Her Official Homepage...She is a Chinese American raised in an affluent family and attended the The Chapin School as well as the Sorbonne in Paris. She graduated from Sarah Lawrence College with a degree in art history. Her mother often took her to fashion shows in Paris. Her father started and owned a chemical company. Her paternal grandfather was a military general in China. Her maternal grandfather was a warlord in China...
Chinese summary of this article (in Fanti Chinese)이런 분위기 때문에 張懷芝는 사직을 원하고 曹錕은 직군의 撤回를 요구함으로써 전방의 軍事가 停頓상태에 빠지고 말았다. 서수쟁은 직군을 전장에서 제외하고 대신에 봉군을 호남전선에 투입하려고 하였다. 즉 봉군의 援川계획을 중지하고 한구에 奉軍前敵총지휘부를 설립하여 호남의 전장으로 배치하려고 하였던 것이다. 이를 위해 5월 9일 봉군 제 27사 사장 손열신, 제28사 사장 급금순, 제29사 사장 吴俊升(오준승)이 長沙에 도착하여 봉군을 立湘작전에 배치하기 시작하였다. 하지만 이 계획에 직군은 극도의 반감을 일으켰고, 厭戰의 정서가 다시 높아졌다. 물론 장작림의 반감을 불러일으킨 것은 말할 것도 없었다. 장작림의 목적은 따로 있었기 때문이다.
直皖戰爭和奉天軍閥的入關
宋 漢 鏞
奉系軍閥利用直皖間的對立，第一次進入關內, 支持段祺瑞的皖系武力統一的行動, 協助段祺瑞重掌北京政權. 盡管不是這次行動的直接代价, 張作霖却以此爲契机, 變成東三省的統治者. 至此, 出現了以北京政府爲中心, 皖系, 直系和奉系三足鼎立的局面. 皖系和奉系的聯合關系, 自從서수쟁單獨使用奉系旗号時開始出現裂痕, 幷在皖系在西北地區搞地盤化和｢邊防軍｣的直轄化的形勢下結束, 反而出現了直奉聯合的局面.
直系和皖系的尖銳對立使戰爭一触卽發, 張作霖表面上保持中立出面調停, 但沒有成功. 皖系將原本規定不得介入國內事務的｢邊防軍｣爲主力与直系開戰, 但隨着奉系的入關迅速崩潰, 直至潰滅. 当時, 日本對其扶植的｢邊防軍｣的調用, 采取了不偏不党的立場而保持沉黙, 結果招致了皖系的潰亡. 日本之所以采取這种態度, 是因爲无法正面招架因支持毫无名分的｢邊防軍｣而招來的英美的干涉和日益高漲的中國國內反日情緖. 作爲沉黙的代价, 從美國方面得到滿洲地區的特殊權益的确認, 幷爲确保其權益逐步演變出大陸政策. 日本的這种態度, 給張作霖提供了与第一次派兵入關時截然不同的环境, 使張作霖能夠派出7万軍隊入關.
入關的結果, 使奉系也分享到北京政權的部分權力. 但奉, 直的蜜月很快就結束, 隨卽將要面對兩次戰爭. 盡管如此, 北京政府在直皖戰爭結束之后, 該如何調節与奉系關系的問題一直持續到1928年北伐完成爲止. 換句話說, 此后在中國的反軍閥就是指反奉天. 而日本在段祺瑞的皖系滅亡以后, 以其在滿洲地區所擁有的强有力的影響力, 重新确定了与張作霖的關系, 幷通過奉系構筑起針對東北以及中國全境的外交戰略. 在這种構圖下, 張作霖的態度會直接影響日本對中國的政策. 与奉系的斷絶, 預示着兩國關系將出現尖銳的對立.
Nice to meet you, toome. Then you are Vera Wang's distant newphew (or niece)?toome wrote:I wanted to thank Kim Sung and 79seconds for the information on 吳俊陞 wú jùn shēng. I have been looking for information on him for a while now as part of an effort in looking up my family history. Wu Jun Sheng is my paternal great grandfather. Thank you again.
I think so, I've never met her. She would be my Grandfather's Sister's Daughter. I knew of her mother, but I had never heard of her until these few webpages.Kim Sung wrote:Nice to meet you, toome. Then you are Vera Wang's distant newphew (or niece)?toome wrote:I wanted to thank Kim Sung and 79seconds for the information on 吳俊陞 wú jùn shēng. I have been looking for information on him for a while now as part of an effort in looking up my family history. Wu Jun Sheng is my paternal great grandfather. Thank you again.
Vera Wang is a very famous person in the world, especially for her wedding dresses that Sharon Stone, Uma Thurman, Meg Ryan, Mariah Carey, Jennifer Lopez, Victoria Beckam and Shim Un-Ha (심은하) wore. Her success seems to have originated from her noble lineage.toome wrote:I think so, I've never met her. She would be my Grandfather's Sister's Daughter. I knew of her mother, but I had never heard of her until these few webpages.
