NS-Frauenschaft Gaufrauenschaftsführerin

[Heimatschuss]

Hello Grisu,

I don't have Rademacher's book anymore (returned via inter-library loan) but I still remember proof-reading all names copied from there. That of course doesn't mean they are 100% reliable.

Just take the name of the next Styrian Gaufrauenschaftsleiterin on the list, Ada Punital. I tried to google her but there is no such family name in Austria or Germany. On the other hand when you look for Ada Smital, the name from the list of Phil Nix, a copy of the Völkischer Beobachter is indicated.

Another dubious case is 'W. Terboveit' Rademacher provides for Gau Osthannover in 1937. Presumably a wrong spelling of 'W. Terboven'. If these are errors of Rademacher himself or if they already occured in the NSDAP address books I can't say.

I think in this case 'Mayer' is most likely the correct spelling. Footnote 77 of Ursula Mindler's article shows Mindler had a look into the files of the state attorney in Graz where it says 'Mayer'. That's a source pretty trustworthy to me.

Best regards
Torsten

[Grisu]

Torsten, I've checked Rademacher's Handbuch der NSDAP-Gaue (Vechta 2000) again, and it's indeed not *Meyer (as on your list here), but Karla Mayer (Rademacher, p. 368).

As for some other dubious cases, I fully agree. For Styria, for example, Rademacher lists the head of the Amt für Volksgesundheit as "Dr. Franz Riedl", and the head of the Rassenpolitisches Amt as "Dr. Franz Riedel" - the former version is correct, it's the same person anyway. But as you correctly say, these errors may not even be Rademacher's, but may be source-related.

[Heimatschuss]

Hello Grisu,

many thanks for the correction. One day when we compile a new list from all the entries here it will be very useful. Any bit counts.

Best regards
Torsten

[Halfdan S.]

Hi Torsten and others,

I'm interested in Anna Kottenhoff (Dammer) as she is the last Reichs-Referentin of the ANSt I can find the name of - Torsten, you mention that she resigned her posts late 1942 - do you know who succeded her in this position?

Regards
Halfdan S.

[Heimatschuss]

Hello Halfdan,

unfortunately I don't know anything about Kottenhoff's successor. I'll keep your request in mind though, perhaps something pops up here or there.

Best regards
Torsten

[Heimatschuss]

Hello,

here's another photo of Else Muhr-Jordan, the Gaufrauenschaftsleiterin of Vienna, where she's just opening a christmas bazar in Dec. 1939
Source: http://www.bildarchivaustria.at/
Pic No.: #352226
They have several more pictures of her there but this one is the best IMHO.

Best regards
Torsten

[Heimatschuss]

Hello,

some minor additions to the list of Phil :



According to Asche et al. (1992, p.335) development in Gau Baden was as follows:

Baden:
1931 - 1934 Gertrud Scholtz-Klink
1934 - 1936 Helene Bögli
1936 - 1945 Elsa von Baltz

No idea yet how to fit in Hildegard Erley, the Baden Gaufrauenschaftsleiterin mentioned by Anette Michel (2007).

Thea Luck who's listed as Gaufrauenschaftsleiterin for Baden and later Bayerische Ostmark is actually the same as Thea Friedel. After marriage with Karl Bock, a later Knight's Cross winner and SS Brigadeführer (http://forum.axishistory.com/viewtopic. ... 72#p408372) she changed her name to Thea Bock-Friedel. She was appointed to Gaufrauenschaftsleiterin already in June 1932 (Stephenson, 1981, p.72). Her correct first name seems to have been Therese (Lochmüller, 1940, p.369; Kühnel, 1985, p.354), shortend to 'Thea' because which was a fashion name at the time.

Bayerische Ostmark (since 1942 Bayreuth):
06/1932 - 05/1945 Therese 'Thea' (Bock-) Friedel

References:

Asche, Susanne; Guttmann, Barbara; Hochstrasser, Olivia
Karlsruher Frauen 1715-1945. Eine Stadtgeschichte
Veröffentlichungen des Karlsruher Stadtarchivs; Vol. 15
Badenia-Verlag (now Verlag Regionalkultur), 1992

Kühnel, Franz
Hans Schemm. Gauleiter und Kultusminister (1891 - 1935).
Stadtarchiv Nürnberg; Nuremberg; 1985

Lochmüller, Benedikt
Hans Schemm
Vol. 2: 1920 - 1935
Deutscher Volksverlag; Bayreuth, Munich; 1940

Michel, Anette
>>Führerinnen>> im Dritten Reich. Die Gaufrauenschaftsleiterinnen der NSDAP.
In:
Steinbacher, S. (Ed.); Volksgenossinnen. Frauen in der NS-Volksgemeinschaft.; Beiträge zur Geschichte des Nationalsozialismus Vol.23; Wallstein Verlag; Göttingen; 2007; pp.115-137

Stephenson, Jill
The Nazi Organisation of Women.
Barnes & Noble Books; Totowa; 1981


Best regards
Torsten

[Heimatschuss]

Hello,

found an internet confirmation for Dr. Erley:
http://tinyurl.com/434mauc
http://tinyurl.com/4yjtdh2
http://tinyurl.com/3h2z4ub

In einem kurzen Festakt erfolgte im Beisein der Reichsfrauenführerin Scholtz-Klink und des
Gauleiters Robert Wagner, des Chefs der Zivilverwaltung im Elsaß, die Einführung der neuen
Gaufrauenschaftsleiterin Frau Dr. Erley als Nachfolgerin der um den Aufbau der Frauenschaft
im Elsaß verdienten Frau von Baltz, die aus Gesundheitsgründen aus ihrem Amt scheidet.

Google Books says this text is from Berndt & von Wedel (1943, p.129) but that must be an error. The 'Deutschland im Kampf' booklets from 1941 till 1944 are all available online here http://reichsarchiv.com/Buecher/01_Bis_ ... -Kampf.php . There's nothing like the text quoted above in Vol. 81/82 or any other volume.

What Google Books actually did scan appears to be a collection of various smaller NSDAP publications from January 1943 including that month's edition of 'Deutschland im Kampf'. That the passage about von Baltz and Erley is from the same month is indicated by the subsequent mentioning of Hitler's decree on the unification of the civilian ambulance service. That very decree was published in the Reichsgesetzblatt of Jan. 20th, 1943 (http://tinyurl.com/4ya6jev)

So the revised, improved and amended list of Baden Gaufrauenschaftsleiterinnen now goes like this:

1931 - 1934 Gertrud Scholtz-Klink
1934 - 1936 Helene Bögli
1936 - 1943 Elsa von Baltz
1943 - 1945 Dr. Hildegard Erley

References:

Berndt, Alfred Ingemar; von Wedel, Hasso (Eds.)
Deutschland im Kampf
Ausgaben 81-82
Verlag Otto Stollberg; Berlin; 1943

Best regards
Torsten

[Heimatschuss]

Hello,

now on to another Gau, the NSDAP-Auslandsorganisation. There I've found two more Gaufrauenschaftsleiterinnen not on the lists so far.

From Buddrus (2003, p.1135):

Gertrude Dörfler(-Gauerke) [according to other sources Gertrude (Gauerke-)Dörfler]
after 2nd marriage in 1943 Gertrude Kowarik

born April 15th, 1913 in Vienna
profession: gardener

attends primary and lower secondary school
attends a horticulture college for 3 years
gardener apprentice for 2 years
09/1931 - 03/1932 draughtswoman for a garden architekt in Vienna
03/1932 - 10/1934 clerk for a gardening company in Ludwigslust/Mecklenburg
1927/28 participation in the Wandervogel youth movement
1928 - 06/1933 particpation in the youth groups 'Deutsche Freischar' (bündisch youth movement, rather liberal) and 'Freischar Junge Nation' (bündisch youth movement, rather nationalist and pan-germanic)
08/1933 co-founder of the BDM group in Ludwigslust
NSDAP member since Nov. 9th, 1933, (NSDAP No. 3.520.280)
since 10/1933 organisation of Jungmädel work in Ludwigslust
since 10/1934 professional Jungmädel-Untergauführerin working for Obergau Mecklenburg
since 06/1935 Jungmädelführerin in Obergau Westmark
since 08/1936 Jungmädelführerin in Obergau Bayerische Ostmark
04/1938 promoted to Gauführerin
since 01/1939 special envoy of the Reichsjugendführung in BDM-Obergau Vienna
10/1939 - 06/42 Gauführerin and acting Führerin of BDM-Obergau Vienna
05/1942 divorced [no other info on her 1st marriage]
06/1942 released from Hitler Youth but remains z.V.-Führerin of Reichsjugendführung
06/1942 - 03/1943 Gaufrauenschaftsleiterin of NSDAP Auslandsorganisation in Berlin
03/1943 marriage with Karl Kowarik (Hitler Youth Gaubannführer of Vienna), later 1 child
For Kowarik look http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Kowarik


From Buddrus (2003, p.1193):

Ingeborg Niekerke

born Nov. 12th, 1915 in Hamburg
profession: clerk
not married

06/1933 joins Hitler Youth
10/1934 - 05/1935 clerk in Hamburg
05/1935 - 02/1942 Führerin of Untergau Eimsbüttel in Obergau Hamburg
NSDAP member since May 1st, 1937, (NSDAP No.3.986.853 )
11/1938 promoted to Jungmädel-Gauführerin
03/1937 - 01/1940 Jungmädel-Beauftragte of Obergau Hamburg
[unclear gap in CV, perhaps typo 12/1940 insead of 02/1940?]
since 12/1940 Gauführerin and acting Führerin of Obergau Danzig-Westpreußen
since 04/1941 Gauführerin and regular Führerin of Obergau Danzig-Westpreußen
11/1942 promoted to Gebietsmädelführerin
04/1943 relieved of her position as Führerin of Obergau Danzig-Westpreußen but remains z.V.-Führerin of Reichsjugendführung
since 05/1943 Gaufrauenschaftsleiterin of NSDAP Auslandsorganisation in Berlin


References:

Buddrus, Michael
Totale Erziehung für den totalen Krieg, Vol.2
K.G. Saur Verlag; Munich; 2003

Best regards
Torsten

[Heimatschuss]

Hello,

had a look into the internet again today for Gaufrauenschaftsleiterinnen and OOOOPS! anotherone came to light! This time it's Gaufrauenschaftsleiterin Lotte Witte from Gau Magdeburg-Anhalt.

Gaufrauenschaftsleiterin Lotte Witte.jpg

Source: http://collections.yadvashem.org/photos ... 729110.jpg

Best regards
Torsten

[Matt Gibbs]

Nice one Torsten. Thats another nice photo of badge in wear.

[Heimatschuss]

Hi,

I've two pictures of Maria Meyer now, the Hamburg Gaufrauenschaftsleiterin from 1930 - 1936

Gaufrauenschaftsleiterin Maria Meyer 1935.jpg

Source: http://tinyurl.com/6aeh4jl
i.e. Hamburger Anzeiger of May 21, 1935

Gaufrauenschaftsleiterin Maria Meyer 1936.jpg

Source: http://tinyurl.com/6klkafv
i.e. Hamburger Fremdenblatt of Jan 15, 1936

The succession of Gaufrauenschaftsleiterinnen in Hamburg now looks like this

???? - 1930 Else Gloy (Deutscher Frauenorden) [1]
1930 - Oct 31, 1930 Maria Meyer (Deutscher Frauenorden) [2]
Oct 31, 1930 - Jan 1933 Maria Meyer (NS-Frauenschaft) [2]
Jan 1933 - May 1, 1935 Martha Warnecke [3][4], deputy Maria Meyer [2]
May 1, 1935 - Dec 1, 1936 Maria Meyer [2], deputy Else Gloy [5]
Dec 1, 1936 - 1939(?) Maria Warnholtz [2]
1939(?) - 1945(?) Maria Schmidt [6][7]

[1] Arendt et al. (1995, pp.327)
[2] Hamburger Tageblatt of Dec. 2, 1936 (http://tinyurl.com/3qmrx2b)
[3] Zolling (1986, p.143, p.199)
[4] Overlack (2007, p. 224)
[5] Hamburger Anzeiger of May 8, 1935 (http://tinyurl.com/6goqey4)
[6] Rademacher (2000, p.74)
[7] http://forum.axishistory.com/viewtopic. ... 29#p982929

Martha Warnecke became Hauptabteilungsleiterin in the Reichsfrauenführung in 1936.

Maria Warnholtz and Maria Schmidt may be the same person. 'Maria' is a typical Catholic first name while Hamburg and its surroundings are Protestant areas. Finding three different 'Marias' there looks highly unlikely. Warnholtz was a bachelorette according to [2] so may have changed her family name by marriage later.

References:

Arendt, Hans Jürgen; Hering, Sabine; Wagner, Leonie (Eds.)
Nationalsozialistische Frauenpolitik vor 1933. Dokumentation
dipa Verlag; Frankfurt am Main; 1995

Overlack, Victoria
Zwischen nationalem Aufbruch und Nischenexistenz. Evangelisches Leben in Hamburg 1933-1945
Dölling und Galitz Verlag; Munich; 2007

Rademacher, Michael
Handbuch der NSDAP-Gaue 1928-1945.
Die Amtsträger der NSDAP und ihrer Organisationen auf Gau- und Kreisebene
Books on Demand c/o Lingenbrink GmbH, Hamburg, 2000

Zolling, Peter
Zwischen Integration und Segregation.
Sozialpolitik im "Dritten Reich" am Beispiel der "Nationalsozialistischen Volkswohlfahrt" (NSV) in Hamburg
Verlag P. Lang; Frankfurt/Main; 1986


Best regards
Torsten

[Heimatschuss]

Hello,

the change from Elsa von Baltz to Dr. Hildegard Erley in Gau Baden was on Jan. 9th, 1943.

Source:
Freiburger Zeitung
160. Jahrgang, No.11, 1943; Jan 11th, 1943, p.2
http://tinyurl.com/86fzd3h

Best regards
Torsten

[Matt Gibbs]

Good bit of digging there! Always good to fix an exact date.

[Heimatschuss]

Hello,

after finding additional bits and pieces on Gaufrauenschaftsleiterinnen (GFLs) here and there I'd like to share them with you:

Gau Tirol-Vorarlberg
--------------------
According to Parteli et al. (1970, p.1149) Tony Nachtmann was Gaufrauenschaftsleiterin from 1934 till 1941. Her full first name seems to have been Antonia (Albrich, 2006, p.48).

But when we believe the following local newspaper article from May 1938:

Feierstunde der Innsbrucker Mütter
Dank an den Führer – Geborgen im Schoße Großdeutschlands

Kühl und dämmerdunkel wirkt der große Stadtsaal, als Sonntag vormittags viele hundert Frauen aus dem sonnenstrahlenden Maienmorgen in den festlich geschmückten Raum strömen. Es sind Mütter aus unserer Stadt, zu einer Feierstunde eingeladen, die sie alle ehren soll. Da kommen grauhaarige Frauen in feierlichem Schwarz, junge Frauen im frisch gebügelten Waschkleid, vielfach kleine, zum Sonntag besonders sorgfältig und sauber angezogene Kinder an der Hand, das Jüngste wohl gar auf dem Arm, und füllen in bunter Reihe den weiten Saal […].

Das Städtische Orchester unter Leitung von Musikdirektor [Max] Köhlers spielt die Freischütz-Ouvertüre. Der Zauber der Melodik dieses ewig jungen Werkes Carl Maria von Webers zwingt die Zuhörerinnen in Bann, erfreut das musikalisch geschulte Ohr ebenso wie das schlichte Gemüt. Dann sprechen Hitlerjungen und Mädchen einen Bekenntnisspruch zu Deutschland, ihrer großen Allmutter […].

Gaufrauenschaftsführerin Dr. Ostheimer begrüßte die Mütter der Stadt Innsbruck und erinnerte an die Worte unseres Führers: „In meinem Staate ist die Mutter die wichtigste Staatsbürgerin“ […].

Die Festrede Frau Dr. Ostheimers klang in den Dank an die Mutter unseres Führers Adolf Hitler aus.
[…]

Source: Innsbrucker Nachrichten of Mai 16th, 1938, p.7 quoted at
http://www.musikland-tirol.at/ARGE-NS-Z ... tages.html

the then (provisional?) Gaufrauenschaftsleiterin in Gau Tirol-Vorarlberg was the wife of one Dr. Ostheimer.

In all likelyhood this refers to actress Luzie Ostheimer (nee Rysing), she was the wife of Dr.med. Siegfried Ostheimer (1891-1949), the Gaukulturwart of the NSDAP in Tirol-Vorarlberg. He'd earned himself a reputation already in the 1920s with vitriolic comments on the arts scene of then Vienna in the regional press (Holzner et. al, 1997, p.443).
Another article from Innsbrucker Nachrichten (Straffner, 1940) has Luzie Ostheimer as Gauabteilungsleiterin
(department head in Gau administration). Gauabteilungsleiterin was the administrative level just below Gaufrauenschaftsleiterin so obviously she really played an important role in the NS-Frauenschaft.

It seems possible that there were two (Nachtmann and Ostheimer) or even more GFLs in Gau Tirol-Vorarlberg simultaneously during 1934 - 1938. Since the NSDAP in Austria was subject to political persecution after their failed coup in 1934 it wasn't uncommon to staff key positions twice or thrice so party work would continue even if one of the functionaries was arrested.

For the years 1938 to 1941 Tony Nachtmann features as GFL Tirol-Vorarlberg in the NSDAP address books (Rademacher, 2000, p.375). She held the office till her death on May 9th, 1941 (N.N., 1941a).

Tony Nachtmann.jpg

The theory that Nachtmann was Gaufrauenschaftleiterin just since the Anschluß in 1938 is corroborated by newspspaper articles after her death saying she was appointed GFL by Gauleiter Hofer in 1938. For more information on her read the CV below.

Nachtmann was succeeded as GFL by her own sister (Köfler & Forcher, 1986, p.186). According to the lists of GFLs in Fillies-Kirmsse (1941, p.129) and in Ley (1942, p.223) it was Edith Seidel who became Gaufrauenschaftsleiterin in 1941.

Later there must have been another change. When South Tyrol was more or less annexed to North Tyrol after the collapse of Italy in late 1943, Aleida Kynass (or Kynaß) had taken over the role of GFL (Parteli et al., 1970, p.1149; Rathkolb et al., 1988, p.436; Wedekind, 2003, p.237). Since both 'Aleida' and 'Kynass' are ultra-rare names in Germany
(Austria included) this must have been the wife of one high school teacher Dr.phil. Fritz Kynass. His personell file is here http://bbf.dipf.de/kataloge/archivdaten ... 66-0370-01
Kynass, Aleida (nee Schöler)
* Mar 15th, 1908 in Posen
Marriage with Dr.phil. Fritz Kynass on April 18th, 1935.


CV for Tony Nachtmann
---------------------
Nachtmann, Antonia (Tony), nee (Payr?)
* Feb 14th, 1898, Vienna
+ May 9th, 1941, Innsbruck

profession: (pharmacologist?)

Tony Nachtmann was the daughter of a forestry official and grew up in Tyrol (Kufstein and Innsbruck). She joined the NSDAP in 1932 and was a very active supporter of the party during its struggle with Austro-fascism 1933 - 1938. She was married with NSKK-Obersturmführer Herbert Nachtmann, the couple had three children. Her husband was (at least in 1941) Gauführer of the DDAC (Der Deutsche Automobil-Club = General German Automobile Club*)
(Herbert Nachtmann also appears to have held a masters degree in pharmacology and worked in the Innsbruck University clinic?) (N.N., 1941a, 1941b, 1941c; Grossmann & Innerebner, 1984, p.152)

*) During Third Reich all automobile clubs in Germany were amalgamated into the DDAC.

?) Details marked '?' come from Grossmann & Innerebner (1984, p.152) and are a bit insecure. With the scarcity of the
family name 'Nachtmann' in Tyrol it's highly likely the couple Herbert and Antonia Nachtmann in Grossmann & Innerebner are the same as above but it's not entirely proven.


References:

Albrich, Thomas
Gauleiter Franz Hofer und die "braune Elite" des Gaues Tirol-Vorarlberg im Visier der Nachkriegsjustiz.
in:
Thomas Vormbaum (Hrsg.)
Juristische Zeitgeschichte, Jahrbuch Band 8 (2006/2007)
Institut für Juristische Zeitgeschichte; Hagen; 2007, pp.26-74

Fillies-Kirmsse, Erika
Deutsches Frauenschaffen im Kriege. Jahrbuch der Reichsfrauenführung
Westfalen Verlag; Dortmund; 1941

Grossmann, Waldemer; Innerebner,Georg
Die Innerebner. Ein altes Sarner Geschlecht. Teil 2
Universitäts-Verlag Wagner; Innsbruck; 1984
http://tinyurl.com/ae5ym2h

Holzner, Johann; Puzer, Oskar; Siller, Max
Literatur und Sprachkultur in Tirol.
Institut für Germanistik; Innsbruck University; Innsbruck; 1997

Köfler, Gretl; Forcher, Michael
Die Frau in der Geschichte Tirols.
Haymon Verlag; Innsbruck; 1986

Ley, Robert (Hrsg.)
Nationalsozialistisches Jahrbuch 1942
Eher Verlag; München; 1942

N.N. (1941a)
Gaufrauenschaftsleiterin Pgn. Tony Nachtmann gestorben.
Vorarlberger Tagblatt of May 12th, 1941; 24.Jahrgang, Folge 110; p.2
http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno? ... =2&zoom=33

N.N. (1941b)
Pgn. Tony Nachtmann
Vorarlberger Tagblatt of May 13th, 1941; 24.Jahrgang, Folge 111; p.5
http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno? ... =5&zoom=33

N.N. (1941c)
Abschied von Gaufrauenschaftsleiterin Pgn. Tony Nachtmann.
Vorarlberger Tagblatt of May 14th, 1941; 24.Jahrgang, Folge 112; p.6
http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno? ... =6&zoom=33

Parteli, Othmar; Fontana, Josef; Riedmann, Josef
Geschichte des Landes Tirol - Band 4,2: Das Bundesland Tirol (1918 bis 1970)
Verlags-Anstalt Athesia; Bozen; 1970

Rademacher, Michael
Handbuch der NSDAP-Gaue 1928-1945.
Die Amtsträger der NSDAP und ihrer Organisationen auf Gau- und Kreisebene.
Books on demand c/o Lingenbrink GmbH, Hamburg, 2000

Rathkolb, Oliver; Duchkowitsch, Wolfgang; Hausjell, Fritz
Die veruntreute Wahrheit. Hitlers Propagandisten in Österreich '38
Verlag O. Müller; Salzburg; 1988

Straffner, Ehrentraud
Volksmusik und Laienspiel.
Innsbrucker Nachrichten of Feb. 16th, 1940, p.4
http://www.musikland-tirol.at/ARGE-NS-Z ... -zeit.html

Wedekind, Michael
Nationalsozialistische Besatzungs- und Annexionspolitik in Norditalien 1943 bis 1945.
Oldenbourg Verlag; München; 2003