the gold class. If an enemy aircraft was shot down during a mission, that sortie counted as three.)

To the best of my knowledge the exact number of manufactures and specific types of the Anti-Partisan War Badge are still unknown after over fifty years as well as the number of badges awarded. This is due to the period of manufacture and limited number of the badges being awarded. Compare the number of personnel qualified to be awarded this badge with the number of Luftwaffe Pilots badges produced and awarded; or the Infantry Assault Badges, Tank Assault, or any other combat badges produced and awarded during W. W. II. Hard facts show that this badge was given to only a select few in a theater of the world where many recipients never returned and that the time the badges were issued was extremely short compared to all the other combat badges. Add the S. S. element, the sinister look with the serpents and dagger, and the popularity of collecting these items and logic dictates that one must understand why they are reproduced to the degree that they are today. It’s a simple fact that the demand far outweighs the supply and the greed for the dollar tend to cause the unscrupulous to crank out the reproductions by the hundreds. Each year they produce higher quality reproductions to snare the unwary collector.

I will try to point out the different original types of the Anti-Partisan War Badges that I personally know to exist. I am sure, especially after my latest acquisition; probably more examples or variations lie in some veteran’s souvenir chests just waiting to be discovered by today’s enthusiastic collectors.

I first want to acknowledge five noted collectors and authors and their books on the subject of Third Reich war badges: Ltc. (Ret.) John R. Angolia (For Furher and Fatherland, volume 1, pages 106-108), David Littlejohn and Col. C. M. Dodkins (Orders, Decorations, Medals and Badges of the Third Reich), Page 156, Adrian Foreman (Forman’s Guide to Third Reich German Awards...And Their Values, Second Edition), pages 88 and 89, and Michael F. Tucker (Collecting Military Badges of the Third Reich).

I especially want to acknowledge the information provided to me for so many years by my late friend, Dr. Phil. Kurt-Gerhard Klietmann. His legacy as one of the most knowledgeable authorities on the subject of orders and decorations of the world, and his Institute for the Scientific Research of Orders will live on forever.

The first type of the Anti-Partisan War Badge is attributed to the firm of C. E. Junkers, Berlin. I once owned the badge pictured on page 106 of For Furher and Fatherland, Volume 1. It was a semi-hollow back with a “needle” type pin with cut out serpents. The years have erased my memory as to whether it was marked or not, but I distinctly recall that I showed this badge to Dr. Klietmann and he stated to me that it was of C. E. Junkers manufacture. One important feature that is found on the C. E. Junkers badge that is never observed on any other type is the fang of the serpent on the top left. Its fang is part of the cutout and the head of the serpent doesn’t touch its body that is wrapping around the blade of the sword. The cutout of the fang is more obvious in the flat back variation than in the semi- hollow back. (See copies No. 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, and 9) Another obvious feature is the sword handle appears to be twisted. One extremely rare version was manufactured in aluminum. I have owned one of these very rare badges. C. E. Junkers pioneered the use of aluminum. (The

Another semi-hollow back variation that I have owned was almost identical to the C. E. Junkers badge, but had the number “4” stamped on the pin. This was the identification number used by the firm of Steinhaur & Luck, Ludenscheid. I have no photograph of that badge. However, a near perfect reproduction this type badge bearing the hallmark “4” in the center of a brass, not steel, pin is coming out of Germany. It can be easily identified by looking at the reverse, the thin stamped hollow back, (Note: No Anti-Partisan War Badges were produced with a stamped full hollow back.), the type of pin and catch, and by the type of material it is produced from. Also, the serpents have four cutouts, a mark of all reproductions I have encountered.

The second type is exactly like type one, but with a wide flat pin with L/12 (the war time code for C. E. Junkers, Berlin) stamped on the pin. I inspected a badge of this badge in a collection in England in the early 1970’s. I have also observed the same type badge, but without any markings. Again, note the fang and open mouth of the serpent. (See aforementioned copies)

The third type is of solid construction and had a “needle” type pin and was exactly like the observe of the first and second types. (See copies No. 6 and 8 - typical “needle pin”) Most Anti-Partisan War Badges encountered have the “needle pin”

The fourth type is exactly like the third, but had a flat pin and neither the third or fourth types were marked as to the maker. (See copy No. 2)

The fifth types are badges manufactured by other manufactures. It seems that competition still flourished as the war was coming to an end and various manufactures produced the Anti-Partisan War Badge. I had an example of the Anti-Partisan badge manufactured by the firm of Robert Hauschild, Pforzheim, who used the LDO number L/56 and is the only manufacture to use four cut-outs on the serpents. See page 106 of For Furher and Fatherland, Volume 1, for a picture of the badge I once owned. (See copy No. 6) Also make note that a new reproduction of this type of badge, produced in all three classes, has recently entered the country from Austria and Germany (See copy No. 11) as well as a cast copy also being offered from Germany. (See copy No. 12)

The sixth type is badges identical to type number five, but have no markings. I think that more than one manufacture produced this type of badge. I base this on the fact that minor details in the die strikes indicate that different dies were used. Considering the relatively short time that these badges were produced it is highly unlikely that a particular firm would have two dies for the same badge. Both the “Junkers”, Hauschild and my newly acquired variation have a long slender hilt on the sword. I have noticed that in other examples the hilt is larger and fuller in the center. (See page 156 of Orders, Decorations, Medals and Badges of the Third Reich.) (See copy No. 3)

The seventh type is the rarest of all Anti-Partisan War Badges and was produced by the firm of C. E. Junkers, Berlin. They are covered in detail by Adrian Foreman on page 88 of his book, Foreman’s Guide to Third Reich German Awards... And Their Values, 2nd Edition. These badges were the Deluxe Special Grade 111 in gold and awarded only four times by H. Himmler on the 15th of February 1945. (See page 108 of For Fuhrer and Fatherland for a picture of one of the presentation documents for this badge.) The badges were custom made, convex, heavy gold plated tombak with blue steel finish on the sword blade and finely cut-out serpents. To my knowledge, only one example exists today and it is in a private collection in England. (No photo available)

The eighth type was the Special grade of the Anti-Partisan War Badge in Gold and Diamonds 1944-45. Forman states on page 89 of his book Foreman’s Guide to Third Reich German Awards.... And Their Values, 2nd edition that twenty examples in silver-gilt with diamonds were produced, but never awarded. I have never seen an example of this type. (No photo available)

The above is a lot for anyone to try and remember when encountering an Anti-Partisan badge for the first time and don’t know what to look for to determine if it is real or fake. Therefore, here are some valuable things to look for that will help to avoid making a mistake and to answer the question “Is it real?”

1. Observe the type of material of which the badge was produced. If it is made of any other material other than tombak, kriegsmetal, and in the extremely rare case if aluminum, chances are that it is a reproduction. However, this alone doesn’t make the badge original wartime produced. Some reproductions are being made of similar looking material.

2. Check the back of the badge, especially the pin and catch. Look how it is affixed to the badge. Observe the type of pin and catch. Since all Anti-Partisan badges were produced in either tombak or kriegsmetal, affixing a pin and catch on this type of late war material was different than employed on other materials used earlier in the war. Michael J. Tucker covers this procedure quite well on page 44 of his book. The “C” type catch was affixed to a separate metal plate prior to the two parts being affixed to the badge. If one encounters an Anti-Partisan War Badge with the “C” catch soldered directly to the back of the badge is can safely be considered to be a reproduction. (See copy No. 2, 6, and 99% of all original badges have steel pins and are affixed directly to the badge without employing a steel plate. However, some manufactures produced the pins of bronze or other metals other than of steel.

I would like to discuss the three different materials used during the late war years and of what they were composed. Also I want to point out what one should look for in determining the difference between them.

Tombak is an Alloy of copper, zinc, and tin. The color appears to be that of bronze. This type of material was used in many badges after 1943. The firm of C. E. Junkers used tombak for a brief period for their Anti-Partisan War Badges, but kriegsmetal was used most.

Britannia is an Alloy of antimony and copper. Often called “white metal”. One of the characteristics of this metal is that one can buff or polish it, thus giving it an appearance of nickel silver. This metal was used ever increasingly from middle 1942, with a peak use in 1943, until the end of the war. I have never encountered an Anti-Partisan War Badge produced in britannia, but it is possible that some were.

Kriegsmetal is an alloy of zinc, lead and copper. This metal was used very late in the war and the color was dark gray, almost looking like lead. Copper was a scarce commodity and its use was limited in badges after 1943. The percentage of lead and zinc compared to the copper content were greater in kriegsmetal giving it the look of lead. Dipping or “washing” as the last process of production applied the various finishes. After only very little use the badges quickly lost their finish and appeared to be made of lead. I have had badges made of kriegsmetal stored in display cases where the “washed” finish oxidized and faded and fell off at the touch. I always avoided these badges when I could get an early war produced example. I am not alone in avoiding or adding a kriegsmetal badge to my collection. Many other collectors avoid these badges, often considering them to be fake. However, many of the rarest badges of this period, particularly the Anti-Partisan War Badges, were constructed of the above described metal. It is important to take note and remember this as I continue.

Michael F. Tucker’s new book deals with how to detect if a badge is original or reproduction. His book, Collecting Military Badges of the Third Reich, should be a part of every collector’s reference library today. I have read his book and in my opinion it one of the best on the market dealing with detecting original badges from reproductions. While I am a firm believer that no single source is 100% correct in it’s content, I would have to give Mr. Tucker 95% for his efforts. I suggest that one refer to the chapters dealing with types of materials, pins and catches in his book.

The pin and catch on an original Anti-partisan War Badge MUST conform to the manner the manufactures used at the time to affix the pins and catches to both tombak and kriegsmetal badges.

We are now back to the haunting question: Is it real? If you acquire an item from a veteran, knowledgeable collector, or reputable dealer who will give a “life time” guarantee, you start out with a 99% chance the items is original. However, know your source as the most important advice I can offer. I’ve encountered hundreds of “veterans” who “personally took” post war combat badges off a dead enemy soldier or POW. Other stories are “my father, uncle or brother” brought this rare, but fake, badge back from the “Great World War Two.” It used to be in the 1950’s and 1960’s that a collector had three criteria that he followed when adding items to his collection. First, he looked at the condition, next the price, and originality was last. I have noticed today that the first thing a collectors asks himself “Is it real?” Then he looks the condition and the price is at the end of the list.

I am afraid that by the end of the next decade, a beginning collector will have to turn to Scotland Yard, the F. B. I., and the best forensic laboratories that can be found to determine what is real and what is fake. Hopefully, I will be wrong, but the quest for the all mighty dollar and man’s inherent greed seems to overshadow the quest to keep the past alive by searching for that original elusive war relic from the past. It also keeps us all reaching for the provable “brass ring” on the merry-go-around of war relic collecting. In conclusion, I know my source for my latest find and I can lie down with a worry free mind that it absolutely original in every way. But, when my Anti-Partisan War Badge next passes into another collectors hands, will he have to ask “Is it real”? Probably so because that is the most important question that a collector must ask himself as he prepares to inter into the collecting arena of the new millennium.
PHOTO REFERENCE
Refer to the appropriate aforementioned references for clear detailed photograph.


THE DIE STRUCK ZINC BADGE LATER IDENTIFIED AS A C. E. JUNKER EARLY BADGE.

[Benjamin Fanjoy]

Here is another great article:

By Eric Johansson, Archivist
During its years of struggle to obtain control or hegemony over the world, Germany produced many beautiful and magnificent war badges, most of them, as can be seen in previous articles, clearly attributed to a well known artist or production firm. By and large these are very attractive badges featuring war vessels, tanks, eagles, infantry weapons and the like. They are beautifully sculpted and reflect a high form of military war art.
Unfortunately, this cannot be said of the Anti-Partisan War Badge, known in German as ‘der Bandenkampfabzeichen.’ Perhaps the very brutality of the unique warfare which this badge honors may hold some key to its macabre and bizarre configuration!
Following the Occupation of Western Russia and the Balkans, the brutality of German ‘administration’ raised a viper’s nest of partisans who often operated with their national forces or as ‘independents,’ all engaged in destroying German supplies, disrupting troop movements, assassinating pro-German politicians and generally creating havoc for the occupiers.
The Germans returned the savagery of these attacks and soon were engaged in ‘unofficial’ wars where no Geneva conventions were respected, few prisoners were taken and those that did fall into the hands of the foe were brutally tortured and murdered. Partisans returned the ‘favors’ and it took hardy soldiers or civilians on both sides to continue this brutal, unconventional war.
There were many badges to honor combatants but Heinrich Himmler, Reichsfuehrer-SS, desired a special war badge to recognize outstanding performance in this most terrible of wars. On January 30, 1944 Hitler approved such a badge, noting that it should be given out for bravery and also achievement in the eradication of partisan bands.
The rules pertaining to issuance of the award were very broad, considering that the ‘unofficial’ war had brought together elements of the SS, Army, Air Force, Navy and even irregular military units in the countries involved in such fighting.
In order to avoid a complete breakdown in the command issuing the badge, it was decided that the highest organs of the SS, Army, Air Force and Navy would be responsible for approval of the badge to their forces operating in partisan theatres of operation. The badge was also available to pro-German national forces occupied with anti-partisan warfare and, to broaden the field, it could be issued to all ranks—officers, NCOs and enlisted personnel.
The badge was to be issued in three grades—gold, silver and bronze. To qualify for it, ground personnel of whatever branch had to fight for 20, 50 or 100 days against enemy irregular forces. Air Force flying personnel would be qualified after flying 30, 75 and 150 missions aimed at suppressing partisan targets. Should an aircraft be shot down during such operations, this would count for 3 missions (I am sure this would be a comfort to a downed pilot facing capture by partisans!).
In addition to the regular grades, Dr. Klietmann and LTC. John R. Angolia (ret.) mention that a special grade of the badge was conceived. This was to be in silver gilt, set with diamond chips. Dr. Klietmann notes that 20 examples of this badge were produced at the end of 1944 but none has ever surfaced and there are no records of any being issued.
Himmler was so pleased with the new badge that he expressed the desire to personally give out the gold grade to those who qualified for it.
The first company to produce the badge was that of Fa. C.E. Juncker of Berlin; after the factory was compromised by severe bombing, other companies continued production but this ironically created two versions of the war badge, a thing that is definitely uncommon. Fortunately, both versions were period made and only a perfectionist would actually find any ‘fault’ between the two.
The C.E. Juncker version has the heads of the serpents in distinct silhouette; the second version has the oak leaves in the oak wreath being larger than pattern A; in addition the sun-wheel on the ricasso of the sword has a slight variant angle as does the skull.
One should note that the size variants also exist for patterns A and B. They are given here for the benefit of study and prevention of purchase of reproductions.
Type A: 58mm tall
49mm wide
42.4 gr. weight
Type B: 59.2mm tall
50mm wide
61.9 gr. weight
Copies of the badge were produced by the RS Souval firm according to Dr. Klietmann. They are 58.5mm tall and 49.2mm wide. Sometimes they bear the RS hallmark or ‘L/58.’ Because the badge was issued so late in the war, it is more than probable that the base metal is zinc as the Germans were certainly no longer using tombak or brass at that late date. Anti-partisan badges made of brass or tombak would be highly suspect.
The badge itself displays an oval wreath with a grinning skull set at the base, resting on femur bones. Above the skull there is an inverted Viking sword, which plunges down into a hydra’s nest, impaling a large hydra. On the ricasso of the sword, below the wrapped handle and plain guard, there appears a sun-wheel swastika, angled slightly. The whole badge is one color without reference to any separation of gilt or silver such as is seen on other war badges.
The inclusion of the skull may well be attributed to Himmler’s invention as the skull personified SS personnel. The hydras certainly are bizarre and though, in terms of heraldry, they reflect on the demonic nature of the foe, they are a macabre adornment to a military badge. Robin Lumsden contends that the original design for the badge sprang from the insignia of the Silesian Freikorps of 1919.
Himmler was undoubtedly pleased that the first four recipients of the badge in gold were members of the Waffen SS: they received the 3rd class Gold badge on 15 Feb. 1945 for operations in the coastal areas of the Adriatic theatre of operations. The party newspaper, ‘VOELKISCHER BEOBACHTER,’ gleefully reported this in the Berlin-Munich edition of Feb. 21, 1945; it was also echoed in the pages of the ‘DAS 12 UHR BLATT’ on the same date.
The badge was worn on the left breast, below the Iron Cross 1st class, if that had also been won. Its close proximity to one of Germany’s most esteemed badges of military valor gives the reader some idea of the esteem also granted to the anti-partisan badge.
In its role as an official ‘combat’ badge, the anti-partisan badge was resuscitated in 1957 by the West German government and reissued, this time without the swastika or skull, to those who had won it in the Second World War. It proudly stood among the other ‘correct’ badges that were recognized by post-war Germany as being honorable and not tainted by the Party or SS.
Regardless of its past, the badge certainly reflects on an almost psychotic compulsion with death (the skull), violence (the sword) and utter evil (the hydras). Perhaps, silently, it says more about the true nature of guerrilla war than any words could ever form….
Certainly it is a favorite badge for Third Reich collectors to seek after, bringing as it does, $600 or more in sales and this for the lowest issue, in bronze!
In closing, I would like to relate, in paraphrase, a story that Lumsden offers to illustrate the ‘popularity’ of this odd badge. Non-SS personnel who wore it were not very public about it, according to him; many times though authorized to wear the insignia they disdained to wear it on their uniforms for fear of the odium that would be associated with the brutal battles against partisans. On the other hand, SS personnel liked it very much and frequently gave it primacy in the order of their decorations, feeling that this was ‘their’ badge.
A late war soft cover, large format publication, “Der Lohn der Tat” (The Reward of Deeds), published for the Hitler Youth, illustrates the Anti-Partisan badge as one of the most prestigious, rewarded for safeguarding the occupied areas of captured countries. Interestingly enough, the accompanying illustration to the badge shows grenadiers surprising two Russian partisans, one armed with a captured 98K Mauser rifle and the other with a Soviet PPSH-41 submachine gun.
References:
Angolia, LTC. John R. FOR FUHRER AND FATHERLAND: MILITARY AWARDS OF THE THIRDREICH.
“Der Lohn der Tat.” 1944.
Klietmann, Dr. Kurt-Gerhard. DEUTSCHE AUSZEICHNUNGEN.
Littlejohn, David & Col. C.M. Dodkins. ORDERS, DECORATIONS, MEDALS AND BADGES OF THE THIRD REICH.
Lumsden, Robin. “The German Guerrilla Warfare Badge, 1944.” MILITARY ILLUSTRATED. Nov. 1993, 12-14.
Note: A special ‘tip of the hat’ to Bryan Bowerman, advanced badge collector, for sharing a great deal of information with this writer.
……………..
Illustration: Auction 211, I-20015. Photo courtesy: Manion’s International Auction House. Inc.

[Macmedal]

Hmmm Ben

I thought that the general consensus of opinion was that this badge was fake.

Yet it seems that you are selling it on ebay as an original no mention that it is repro??

http://cgi.ebay.ca/ws/eBayISAPI.dll?Vie ... 2130944561

[Benjamin Fanjoy]

Nick wrote:

Hmmm Ben

I thought that the general consensus of opinion was that this badge was fake.
Yet it seems that you are selling it on ebay as an original no mention that it is repro??
http://cgi.ebay.ca/ws/eBayISAPI.dll?Vie ... 2130944561

Nick,

Thank you for pointing out this error.

It is my partner's auction(Item #2130944561), and I have notified him of this error. Until he removes it, I will not link to that auction on my site until it is removed.



Regards,

Benjamin Fanjoy

[Benjamin Fanjoy]

Here is another example

[Benjamin Fanjoy]

..