Memorandum on RKKA's operational plan, May 1941

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Art
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Memorandum on RKKA's operational plan, May 1941

#1

Post by Art » 28 Mar 2008, 18:49

The document was mentioned in a number of threads, however, as far as I can see no full text in English is available. Below is my translation of a Russian text (published in "1941.Documents" Vol. 2), please be indulgent to the flaws of translation.
Memorandum of the People’s Commissar for Defense and Chief of the Red Army’s Staff to the Chairman of the People’s Commissars’ Council J.V. Stalin with the considerations on the plan for strategic deployment of the USSR Armed Forces in case of war against Germany and her allies.

I report for your examination the considerations on a plan for strategic deployment of the Soviet Union’s armed forces in case of war against Germany and her allies.

1. At the present time Germany {according to the Intelligence Administration’s of the Red Army data} has about 230 infantry, 20 tank, 20 motorized, 8 airborne and 4 cavalry divisions, total about 284 divisions.
Of them at the border with the Soviet Union on 15.05.41 were concentrated: 86 infantry, 13 tank, 12 motorized, 1 cavalry and total up to 114 divisions.
It is supposed that under present day political conditions Germany in case of attack on the USSR will be able to deploy against us 137 infantry, 19 tank, 15 motorized, 4 cavalry and 5 airborne divisions, and total up to 180 divisions.
The remaining 104 divisions will be {in the center of the country in reserve 22 infantry, 1 cavalry, 1 tank, 1 airborne, total 25 divisions; in Denmark, Netherlands, Belgium, France - 40 infantry, 2 cavalry, 1 tank, 2 airborne, total 45 divisions; Yugoslavia – 7 infantry, total 7 divisions; Greece – 7 infantry, 1 cavalry, total – 8 divisions; Bulgaria – 3 infantry, total 3 divisions; Africa – 5 infantry, 1 cavalry, 1 tank, total 7 divisions; Norway – 9 infantry, total 9 divisions; total 93 infantry, 5 cavalry, 3 tank, 3 airborne divisions; in sum 104 divisions}[in the center of the country, at the western borders, in Norway, Africa, Greece and Italy].

Most probably the main forces of the German Army comprising 76 infantry, 11 tank, 8 motorized, 2 cavalry, and 5 airborne and total up to 100 divisions will be deployed south of Deblin in order to deliver a blow along the direction Kowel-Rovno-Kiev.
This blow will be obviously accompanied by a blow from Eastern Prussia toward Vilna and Riga, and short concentric blows from Suwalki and Brest toward Volkovysk.
On the south one should expect blows [simultaneous with the German army start of offensive of Romanian Army supported by German divisions toward Zhmerinka. The possibility of supplementary blow by Germans from behind the San river toward Lvov is not excluded.] { a) In the Zhmerinka direction – Romanian army supported by German divisions, b) in the direction Munkach-Lvov, c) Sanok-Lvov.}

The probable allies of Germany will be able to deploy against the USSR: Finland – up to 20 divisions, Hungary – 15 divisions, Romania – 25 divisions. In all Germany with allies will be able to deploy against the USSR up to 240 divisions.
Taking into account that Germany has her army mobilized and with developed rear services, she has an opportunity to forestall us in deployment and deliver a sudden blow.

In order to prevent this [and defeat the German Army], I find it necessary to give in no case an initiative to the German command, forestall the enemy and attack the German army when it will be in the process of deployment and will not have yet organized its front and cooperation of different branches.

II. The first strategic goal of Red Army’s operations must be defined as follows – to defeat the German forces deployed south of Deblin and to reach by the 30th day of operations the line Ostroleka - Narew river – Lovicz – Lodz – Kreuzeburg – Oppeln – Olomouc. {The further strategic goal must be defined as to defeat the strong forces of the center and northern wing of the German Front by advance from Katovice area to the north and north-west and to seize the territory of former Poland and Eastern Prussia.
The nearest task is to defeat the German Army east of Vistula and on the Krakow direction, reach Narew and Vistula rivers and seize the region of Katovice }, for this
a) the main blow by the forces of the South-West Front must be delivered in the direction Krakow-Katovice, cutting off Germany from her southern allies.
b) the supplementary blow by the forces of the West Front must be delivered in the direction Siedlce, Deblin with the objective to hold the Warsaw group and assist the South-West Front in defeating the Lublin group.
c) Active defense must be conducted against Finland, Eastern Prussia, Hungary and Romania and one must be ready to deliver a blow against Romania under favorable conditions.
{Thus the Red Army will begin an offensive from the front Chizhov, Motoviska with 152 divisions against 100 German. On other sectors of the front active defense is contemplated.}

III. Based on the plan of strategic deployment given above, the following grouping of the USSR Armed Forces is contemplated:

1. Ground forces of the Red Army having 198 rifle, 61 tank, 31 motorized, 13 cavalry (total 303 divisions and 74 GHQ reserve artillery regiments) are distributed in the following way:
a) The main forces comprising 163 rifle divisions, 58 tank divisions, 30 motorized and 7 cavalry (total 258) and 53 GHQ Reserve artillery regiments must be held in the West, of them in the North, North-West, West and South-West Fronts – 136 rifle, 44 tank, 23 motorized, 7 cavalry divisions (total 210) and 53 reserve artillery regiments; in the Chief Command’s reserve behind the South-West and West fronts – 27 rifle, 14 tank, 7 motorized divisions (total 48).
b) The remaining forces comprising 35 rifle, 3 tank, 1 motorized, 6 cavalry divisions (total 45) and 21 reserve artillery regiments are allocated for the defense of far-eastern, southern and northern borders of the USSR, of them in the Far East and Transbaikal Military District – 22 rifle, 3 tank, 1 motorized and 1 cavalry divisions (total 27) and 14 reserve artillery regiments;
- in Central Asia 2 mountain rifle and 3 cavalry divisions (total 5 divisions);
- in Transcaucasian region – 8 rifle and 2 cavalry divisions (total 10 divisions) and 2 reserve artillery regiments;
- for the defense of the Black Sea coast of Crimea and Caucasus – 2 rifle divisions;
- on the coast of White Sea – 1 rifle divisions;
The detailed grouping of forces is shown on the attached map.

2. Red Army Air Forces having at the present time as existing and battle-ready 97 fighter, 75 short-range bomber, 11 ground-attack, 29 long-range bomber and 6 heavy bomber regiments (total 218) are distributed in the following way:
a) The main forces having 66 fighter, 64 short-range bomber, 5 ground-attack, 25 long-range bomber and 5 heavy bomber regiments are deployed on the West, of them
- in the North, North-West, West and South-West Fronts – 63 fighter, 64 short-range bomber, 5 ground-attack, 11 long-range bomber and 1 heavy bomber regiments – total 144 regiments;
- in the Chief Command’s reserve behind the West and South-West Fronts 14 long-range bomber and 4 heavy bomber regiments – total 21 regiments;
b) the remaining forces having 51 fighter, 11 short-range bomber, 6 ground-attack, 4 long-range bomber and 1 heavy bomber – total 53 regiments must be left for the defense of far-eastern, southern and northern borders and antiaircraft defense of Moscow, of them:
- in the Far East and in Transbaikal Military District – 14 fighter, 9 short-range bomber, 5 ground-attack, 4 long-range bomber and 1 heavy bomber – total 33 regiments;
- in the Central Asian Military District – 1 fighter and 1 ground-attack, total 2 regiments;
- in the Transcaucasian Military District – 9 fighter, 2 short-range bomber, total 11 regiments;
- in the Arkhangelsk Military Districts – 1 fighter regiments;
- For the defense of Moscow – 6 fighter regiments.
The detailed grouping is shown on the attached map.

Apart from aforementioned forces we have at the present time in the process of formation and not yet battle-ready 52 fighter, 30 short-range bomber, 4 ground-attack, 7 long-range and 22 twin-engine fighter, total 115 regiments, the full battle-readiness of which should be counted on by 1.1.42.
These regiments must be allocated in the following way after they become battle-ready:
- will be allocated to the West 41 fighter, 31 short-range bomber, 4 ground-attack, 5 long-range bomber, 14 twin-engine fighter, total 94 regiments, of them:
- in the fronts – 41 fighter, 33 short-range bomber, 4 ground-attack, 7 long range bomber, 4 twin-engine fighter regiments, total 87;
- In the Chief Command’s reserve - 4 fighter, 4 long-range bomber, total 7 regiments;
- Will be left in The Far East Front and Transbaikal Military District - 10, and in Transcaucasian Military District – 6 regiments;
- For defense of Moscow – 5 fighter regiments;
Expected time of going into service of these regiments - according to the tables on the map.

IV. Composition and tasks of the fronts deployed in the West (map 1:1000.000).
North Front (Leningrad Military District) – 3 armies comprising 15 rifle, 4 tank, 2 motorized divisions, and total 21 divisions, 18 regiments of aviation and the North Fleet, with the principal tasks – the defense of Leningrad, Murmansk port, Kirov railway and securing in cooperation with Baltic Fleet our full control of the waters of Finnish Gulf. With the same task the handover of defense of north and north-west coast of the Estonian SSR from the Baltic Special Military District is contemplated.
Borderline from left – Ostashkov, Ostrov, Vyru, Viliandi, excluding Esel and Dago islands.
The staff of the front – in Pargolovo.

The North-West Front (Baltic Special Military District) – 3 armies comprising 17 rifle (of them 6 national), 4 tank, 2 motorized and total 23 divisions and 13 aviation regiments, with the task to cover Riga and Vilno directions with stubborn defense preventing enemy invasion from Eastern Prussia and to prevent enemy sea landing by defense of the west coast and Esel and Dago islands.
The left borderline – Polotzk, Oshmyany, Druskeniki, Margerabova, Letzen. The staff of the front - in Ponevezh.

The West Front (West Special Military District) – 4 armies comprising 31 rifle, 8 tank, 4 motorized, 2 cavalry and total 45 divisions and 21 aviation regiments.
The tasks – to cover Lida and Belostok directions by stubborn defense on the front Druskeniki-Ostrolenka.
After the South-West Front go into offensive {to defeat Warsaw group and take Warsaw}, [to assist in defeating by]{to defeat in cooperation with }the South-West Front the enemy Lublin-Radom group by a blow of the left wing of the front toward {Warsaw}, Siedlce, Lublin, {to reach Vistula river and seize Radom with mobile troops}[and cover this operation from Warsaw and Eastern Prussia].
The left borderline – Pripyat river, Pinsk, Vlodava, Lublin, Radom.
The staff of the front – in Baranovichy.

The South-West Front – 8 armies, comprising 74 rifle, 28 tank, 15 motorized and 5 cavalry divisions, and total 121 divisions and 91 aviation regiments with the nearest objectives:
a) to encircle and destroy the main enemy group east of Vistula in Lublin area by a concentric blow by the left wing of the front;
b) at the same time to defeat enemy forces on the Krakow and Sandomir-Kielce directions by the blow from the front Senyava, Przemysl, Lyutoviska and to seize the region Krakow, Katovice, Kielce bearing in mind an offensive from this region to the north to the north or north-west directions in order to defeat strong forces of the enemy left wing of and to seize the territory of Poland and Eastern Prussia;
c) To defend firmly border with Hungary and Romania and be ready to deliver concentric blows against Romania from the areas Chernovitzy and Kishinev with the nearest objective to defeat the northern wing of Romanian Army and to reach the line Moldova river, Yassy;

In order to ensure the fulfillment of the plan described above one have to take in advance the following measures essential for delivering a surprise blow against enemy both on the ground and in the air.
1. To carry out hidden mobilization of troops under the guise of training call-up.
2. to carry out hidden concentration closer to the west border under the guise of moving to camps, first of all the armies of the Chief Command’s reserve must be concentrated.
3. to concentrate secretly airforces from distant districts to temporary airfields and to begin right now to mobilize aiforces’ rear services.
4. to mobilize gradually under the guise of training call-up and exercises rear services and hospital base.

V. The grouping of the Chief Command’s reserves.
The Chief Command’s reserve must include 5 armies concentrated:
- 2 armies comprising 9 rifle, 4 tank, 2 motorized, total 15 divisions in the area Vyazma, Sychevka, Yelna, Bryansk, Sukhinichy;
- one army consisting of 4 rifle, 2 tank, 2 motorized, total 8 divisions in the area Vileika, Novogrudok, Minsk;
- one army consisting of 6 rifle, 4 tank, 2 motorized, total 12 divisions in the area Shepetovka, Proskurov, Berdichev;
- one army consisting of 8 rifle, 2 tank, 2 motorized, total 12 divisions in the area Belaya Tzerkov’, Zvenigorodka, Cherkassy;

VI. Covering concentration and deployment.
In order to secure oneself from a possible surprise enemy blow, to cover concentration and deployment of our troops and their preparations for offensive, it’s needed to:
1. Organize firm defense and cover of the state border using for that all the forces of the border districts and almost all the air units earmarked for deployment in the West.
2. Develop a detailed plan of antiaircraft defense and render ready antiaircraft means.
I have given orders on these issues and development of the plans of defense of the border and antiaircraft defense will be completed by 1.06.41.
{At the same time one has to speed up by all means construction and armament of existing fortified regions, to begin the construction of fortified regions along Hungarian border in 1942 and to continue construction of fortified regions along the old border.}
The composition and grouping of covering forces - according to the attached map.

VII. The tasks of the Navy will be posed according to my reports previously approved by you.
VIII. Mobilization of troops and combat operations are supplied from existing stocks:
In ammunition – small caliber for three weeks;
medium caliber - for a month;
heavy calibers – for a month;
mortar rounds – for a half of month;
37-mm AA shells – for 5 days;
76-mm - for one and a half months;
85-mm – for 11 days;
In high explosive air bombs – for a month;
armor-piercing – for 10 days;
concrete-piercing – for 10 days;
incendiary – for a half of month;
in fuel and lubricants B-78 gasoline – for 10 days;
B-74 gasoline – for a month;
B-70 gasoline – for 2,5 months;
Automotive fuel – for 1,5 months;
Diesel fuel – for a month;
The stockpiles of fuel earmarked for western districts are held in large amounts (due to lack of capacity) in interior districts.

IX. I ask:
1. To approve the submitted plan for strategic deployment of the USSR Armed Forces and the plan of contemplated actions in case of war against Germany;
2. To authorize timely the conduct of successive hidden mobilization and hidden concentration first of all of the armies of the Chief Command’s reserve;
3. To demand from the People’s Commissariat for Transport Communications fully and timely construction of railroads according to the plan of 1941 especially on the Lvov direction;
4. To oblige the industry to carry out the plan of tanks and aircrafts production and also of fuel and ammunition production and deliveries in accordance with projected deadlines.
{To approve the proposal on construction of new fortified regions.}

Attachments:
1. The scheme of deployment on the map 1: 1000.000 in one copy.
2. The scheme of covering of deployment on three maps.
3. The scheme of forces ratio in one copy.
4. Three maps of airforces deployment on the West.

Signatures:
The People’s Commissar for Defense of the USSR Marshal of the USSR S. Timoshenko.
The Chief of the Red Army General Staff army general G. Zhukov.
The document doesn't have any date, the usual dating (15th May) is based on the fact that it contains data from a report on German forces' distribution between different theatres issued by the Intelligence Department of the General Staff on that day. The signatures are absent though there is a place alloted for them. Some correction were instroduced in the original text, the deleted part are shown in [square brackets], the newly written {in figure bracket}. A lot of geographicals names are given in the old pre-revolutional style, I corrected the names of geographical objects situated outside the USSR in 1941. Neither of appendicies was published. These map can be used for visualisation of the tasks of the West and the South-West fronts (source: Mikhalev, "Military strategy"):
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Art
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Re: Memorandum on RKKA's operational plan, May 1941

#2

Post by Art » 01 Apr 2008, 15:23

Let it be here too:
Memorandum on deployment of the USSR Armed Forces in case of war in the West.

13th June 1941

In all the USSR has 303 divisions: rifle – 198, tank – 61, motorized – 31, cavalry – 13, corps artillery regiments – 94, GHQ reserve artillery regiments -74, airborne corps – 5, antitank brigades -10.
For the deployment at the western border are allocated:
In fronts (without units in Crimea) 186 divisions, of them rifle – 120, tank - 40, motorized – 20, cavalry – 6, reserve artillery regiments – 53, antitank brigades – 10, airborne corps – 5.
The North Front – 22 divisions, of them rifle – 16, tank – 4, motorized -2 and 1 separate rifle brigade.
The North-West Front – 23 divisions, of them rifle – 17, tank – 4, motorized – 2 and 1 separate rifle brigade.
The West Front – 44 divisions, of them rifle - 24, tank - 12, motorized - 6, cavalry – 2.
The South-West Front – 97 divisions, of them rifle – 63, tank – 20, motorized – 10, cavalry – 4 (without units in Crimea).
In the South-West Front are included:
- From the Kiev Special Military District – 58 divisions, of them rifle – 32, tank -16, motorized – 8, cavalry – 2;
- Odessa Military District (without units in Crimea) – 19 divisions, of them rifle – 11, tank – 4, motorized – 2, cavalry – 2;
- Volga Military District – rifle divisions – 7;
- Kharkov Military District – rifle divisions – 7;
- Orel Military District – rifle divisions – 6;

Armies of the Chief Command’s reserve
22nd Army (Ural Military District) – behind the West Front. Total 9 divisions, of them 6 rifle, 2 tank, 1 motorized. Included in the 22nd Army are all divisions from the Ural Military District and 21st Mechanized Corps from the Moscow Military District.
16th Army (Transbaikal Military District) – behind the South-West Front. Total 12 divisions, of them 8 rifle, 3 tank, 1 motorized. Included in the Army are:
- 6 divisions from the Transbaikal Military District, 3 tank, 1 motorized, 2 rifle;
- 1 division from the Orel Military District (217th Rifle);
- 5 divisions from the Moscow Military District (41st Rifle Corps – 118th, 235th, 144th Rifle Divisions; 20th Rifle Corps – 160th, 137th Rifle Divisions);
19th Army (North-Caucasian Military District) – behind the South-West Front. Total 11 divisions, of them rifle – 8, tank – 2, motorized – 1.
- five rifle divisions from the North-Caucasian Military District;
- 3 rifle, 2 tank and 1 motorized divisions from the Kharkov Military District.
Total at the western border 218 divisions, of them rifle – 142, tank – 47, motorized – 23, cavalry – 6, airborne corps – 5.

Central armies of the Chief Command’s reserve.
28th Army (Arkhangelsk Military District) – north-west of Moscow. Total 8 divisions, of them 5 rifle, 2 tank, 1 motorized. In the army are included:
- three rifle divisions from the Moscow Military District (69th Rifle Corps – 73rd, 229th, 233rd Rifle Divisions);
- 7th Mechanized Corps from the Moscow MD (14th and 18th Tank Divisions, 1st Motorized Division);
- one rifle division from the Leningrad Military District (177th);
- one rifle division from the Arkhangelsk Military District (111th);
24th Army (HQs from the Siberian Military District) – south-west of Moscow. Total 11 divisions, of them 8 rifle, 2 tank, 1 motorized. Included in the army are:
- all six rifle divisions from the Siberian Military District;
- two rifle divisions from the Moscow Military District (62nd Rifle Corps – 110th, 172nd Rifle Divisions);
- 23rd Mechanized Corps from the Orel Military District (48th, 51st Tank, 220 Motorized Divisions).
Total in the two central reserve armies 19 divisions, of them rifle – 13, tank – 4, motorized – 2.
Total in the West together with the central armies of the Chief Command’s reserve 237 divisions, of them rifle – 155, tank – 51, motorized – 25, cavalry – 6, airborne corps – 5, antitank brigades – 10, reserve artillery regiments – 55, separate rifle brigades – 2.

At other (secondary) sectors of the border
Total 66 divisions, of them rifle – 43, tank – 10, motorized – 6, cavalry – 7 and separate rifle brigades – 1, motor-mechanized brigades – 2. These forces are distributed in the following way:
Arkhangelsk Military District – 1 rifle division;
Crimea – 3 divisions, of them 2 rifle and 1 cavalry;
North-Caucasus Military District – 1 rifle division on the Black Sea coast;
Transcaucasian and North-Caucasusian Military Districts – 20 divisions, of them rifle – 12, tank – 4, motorized – 2, cavalry – 2;
Central Asian Military District – 10 divisions, of them rifle – 4, tank – 2, motorized – 1, cavalry – 3;
Transbaikal Military District – 8 divisions, of them rifle – 4, motorized rifle – 2, tank – 1, motorized – 1 and 1 motor-mechanized brigade;
Far East Front – 23 divisions, of them rifle – 17, tank -3, motorized – 2, cavalry – 1 and separate rifle brigade – 1.

Under such distribution of forces it is needed to additionally plan transport by rail
From the Siberian MD to the area Sukhinichy – Bryansk - rifle divisions - 6 and rifle corps HQs – 2;
From the Moscow MD to the Kiev Special MD - 5 rifle divisions and 2 rifle corps HQs;
From the Orel MD to the Kiev Special MD – rifle divisions – 7, rifle corps HQs – 2 and army HQs - 1;
From the Kharkov MD to the Kiev Special MD – rifle divisions – 7, rifle corps HQs – 2, army HQs – 1;
From the Kharkov MD to the area of Belaya Tzerkov’ – one mechanized corps, tank divisions -2, motorized division -1;
From the Arkhangelsk Military District to the area of Rzhev – rifle divisions – 1, army HQs – 1;
Total 33 divisions of them, rifle - 30, tank – 2, motorized -1, rifle corps HQs – 9, army HQs – 4, totaling 1300 railway trains plus rear services and support units – about 400 railway trains, total – 1700 trains.
These transfers will take 13 days on the basis of 130 trains per day.
Combat units can be transferred in 10 days.

II. Airforces
Total battle-ready aviation regiments 218, of them fighter – 97, short-range bomber – 75, ground-attack – 11, long-range bomber – 29 and heavy bomber – 6.
These forces are distributed in the following way.
North Front – 18;
North-West Front -13;
West Front – 21;
South-West Front – 85;
In the Chief Command’s reserve – 29;
The remaining 69 aviation regiments will be on other sectors, of them the Arkhangelsk MD – 2, te Transcaucasian MD - 13, Central Asian MD – 5, Far Eastern Front – 26, the Transbaikal MD – 7, defense of Moscow – 6.

III. Distribution of forces by armies in the West and South-West Fronts.
The West Front:
3A – 8 divisions, of them rifle – 5, tank – 2, motorized – 1;
10A – rifle divisions -5;
13A – 11 divisions, of them rifle – 5, tank – 2, motorized – 1, cavalry – 2;
4A – 12 divisions, of them: rifle – 6, tank – 4, motorized – 2;
Reserve of the front – 8 divisions, of them rifle – 2, tank – 4, motorized – 2.
The South West Front:
5A – 15 divisions, of them rifle – 9, tank – 4, motorized – 2;
20A – rifle divisions – 7;
6A – 16 divisions, of them rifle – 10, tank – 4, motorized – 2;
26A – 15 divisions, of them rifle – 9, tank - 4, motorized – 2;
21A – 13 divisions, of them rifle – 8, tank – 2, motorized -1, cavalry – 2;
12A – rifle divisions -4;
18A – 8 divisions, of them rifle – 5, tank – 2, motorized – 1;
9A – 12 divisions, of them rifle – 7, tank – 2, motorized – 1, cavalry – 2;
Reserve of the front – 7 divisions, of them rifle – 4, tank – 2, motorized – 1.

In favorable situation 17 divisions can be additionally allocated to the West (rifle – 7, tank -7, motorized - 4); North-Caucasian MD – divisions 5 (rifle- 2, tank -2, motorized -1); Transcaucasus MD – 5 divisions (rifle – 2, tank – 2, motorized – 1); Central-Asian MD – 5 divisions (rifle - 2, tank – 2, motorized – 1), Leningrad MD – 2 divisions (rifle -1, motorized – 1). The transfer of these divisions requires 600 railway trains.

The Deputy Chief of the Red Army General Staff N. Vatutin.


Kanadon
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Posts: 153
Joined: 16 Oct 2008, 02:49

Zhukov's plan for pre-emptive strike (document)

#3

Post by Kanadon » 19 Mar 2010, 15:17

Thanks to Сергей ст from militera.borda.ru.

http://militera.borda.ru/?1-3-40-000011 ... 1264010477

Hopefully someone has the time and patience to translate it.

Art
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Location: Moscow, Russia

Re: Zhukov's plan for pre-emptive strike (document)

#4

Post by Art » 19 Mar 2010, 15:48

I translated the document in the form as it is published in "1941.Documents":
Chekunov's variants seems to be more detailed.

Kanadon
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Posts: 153
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Re: Zhukov's plan for pre-emptive strike (document)

#5

Post by Kanadon » 19 Mar 2010, 16:20

Great. Maybe it would be beneficial to merge the topics or just delete this one and post the link in yours?

Art
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Posts: 7028
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Location: Moscow, Russia

Re: Zhukov's plan for pre-emptive strike (document)

#6

Post by Art » 19 Mar 2010, 17:05

Two threads are merged.

Art
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Posts: 7028
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Re: Memorandum on RKKA's operational plan, May 1941

#7

Post by Art » 01 Mar 2015, 11:00

Scans of the original document:
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Courtesy of mil.ru. Watermarks are added by the publisher.

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